Link protein N-terminal peptide and fullerol promote matrix production and decrease degradation enzymes in rabbit annulus cells

References

• Shmagel A, Foley R, Ibrahim H. Epidemiology of chronic low back pain in US adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009–2010. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2016. (8 October 2016). 10.1002/acr.22890
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freburger JK, Holmes GM, Agans RP, Jackman AM, Darter JD, Wallace AS, Casterl LD, Kalsbeek WD, Carey TS. The rising prevalence of chronic low back pain. Arch Intern Med 2009;169:251–258.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson ZI, Schoepflin ZR, Choi H, Shapiro IM, Risbud MV. Disc in flames: roles of TNF-α and IL-1β in intervertebral disc degeneration. Eur Cell Mater 2015;30:104–116.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwarzer AC, Aprill CN, Derby R, Fortin J, Kine G, Bogduk N. The prevalence and clinical features of internal disc disruption in patients with chronic low back pain. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1995;20:1878–1883.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freemont AJ, Watkins A, Le Maitre C, Jeziorska M, Hoyland JA. Current understanding of cellular and molecular events in intervertebral disc degeneration: implications for therapy. J Pathol 2002;196:374–379.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chujo T, An HS, Akeda K, Miyamoto K, Muehleman C, Attawia M, Andersson G, Masuda K. Effects of growth differentiation factor-5 on the intervertebral disc−in vitro bovine study and in vivo rabbit disc degeneration model study. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2006;31:2909–2917.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gruber HE, Norton HJ, Hanley EN. Anti-apoptotic effects of IGF-1 and PDGF on human intervertebral disc cells in vitro. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2000;25:2153–2157.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang KY, Yan JJ, Hsieh CC, Chang MS, Lin RM. The in vivo biological effects of intradiscal recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 on the injured intervertebral disc. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2007;32:1174–1180.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masuda K, Imai Y, Okuma M, Muehleman C, Nakagawa K, Akeda K, Thonar E, Andersson G, An HS. Osteogenic protein-1 injection into a degenerated disc induces the restoration of disc height and structural changes in the rabbit anular puncture model. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2006;31:742–754.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang Y, Chee A, Thonar EJ, An HS. Intervertebral disk repair by protein, gene, or cell injection: a framework for rehabilitation-focused biologics in the spine. Pm&R 2011;3:S88–S94.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu Q, Jin L, Shen FH, Balian G, Li X. Fullerol nanoparticles suppress inflammatory response and adipogenesis of vertebral bone marrow stromal cells: a potential novel treatment for intervertebral disc degeneration. Spine J 2013;13:1571–1580.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang X, Jin L, Yao L, Shen FH, Shimer AL, Li X. Antioxidative nanofullerol prevents intervertebral disk degeneration. Int J Nanomedicine 2014;9:2419–2430.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mwale F, Demers CN, Petit A, Roughley PJ, Poole AR, Steffen T, Aebi M, Antoniou J. A synthetic peptide of link protein stimulates the biosynthesis of collagens II, IX and proteoglycan by cells of the intervertebral disc. J Cell Biochem 2003;88:1202–1213.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu H, McKenna LA, Dean M. An N-terminal peptide from link protein stimulates synthesis of cartilage proteoglycans. Biochem Soc Trans 1997;25:427S.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wang Z, Weitzmann MN, Sangadala S, Hutton WC, Yoon ST. Link protein N-terminal peptide binds to bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) type II receptor and drives matrix protein expression in rabbit intervertebral disc cells. J Biol Chem 2013;288:28243–28253.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Z, Hutton WC, Yoon ST. ISSLS Prize winner: effect of link protein peptide on human intervertebral disc cells. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2013;38:1501–1507.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mwale F, Wang HT, Roughley P, Antoniou J, Haglund L. Link N and mesenchymal stem cells can induce regeneration of the early degenerate intervertebral disc. Tissue Eng Part A 2014;20:2942–2949.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mwale F, Demers CN, Petit A, Roughley P, Poole R, Steffen T, Aebi M, Antoniou J. A synthetic peptide of link protein stimulates the biosynthesis of collagens II, IX and proteoglycan by cells of the intervertebral disc. J Cell Biochem 2003;88:1202–1213.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mwale F, Masuda K, Pichika R, Epure LM, Yoshikawa T, Hemmad A, Roughley PJ, Antoniou J. The efficacy of Link N as a mediator of repair in a rabbit model of intervertebral disc degeneration. Arthritis Res Ther 2011;13:R120.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abbott RD, Purmessur D, Monsey RD, Brigstock DR, Laudier DM, Iatridis JC. Degenerative grade affects the responses of human nucleus pulposus cells to link-N, CTGF, and TGFβ3. J Spinal Disord Tech 2013 May;26(3):E86–94.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jin L, Liu Q, Scott P, Zhang D, Shen F, Balian G, Li X. Annulus fibrosus cell characteristics are a potential source of intervertebral disc pathogenesis. Plos One 2014;9:e96519. 10.1371/journal.pone.0096519
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiao L, Ding M, Saadoon O, Vess E, Fernandez A, Zhao P, Jin L, Li X. A novel culture platform for fast proliferation of human annulus fibrosus cells. Cell Tissue Res 2017;367:339–350.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iatridis JC, MacLean JJ, O’Brien M, Stokes IA. Measurements of proteoglycan and water content distribution in human lumbar intervertebral. Discs Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2007;32:1493–1497.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oegema TR, Biochemistry of the intervertebral disc. Clin Sports Med 1993;12:419–439.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hughes SPF, Freemont AJ, Hukins D, McGregor AH, Roberts S. The pathogenesis of degeneration of the intervertebral disc and emerging therapies in the management of back pain. Bone Joint J 2012;94-B:1298–1304.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mwale F, Ciobanu I, Giannitsios D, Roughley P, Steffen T, Antoniou J. Effect of oxygen levels on proteoglycan synthesis by intervertebral disc cells. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2011;36:E131–E138.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Molinos M, Almeida CR, Caldeira J, Cunha C, Gonçalves RM, Barbosa MA. Inflammation in intervertebral disc degeneration and regeneration. J R Soc Interface 2015;12:20141191.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ziskoven C, Jäger M, Kircher J, Patzer T, Bloch W, Brixius K, Krauspe R. Physiology and pathophysiology of nitrosative and oxidative stress in osteoarthritic joint destruction. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2011;89:455–466.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suzuki S, Fujita N, Hosogane N, Watanabe K, Ishii K, Toyama Y, Takubo K, Horiuchi K, Miyamoto T, Nakamura M, Matsumoto M. Excessive reactive oxygen species are therapeutic targets for intervertebral disc degeneration. Arthritis Res Ther 2015;17:316.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu GZ, Ishihara H, Osada R, Kimura T, Tsuji H. Nitric oxide mediates the change of proteoglycan synthesis in the human lumbar intervertebral disc in response to hydrostatic pressure. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2001;26:134–141.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kang JD, Stefanovic-Racic M, McIntyre LA, Georgescu HI, Evans CH. Toward a biochemical understanding of human intervertebral disc degeneration and herniation. Contributions of nitric oxide, interleukins, prostaglandin E2, and matrix metalloproteinases. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1997;22:1065–1073.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kong MH, Do DH, Miyazaki M, Wei F, Yoon SH, Wang JC. Rabbit model for in vivo study of intervertebral disc degeneration and regeneration. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 2008;44:327–333.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jin L, Ding M, Oklopcic A, Aghdasi B, Xiao L, Li Z, Jevtovic-Todorovic V, Li X. Nanoparticle fullerol alleviates radiculopathy via NLRP3 inflammasome and neuropeptides. Nanomedicien 2017 Apr 9 [Epub ahead of print].
   Google Scholar