Gender heterogeneity in the influencing factors for cerebral microbleeds in acute ischemic stroke patients

References

• Tu WJ, Zhao Z, Yin P, et al. Estimated burden of stroke in China in 2020. JAMA Netw Open. 2023;6(3):e231455.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arboix A, Blanco-Rojas L, Martí-Vilalta JL. Advancements in understanding the mechanisms of symptomatic lacunar ischemic stroke: translation of knowledge to prevention strategies. Expert Rev Neurother. 2014;14(3):261–276.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Markus HS, van Der Flier WM, Smith EE, et al. Framework for clinical trials in cerebral small vessel disease (FINESSE): a review. JAMA Neurol. 2022;79(11):1187–1198.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo LF, Wang G, Zhu XY, et al. Comparison of ESWAN, SWI-SPGR, and 2D T2*-weighted GRE sequence for depicting cerebral microbleeds. Clin Neuroradiol. 2013;23(2):121–127.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu S, Li C. Antiplatelet drug use and cerebral microbleeds: a meta-analysis of published studies. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2015;24(10):2236–2244.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang J, Liu L, Sun H, et al. Cerebral microbleeds are associated with mild cognitive impairment in patients with hypertension. J Am Heart Assoc. 2018;7(11):e008453.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rensma SP, van Sloten TT, Launer LJ, et al. Cerebral small vessel disease and risk of incident stroke, dementia and depression, and all-cause mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2018;90:164–173.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tellez-Gabriel M, Ory B, Lamoureux F, et al. Tumour heterogeneity: the key advantages of single-cell analysis. IJMS. 2016;17(12):2142.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirsch L, Jette N, Frolkis A, et al. The incidence of Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review and Meta-Analysis. Neuroepidemiology. 2016;46(4):292–300.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arboix A, Blanco-Rojas L, Oliveres M, et al. Clinical characteristics of acute lacunar stroke in women: emphasis on gender differences. Acta Neurol Belg. 2014;114(2):107–112.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bushnell CD, Chaturvedi S, Gage KR, et al. Sex differences in stroke: challenges and opportunities. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2018;38(12):2179–2191.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charidimou A, Kakar P, Fox Z, et al. Cerebral microbleeds and the risk of intracerebral haemorrhage after thrombolysis for acute ischaemic stroke: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2013;84(3):277–280.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Staals J, van Oostenbrugge RJ, Knottnerus IL, et al. Brain microbleeds relate to higher ambulatory blood pressure levels in first-ever lacunar stroke patients. Stroke. 2009;40(10):3264–3268.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu J, Wang D, Xiong Y, et al. High-sensitivity cardiac troponin T levels and risk of cerebral microbleeds in acute ischemic stroke patients with atrial fibrillation and/or rheumatic heart disease. J Neurol Sci. 2016;369:15–18.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dong Q, Dong Y, Liu L, et al. The Chinese stroke association scientific statement: intravenous thrombolysis in acute ischaemic stroke. Stroke Vasc Neurol. 2017;2(3):147–159.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wahlund LO, Barkhof F, Fazekas F, et al. A new rating scale for age-related white matter changes applicable to MRI and CT. Stroke. 2001;32(6):1318–1322.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee SH, Bae HJ, Ko SB, et al. Comparative analysis of the spatial distribution and severity of cerebral microbleeds and old lacunes. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2004;75(3):423–427.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang C, Li Z, Wang Y, et al. Risk factors of cerebral microbleeds in strictly deep or lobar brain regions differed. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2015;24(1):24–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nandigam RN, Viswanathan A, Delgado P, et al. MR imaging detection of cerebral microbleeds: effect of susceptibility-weighted imaging, section thickness, and field strength. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2009;30(2):338–343.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park YS, Chung MS, Choi BS. MRI assessment of cerebral small vessel disease in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. Yonsei Med J. 2019;60(8):774–781.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yakushiji Y, Charidimou A, Noguchi T, et al. Total small vessel disease score in neurologically healthy Japanese adults in the Kashima scan study. Intern Med. 2018;57(2):189–196.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geraldes R, Esiri MM, DeLuca GC, et al. Age-related small vessel disease: a potential contributor to neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis. Brain Pathol. 2017;27(6):707–722.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McEwen BS, Milner TA. Understanding the broad influence of sex hormones and sex differences in the brain. J Neurosci Res. 2017;95(1–2):24–39.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubinow DR, Schmidt PJ. Sex differences and the neurobiology of affective disorders. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2019;44(1):111–128.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duering M, Gesierich B, Seiler S, et al. Strategic white matter tracts for processing speed deficits in age-related small vessel disease. Neurology. 2014;82(22):1946–1950.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di Giosia P, Giorgini P, Stamerra CA, et al. Gender differences in epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment of hypertension. Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2018;20(3):13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee SH, Lee ST, Kim BJ, et al. Dynamic temporal change of cerebral microbleeds: long-term follow-up MRI study. PLOS One. 2011;6(10):e25930.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akoudad S, Portegies ML, Koudstaal PJ, et al. Cerebral microbleeds are associated with an increased risk of stroke: the rotterdam study. Circulation. 2015;132(6):509–516.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ding J, Sigurdsson S, Garcia M, et al. Risk factors associated with incident cerebral microbleeds according to location in older people: the age, gene/environment susceptibility (AGES)-reykjavik study. JAMA Neurol. 2015;72(6):682–688.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kraft P, Schuhmann MK, Garz C, et al. Hypercholesterolemia induced cerebral small vessel disease. PLOS One. 2017;12(8):e0182822.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kroes J, Ostwald R. Erythrocyte membranes–effect of increased cholesterol content on permeability. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1971;249(2):647–650.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Konishi M, Iso H, Komachi Y, et al. Associations of serum total cholesterol, different types of stroke, and stenosis distribution of cerebral arteries. The Akita pathology study. Stroke. 1993;24(7):954–964.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tirschwell DL, Smith NL, Heckbert SR, et al. Association of cholesterol with stroke risk varies in stroke subtypes and patient subgroups. Neurology. 2004;63(10):1868–1875.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cannistraro RJ, Badi M, Eidelman BH, et al. CNS small vessel disease: a clinical review. Neurology. 2019;92(24):1146–1156.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song C, Burgess S, Eicher JD, et al. Causal effect of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 on coronary heart disease. J Am Heart Assoc. 2017;6(6):e004918.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar