References
- Chen J, Normand SL, Wang Y, et al. National and regional trends in heart failure hospitalization and mortality rates for medicare beneficiaries, 1998-2008. JAMA. 2011;306(15):1669–1678.
- Gerber Y, Weston SA, Redfield MM, et al. A contemporary appraisal of the heart failure epidemic in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 2000 to 2010. JAMA Intern Med. 2015;175(6):996–1004.
- Roger VL. Epidemiology of heart failure. A contemporary perspective. Circ Res. 2021;128:1421–1434.
- Butler J, Yang M, Manzi MA, et al. Clinical course of patients with worsening heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019;73(8):935–944.
- Setoguchi S, Stevenson LW, Schneeweiss S. Repeated hospitalizations predict mortality in the community population with heart failure. Am Heart J. 2007;154(2):260–266.
- Escobar C, Varela L, Palacios B, et al. Clinical characteristics, management, and one-year risk of complications among patients with heart failure with and without type 2 diabetes in Spain. Rev Clin Esp. 2022;222(4):195–204.
- Rachamin Y, Meier R, Rosemann T, et al. Heart failure epidemiology and treatment in primary care: a retrospective cross-sectional study. ESC Heart Fail. 2021;8(1):489–497.
- McMurray JJ, Packer M, Desai AS, et al. Angiotensin-neprilysin inhibition versus enalapril in heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(11):993–1004.
- McMurray JJV, Solomon SD, Inzucchi SE, et al. Dapagliflozin in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction. N Engl J Med. 2019;381(21):1995–2008.
- Packer M, Anker SD, Butler J, et al. Cardiovascular and renal outcomes with empagliflozin in heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(15):1413–1424.
- Bhatt DL, Szarek M, Steg PG, et al. Sotagliflozin in patients with diabetes and recent worsening heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2021;384(2):117–128.
- Docherty KF, Jhund PS, Inzucchi SE, et al. Effects of dapagliflozin in DAPA-HF according to background heart failure therapy. Eur Heart J. 2020;41(25):2379–2392.
- Kang C, Lamb YN. Vericiguat: a review in chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs. 2022;22(4):451–459.
- Vericiguat. Summary of product characteristics. 2021 Jul 27; [accessed 2022 Sept]. Available from: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/assessment-report/verquvo-epar-public-assessment-report_en.pdf
- Coats AJS, Tolppanen H. Drug treatment of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: defining the role of vericiguat. Drugs. 2021;81(14):1599–1604.
- Markham A, Duggan S. Vericiguat: first approval. Drugs. 2021;81(6):721–726.
- Rao VN, Diez J, Gustafsson F, et al. Practical patient care considerations with use of vericiguat after worsening heart failure events. J Card Fail. 2022. DOI:10.1016/j.cardfail.2022.10.431
- Iacoviello M, Palazzuoli A, Gronda E. Recent advances in pharmacological treatment of heart failure. Eur J Clin Invest. 2021;51(11):e13624.
- Vannuccini F, Campora A, Barilli M, et al. Vericiguat in heart failure: characteristics, scientific evidence and potential clinical applications. Biomedicines. 2022;10(10):2471.
- Hubers SA, Brown NJ. Combined angiotensin receptor antagonism and neprilysin inhibition. Circulation. 2016;133(11):1115–1124.
- Triposkiadis F, Karayannis G, Giamouzis G, et al. The sympathetic nervous system in heart failure physiology, pathophysiology, and clinical implications. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;54(19):1747–1762.
- Nightingale B. A review of the proposed mechanistic actions of sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors in the treatment of heart failure. Cardiol Res. 2021;12(2):60–66.
- Das SR, Everett BM, Birtcher KK, et al. Expert consensus decision pathway on novel therapies for cardiovascular risk reduction in patients with type 2 diabetes: a report of the American College of Cardiology solution set oversight committee. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;76(9):1117–1145.
- McMurray JJV, Packer M. How should we sequence the treatments for heart failure and a reduced ejection fraction? A redefinition of evidence-based medicine. Circulation. 2021;143(9):875–877.
- Vaduganathan M, Claggett BL, Jhund PS, et al. Estimating lifetime benefits of comprehensive disease-modifying pharmacological therapies in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: a comparative analysis of three randomised controlled trials. Lancet. 2020;396(10244):121–128.
- Emdin M, Aimo A, Castiglione V, et al. Targeting cyclic guanosine monophosphate to treat heart failure: JACC review topic of the week. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;76(15):1795–1807.
- Campbell N, Kalabalik-Hoganson J, Frey K. Vericiguat: a novel oral soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator for the treatment of heart failure. Ann Pharmacother. 2022;56(5):600–608.
- Lombardi CM, Cimino G, Pagnesi M, et al. Vericiguat for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Curr Cardiol Rep. 2021;23(10):144.
- Aimo A, Pateras K, Stamatelopoulos K, et al. Relative efficacy of sacubitril-valsartan, vericiguat, and SGLT2 inhibitors in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 2021;35(5):1067–1076.
- Armstrong PW, Pieske B, Anstrom KJ, et al. Vericiguat in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(20):1883–1893.
- González-Juanatey JR, Anguita-Sánchez M, Bayes-Genís A, et al. Vericiguat in heart failure: from scientific evidence to clinical practice. Rev Clin Esp. 2022;222(6):359–369.
- Trujillo ME, Arrington L, Patel Y, et al. Population pharmacokinetics of vericiguat in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: an integrated analysis. Clin Pharm Ther. 2022;112(5):1061–1069.
- Ruehs H, Klein D, Frei M, et al. Population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of vericiguat in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2021;60(11):1407–1421.
- Boettcher M, Gerisch M, Lobmeyer M, et al. Metabolism and pharmacokinetic drug-drug interaction profile of vericiguat, a soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator: results from preclinical and phase I healthy volunteer studies. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2020;59(11):1407–1418.
- Boettcher M, Thomas D, Mueck W, et al. Safety, pharmacodynamic, and pharmacokinetic characterization of vericiguat: results from six phase I studies in healthy subjects. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2021;77(4):527–537.
- Boettcher M, Loewen S, Gerrits M, et al. Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic interaction profile of vericiguat: results from three randomized phase I studies in healthy volunteers. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2021;60(3):337–351.
- Gheorghiade M, Greene SJ, Butler J, et al. SOCRATES-REDUCED investigators and coordinators. Effect of vericiguat, a soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator, on natriuretic peptide levels in patients with worsening chronic heart failure and reduced ejection fraction: the SOCRATES-REDUCED randomized trial. JAMA. 2015;314(21):2251–2262.
- Pieske B, Maggioni AP, Lam CSP, et al. Vericiguat in patients with worsening chronic heart failure and preserved ejection fraction: results of theSOluble guanylate cyclase stimulatoR in heArT failurE patientS with PRESERVED EF (SOCRATES-PRESERVED) study. Eur Heart J. 2017;38(15):1119–1127.
- Armstrong PW, Lam CSP, Anstrom KJ, et al. Effect of vericiguat vs placebo on quality of life in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction: the VITALITY-HFpEF randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2020;324(15):1512–1521.
- Armstrong PW, Roessig L, Patel MJ, et al. A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the efficacy and safety of the oral soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator: the Victoria trial. JACC Heart Fail. 2018;6(2):96–104.
- Pieske B, Patel MJ, Westerhout CM, et al. Baseline features of the Victoria (vericiguat global study in subjects with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction) trial. Eur J Heart Fail. 2019;21(12):1596–1604.
- McDonagh TA, Metra M, Adamo M, et al. 2021 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J. 2021;42(36):3599–3726.
- Lam CSP, Giczewska A, Sliwa K, et al. Clinical outcomes and response to vericiguat according to index heart failure event: insights from the Victoria trial. JAMA Cardiol. 2021;6(6):706–712.
- Senni M, Lopez-Sendon J, Cohen-Solal A, et al. Vericiguat and NT-proBNP in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: analyses from the Victoria trial. ESC Heart Fail. 2022;9(6):3791–3803.
- Armstrong PW, Zheng Y, Troughton RW, et al. Sequential evaluation of NT-proBNP in heart failure: insights into clinical outcomes and efficacy of vericiguat. JACC Heart Fail. 2022;10(9):677–688.
- Voors AA, Mulder H, Reyes E, et al. Renal function and the effects of vericiguat in patients with worsening heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: insights from the Victoria (vericiguat global study in subjects with HFrEF) trial. Eur J Heart Fail. 2021;23(8):1313–1321.
- Greene SJ, Butler J, Albert NM, et al. Medical therapy for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: the CHAMP-HF registry. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018;72(4):351–366.
- Lam CSP, Mulder H, Lopatin Y, et al. Blood pressure and safety events with vericiguat in the Victoria trial. J Am Heart Assoc. 2021;10(22):e021094.
- Senni M, Alemayehu WG, Sim D, et al. Efficacy and safety of vericiguat in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction treated with sacubitril/valsartan: insights from the Victoria trial. Eur J Heart Fail. 2022;24(9):1614–1622.
- Tromp J, Ouwerkerk W, van Veldhuisen DJ, et al. A systematic review and network meta-analysis of pharmacological treatment of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. JACC Heart Fail. 2022;10(2):73–84.
- Packer M, McMurray JJV. Rapid evidence-based sequencing of foundational drugs for heart failure and a reduced ejection fraction. Eur J Heart Fail. 2021;23(6):882–894.
- Solomon SD, Jhund PS, Claggett BL, et al. Effect of dapagliflozin in patients with HFrEF treated with sacubitril/valsartan: the DAPA-HF trial. JACC Heart Fail. 2020;8(10):811–818.
- Saldarriaga C, Atar D, Stebbins A, et al. Vericiguat in patients with coronary artery disease and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Eur J Heart Fail. 2022;24(5):782–790.
- Ponikowski P, Alemayehu W, Oto A, et al. Vericiguat in patients with atrial fibrillation and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: insights from the Victoria trial. Eur J Heart Fail. 2021;23(8):1300–1312.
- Oh J, Lee CJ, Park JJ, et al. Real-world eligibility for vericiguat in decompensated heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. ESC Heart Fail. 2022;9(2):1492–1495.
- Ezekowitz J, Mentz RJ, Westerhout CM, et al. Participation in a heart failure clinical trial: perspectives and opportunities from the Victoria trial and Victoria simultaneous registry. Circ Heart Fail. 2021;14(9):e008242.
- Butler J, Djatche LM, Lautsch D, et al. Representativeness of the Victoria trial population in clinical practice: analysis of the PINNACLE registry. J Card Fail. 2021;27(12):1374–1381.
- Heidenreich PA, Bozkurt B, Aguilar D, et al. AHA/ACC/HFSA guideline for the management of heart failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on clinical practice guidelines. Circulation. 2022;145(18):e895–e1032.
- McDonald M, Virani S, Chan M, et al. CCS/CHFS heart failure guidelines update: defining a new pharmacologic standard of care for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Can J Cardiol. 2021;37(4):531–546.
- Greene SJ, Ezekowitz JA, Anstrom KJ, et al. Medical therapy during hospitalization for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: the Victoria registry. J Card Fail. 2022;28(7):1063–1077.
- Rosano GMC, Allen LA, Abdin A, et al. Drug layering in heart failure: phenotype-guided initiation. JACC Heart Fail. 2021;9(11):775–783.
- Rosano GMC, Moura B, Metra M, et al. Patient profiling in heart failure for tailoring medical therapy. A consensus document of the heart failure association of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur J Heart Fail. 2021;23(6):872–881.
- Escobar C, Luis-Bonilla J, Crespo-Leiro MG, et al. Individualizing the treatment of patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: a journey from hospitalization to long-term outpatient care. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2022;23(14):1589–1599.
- Soufi MK, Almahmoud MF, Kadri AN, et al. Heart failure with stable mildly-reduced ejection fraction: prognosis and predictors of outcomes. Curr Probl Cardiol. 2023;48(5):101631.