The influence of cyclic tensile strain on multi-compartment collagen-GAG scaffolds for tendon-bone junction repair

References

• Moffat KL, Wang I-NE, Rodeo SA, Lu HH. Orthopedic interface tissue engineering for the biological fixation of soft tissue grafts. Clin Sports Med. 2009;28(1):157–176. doi:10.1016/j.csm.2008.08.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang PJ, Temenoff JS. Engineering orthopedic tissue interfaces. Tissue Eng Part B Rev. 2009;15(2):127–141.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaw HM, Benjamin M. Structure–function relationships of entheses in relation to mechanical load and exercise. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2007;17(4):303–315. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2007.00689.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Genin GM, Kent A, Birman V, Wopenka B, Pasteris JD, Marquez PJ, Thomopoulos S. Functional grading of mineral and collagen in the attachment of tendon to bone. Biophys J. 2009;97(4):976–985. doi:10.1016/j.bpj.2009.05.043
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu HH, Thomopoulos S. Functional attachment of soft tissues to bone: development, healing, and tissue engineering. Annu Rev Biomed Eng. 2013;15(1):201–226. doi:10.1146/annurev-bioeng-071910-124656
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Font Tellado S, Balmayor ER, Van Griensven M. Strategies to engineer tendon/ligament-to-bone interface: biomaterials, cells and growth factors. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2015;94:126–140. doi:10.1016/j.addr.2015.03.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Engler A, Bacakova L, Newman C, Hategan A, Griffin M, Discher D. Substrate compliance versus ligand density in cell on gel responses. Biophys J. 2004;86(1 Pt 1):617–628. doi:10.1016/S0006-3495(04)74140-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dalby MJ, Gadegaard N, Oreffo ROC. Harnessing nanotopography and integrin-matrix interactions to influence stem cell fate. Nat Mater. 2014;13(6):558–569. doi:10.1038/nmat3980
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lipner J, Liu W, Liu Y, Boyle J, Genin GM, Xia Y, Thomopoulos S. The mechanics of PLGA nanofiber scaffolds with biomimetic gradients in mineral for tendon-to-bone repair. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 2014;40:59–68. doi:10.1016/j.jmbbm.2014.08.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Font Tellado S, et al. Fabrication and characterization of biphasic silk fibroin scaffolds for tendon/ligament-to-bone tissue engineering. Tissue Eng Part A. 2017;23:15–16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spalazzi JP, Dagher E, Doty SB, Guo XE, Rodeo SA, Lu HH. In vivo evaluation of a multiphased scaffold designed for orthopaedic interface tissue engineering and soft tissue-to-bone integration. J Biomed Mater Res Part A. 2008;86A(1):1–12. doi:10.1002/(ISSN)1552-4965
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang X, Bogdanowicz D, Erisken C, Lee NM, Lu HH.. Biomimetic scaffold design for functional and integrative tendon repair. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2012;21(2):266–277. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2011.11.016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu Y, Fuh J, Wong YS, Sun J. A hybrid electrospinning and electrospraying 3D printing for tissue engineered scaffolds. Rapid Prototyping J. 2017;23(6):1011–1019. doi:10.1108/RPJ-08-2015-0111
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu Y, Han Y, Wong YS, Fuh JYH. Fibre-based scaffolding techniques for tendon tissue engineering. J Tissue Eng Regen Med. 2018;12(7):1798–1821. doi:10.1002/term.2701
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yannas IV, Lee E, Orgill DP, Skrabut EM, Murphy GF. Synthesis and characterization of a model extracellular matrix that induces partial regeneration of adult mammalian skin. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1989;86(3):933–937.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chamberlain LJ, Yannas IV, Hsu HP, Strichartz GR, Spector M. Near-terminus axonal structure and function following rat sciatic nerve regeneration through a collagen-GAG matrix in a ten-millimeter gap. J Neurosci Res. 2000;60(5):666–677. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4547(20000601)60:5<666::AID-JNR12>3.0.CO;2-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vickers SM, Gotterbarm T, Spector M. Cross-linking affects cellular condensation and chondrogenesis in type II collagen-GAG scaffolds seeded with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. J Orthop Res. 2010;28(9):1184–1192. doi:10.1002/jor.21113
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caliari SR, Harley BAC. The effect of anisotropic collagen-GAG scaffolds and growth factor supplementation on tendon cell recruitment, alignment, and metabolic activity. Biomaterials. 2011;32(23):5330–5340. doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.04.021
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caliari SR, Weisgerber DW, Ramirez MA, Kelkhoff DO, Harley BAC. The influence of collagen–glycosaminoglycan scaffold relative density and microstructural anisotropy on tenocyte bioactivity and transcriptomic stability. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 2012;11:27–40. doi:10.1016/j.jmbbm.2011.12.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caliari SR, Harley BAC. Structural and biochemical modification of a collagen scaffold to selectively enhance MSC tenogenic, chondrogenic, and osteogenic differentiation. Adv Healthc Mater. 2014;3(7):1086–1096. doi:10.1002/adhm.201300646
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grier WK, Moy AS, Harley BA. Cyclic tensile strain enhances human mesenchymal stem cell Smad 2/3 activation and tenogenic differentiation in anisotropic collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds. Eur Cell Mater. 2017;33:227–239. doi:10.22203/eCM.v033a14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grier WK, Iyoha EM, Harley BAC. The influence of pore size and stiffness on tenocyte bioactivity and transcriptomic stability in collagen-GAG scaffolds. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 2017;65:295–305. doi:10.1016/j.jmbbm.2016.08.034
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harley BA, Lynn AK, Wissner-Gross Z, Bonfield W, Yannas IV, Gibson LJ. Design of a multiphase osteochondral scaffold. II. Fabrication of a mineralized collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffold. J Biomed Mater Res A. 2010;92(3):1066–1077. doi:10.1002/jbm.a.32361
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weisgerber DW, Caliari SR, Harley BAC. Mineralized collagen scaffolds induce hMSC osteogenesis and matrix remodeling. Biomater Sci. 2015;3(3):533–542. doi:10.1039/C4BM00397G
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee JC, Pereira CT, Ren X, Huang W, Bischoff D, Weisgerber DW, Yamaguchi DT, Harley BA, Miller TA. Optimizing collagen scaffolds for bone engineering: effects of cross-linking and mineral content on structural contraction and osteogenesis. J Craniofacial Surg. 2015;26(6):1992–1996. doi:10.1097/SCS.0000000000001918
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ren X, Bischoff D, Weisgerber DW, Lewis MS, Tu V, Yamaguchi DT, Miller TA, Harley BAC, Lee JC. Osteogenesis on nanoparticulate mineralized collagen scaffolds via autogenous activation of the canonical BMP receptor signaling pathway. Biomaterials. 2015;50:107–114. doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.01.059
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ren X, Tu V, Bischoff D, Weisgerber DW, Lewis MS, Yamaguchi DT, Miller TA, Harley BAC, Lee JC. Nanoparticulate mineralized collagen scaffolds induce in vivo bone regeneration independent of progenitor cell loading or exogenous growth factor stimulation. Biomaterials. 2016;89:67–78. doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.02.020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ren X, Weisgerber DW, Bischoff D, Lewis MS, Reid RR, He T-C, Yamaguchi DT, Miller TA, Harley BAC, Lee JC. Nanoparticulate mineralized collagen scaffolds and BMP-9 induce a long-term bone cartilage construct in human mesenchymal stem cells. Adv Healthc Mater. 2016;5(14):1821–1830. doi:10.1002/adhm.201600187
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harley BA, Lynn AK, Wissner-Gross Z, Bonfield W, Yannas IV, Gibson LJ. Design of a multiphase osteochondral scaffold III: fabrication of layered scaffolds with continuous interfaces. J Biomed Mater Res A. 2010;92(3):1078–1093. doi:10.1002/jbm.a.32387
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Getgood AMJ, Kew SJ, Brooks R, Aberman H, Simon T, Lynn AK, Rushton N. Evaluation of early-stage osteochondral defect repair using a biphasic scaffold based on a collagen–glycosaminoglycan biopolymer in a caprine model. Knee. 2012;19(4):422–430. doi:10.1016/j.knee.2011.03.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caliari SR, Weisgerber DW, Grier WK, Mahmassani Z, Boppart MD, Harley BAC. Collagen scaffolds incorporating coincident gradations of instructive structural and biochemical cues for osteotendinous junction engineering. Adv Healthc Mater. 2015;4(6):831–837. doi:10.1002/adhm.201400809
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holladay C, et al. Preferential tendon stem cell response to growth factor supplementation. J Tissue Eng Regen Med. 2014;10(9):783–798.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang D, Gao P, Zhang Y, Yang S. Combined effects of engineered tendon matrix and GDF-6 on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-based tendon regeneration. Biotechnol Lett. 2016;38(5):885–892. doi:10.1007/s10529-016-2037-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lyons FG, Gleeson JP, Partap S, Coghlan K, O’Brien FJ. Novel microhydroxyapatite particles in a collagen scaffold: a bioactive bone void filler? Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2014;472(4):1318–1328. doi:10.1007/s11999-013-3438-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hettiaratchi MH, Miller T, Temenoff JS, Guldberg RE, McDevitt TC. Heparin microparticle effects on presentation and bioactivity of bone morphogenetic protein-2. Biomaterials. 2014;35(25):7228–7238. doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.05.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quinlan E, Thompson EM, Matsiko A, O’Brien FJ, López-Noriega A. Long-term controlled delivery of rhBMP-2 from collagen-hydroxyapatite scaffolds for superior bone tissue regeneration. J Controlled Release: off J Controlled Release Soc. 2015;207:112–119. doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.03.028
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lyons FG, Gleeson JP, Partap S, Coghlan K, O’Brien FJ. Novel microhydroxyapatite particles in a collagen scaffold: a bioactive bone void filler? Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2014;472(4):1318–1328. doi:10.1007/s11999-013-3438-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen X, et al. Force and scleraxis synergistically promote the commitment of human ES cells derived MSCs to tenocytes. Sci Rep. 2012;2:977.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schweitzer R, Zelzer E, Volk T. Connecting muscles to tendons: tendons and musculoskeletal development in flies and vertebrates. Development. 2010;137(17):2807–2817. doi:10.1242/dev.047498
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galloway MT, Lalley AL, Shearn JT. The role of mechanical loading in tendon development, maintenance, injury, and repair. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2013;95(17):1620–1628. doi:10.2106/JBJS.L.01004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomopoulos S, Zampiakis E, Das R, Silva MJ, Gelberman RH. The effect of muscle loading on flexor tendon-to-bone healing in a canine model. J Orthop Res. 2008;26(12):1611–1617. doi:10.1002/jor.20689
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paxton JZ, Hagerty P, Andrick JJ, Baar K. Optimizing an intermittent stretch paradigm using ERK1/2 phosphorylation results in increased collagen synthesis in engineered ligaments. Tissue Eng Part A. 2012;18(3–4):277–284. doi:10.1089/ten.TEA.2011.0336
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doroski DM, Levenston ME, Temenoff JS. Cyclic tensile culture promotes fibroblastic differentiation of marrow stromal cells encapsulated in poly(ethylene glycol)-based hydrogels. Tissue Eng Part A. 2010;16(11):3457–3466. doi:10.1089/ten.tea.2010.0233
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bosworth LA, Rathbone SR, Bradley RS, Cartmell SH. Dynamic loading of electrospun yarns guides mesenchymal stem cells towards a tendon lineage. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 2014;39:175–183. doi:10.1016/j.jmbbm.2014.07.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Govoni M, Muscari C, Lovecchio J, Guarnieri C, Giordano E. Mechanical actuation systems for the phenotype commitment of stem cell-based tendon and ligament tissue substitutes. Stem Cell Rev Rep. 2016;12(2):189–201. doi:10.1007/s12015-015-9640-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laboureau J, Dubertret L, Lebreton-De Coster C, Coulomb B. ERK activation by mechanical strain is regulated by the small G proteins rac-1 and rhoA. Exp Dermatol. 2004;13(2):70–77. doi:10.1111/j.0906-6705.2004.00117.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Papakrivopoulou J, Lindahl GE, Bishop JE, Laurent GJ. Differential roles of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and p38MAPK in mechanical load-induced procollagen α1(I) gene expression in cardiac fibroblasts. Cardiovasc Res. 2004;61:736–744. doi:10.1016/j.cardiores.2003.12.018
   Google Scholar
• Weinbaum J, Schmidt J, Tranquillo R. Combating adaptation to cyclic stretching by prolonging activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase. Cell Mol Bioeng. 2013;6(3):279–286. doi:10.1007/s12195-013-0289-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caliari SR, Weisgerber DW, Grier WK, Mahmassani Z, Boppart MD, Harley BAC. Collagen scaffolds incorporating coincident gradations of instructive structural and biochemical cues for osteotendinous junction engineering. Adv Healthc Mater. 2015;4(6):831–837. doi:10.1002/adhm.201400809
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Madaghiele M, Sannino A, Yannas IV, Spector M. Collagen-based matrices with axially oriented pores. J Biomed Mater Res Part A. 2008;85A(3):757–767. doi:10.1002/(ISSN)1552-4965
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lynn AK, Best SM, Cameron RE, Harley BA, Yannas IV, Gibson LJ, Bonfield W. Design of a multiphase osteochondral scaffold. I. Control of chemical composition. J Biomed Mater Res A. 2010;92(3):1057–1065. doi:10.1002/jbm.a.32415
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O‘Brien FJ, Harley BA, Yannas IV, Gibson L. Influence of freezing rate on pore structure in freeze-dried collagen-GAG scaffolds. Biomaterials. 2004;25(6):1077–1086.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olde Damink LHH, Dijkstra PJ, van Luyn MJ, van Wachem PB, Nieuwenhuis P, Feijen J. Cross-linking of dermal sheep collagen using a water soluble carbodiimide. Biomaterials. 1996;17:765–773.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harley BA, Leung JH, Silva ECCM, Gibson LJ. Mechanical characterization of collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds. Acta Biomater. 2007;3(4):463–474. doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2006.12.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grier WK, et al. Incorporation of β-cyclodextrin into collagen-GAG scaffolds for the selective sequestration and presentation of growth factors to guide MSC fate. Acta Biomater. 2018 ( in revision). doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2018.06.033
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weisgerber DW, Kelkhoff DO, Caliari SR, Harley BAC. The impact of discrete compartments of a multi-compartment collagen-GAG scaffold on overall construct biophysical properties. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 2013;28:26–36. doi:10.1016/j.jmbbm.2013.07.016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O‘Brien FJ, Harley BA, Yannas IV, Gibson LJ. The effect of pore size on cell adhesion in collagen-GAG scaffolds. Biomaterials. 2005;26(4):433–441. doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2004.02.052
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tierney EG, Duffy GP, Cryan S-A, Curtin CM, O’Brien FJ. Non-viral gene-activated matrices-next generation constructs for bone repair. Organogenesis. 2013;9(1). doi:10.4161/org.24329
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duffy GP, McFadden TM, Byrne EM, Gill S-L, Farrell E, O’Brien FJ. Towards in vitro vascularisation of collagen-GAG scaffolds. Eur Cell Mater. 2011;21:15–30. doi:10.22203/eCM
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayashida T, Wu M-H, Pierce A, Poncelet A-C, Varga J, Schnaper HW. MAP-kinase activity necessary for TGFβ1-stimulated mesangial cell type I collagen expression requires adhesion-dependent phosphorylation of FAK tyrosine 397. J Cell Sci. 2007;120(23):4230–4240. doi:10.1242/jcs.03492
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Papakrivopoulou J, Lindahl GE, Bishop JE, Laurent GJ. Differential roles of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and p38MAPK in mechanical load-induced procollagen α1(I) gene expression in cardiac fibroblasts. Cardiovasc Res. 2004;61(4):736–744. doi:10.1016/j.cardiores.2003.12.018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelly-Arnold A, Maldonado N, Laudier D, Aikawa E, Cardoso L, Weinbaum S. Revised microcalcification hypothesis for fibrous cap rupture in human coronary arteries. Proc National Acad Sci. 2013;110(26):10741–10746. doi:10.1073/pnas.1308814110
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen H, Gelberman RH, Silva MJ, Sakiyama-Elbert SE, Thomopoulos S, Awad H. BMP12 induces tenogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stromal cells. PLoS One. 2013;8(10):e77613. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0077613
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maeda T, Sakabe T, Sunaga A, Sakai K, Rivera AL, Keene DR, Sasaki T, Stavnezer E, Iannotti J, Schweitzer R, Ilic D, Baskaran H, Sakai T. Conversion of mechanical force into TGF-β-mediated biochemical signals. Curr Biol. 2011;21(11):933–941. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2011.04.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klatte-Schulz F, Pauly S, Scheibel M, Greiner S, Gerhardt C, Hartwig J, Schmidmaier G, Wildemann B, Laird EG. Characteristics and stimulation potential with BMP-2 and BMP-7 of tenocyte-like cells isolated from the rotator cuff of female donors. PLoS One. 2013;8(6):e67209. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0067209
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pauly S, Klatte F, Strobel C, Schmidmaier G, Greiner S, Scheibel M, Wildemann B. Characterization of tendon cell cultures of the human rotator cuff. Eur Cell Mater. 2010;20:84–97. doi:10.22203/eCM
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lorda-Diez CI, Canga-Villegas A, Cerezal L, Plaza S, Hurlé JM, García-Porrero JA, Montero JA. Comparative transcriptional analysis of three human ligaments with distinct biomechanical properties. J Anat. 2013;223(6):593–602. doi:10.1111/joa.12124
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou J, Xu C, Wu G, Cao X, Zhang L, Zhai Z, Zheng Z, Chen X, Wang Y. In vitro generation of osteochondral differentiation of human marrow mesenchymal stem cells in novel collagen–hydroxyapatite layered scaffolds. Acta Biomater. 2011;7(11):3999–4006. doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2011.06.040
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frank O, Heim M, Jakob M, Barbero A, Schäfer D, Bendik I, Dick W, Heberer M, Martin I. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR analysis of human bone marrow stromal cells during osteogenic differentiation in vitro. J Cell Biochem. 2002;85(4):737–746. doi:10.1002/jcb.10174
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murchison ND, Price BA, Conner DA, Keene DR, Olson EN, Tabin CJ, Schweitzer R. Regulation of tendon differentiation by scleraxis distinguishes force-transmitting tendons from muscle-anchoring tendons. Development. 2007;134(14):2697–2708. doi:10.1242/dev.001933
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pryce BA, Watson SS, Murchison ND, Staverosky JA, Dünker N, Schweitzer R. Recruitment and maintenance of tendon progenitors by TGFbeta signaling are essential for tendon formation. Development. 2009;136(8):1351–1361. doi:10.1242/dev.027342
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blitz E, Viukov S, Sharir A, Shwartz Y, Galloway JL, Pryce BA, Johnson RL, Tabin CJ, Schweitzer R, Zelzer E. Bone ridge patterning during musculoskeletal assembly is mediated through SCX regulation of Bmp4 at the tendon-skeleton junction. Dev Cell. 2009;17(6):861–873. doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2009.10.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weisgerber DW, Kelkhoff DO, Caliari SR, Harley BAC. The impact of discrete compartments of a multi-compartment collagen–GAG scaffold on overall construct biophysical properties. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 2013;28:26–36. doi:10.1016/j.jmbbm.2013.07.016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang Y, Wang Y, Tang G. Cyclic tensile strain promotes the osteogenic differentiation of a bone marrow stromal cell and vascular endothelial cell co-culture system. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2016;607:37–43. doi:10.1016/j.abb.2016.08.015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yourek G, McCormick SM, Mao JJ, Reilly GC. Shear stress induces osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. Regen Med. 2010;5(5):713–724. doi:10.2217/rme.10.60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu H, et al. Mohawk promotes the tenogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells through activation of the TGFβ signaling pathway. Stem Cells. 2014;33(2):443–455.
   Google Scholar
• Zhou Q, Ren X, Bischoff D, Weisgerber DW, Yamaguchi DT, Miller TA, Harley BAC, Lee JC. Nonmineralized and mineralized collagen scaffolds induce differential osteogenic signaling pathways in human mesenchymal stem cells. Adv Healthc Mater. 2017;6(23):1700641. doi:10.1002/adhm.v6.23
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He P, Ng KS, Toh SL, Goh JCH. In vitro ligament–bone interface regeneration using a trilineage coculture system on a hybrid silk scaffold. Biomacromolecules. 2012;13(9):2692–2703. doi:10.1021/bm300651q
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu H, et al. Biomimetic tendon extracellular matrix composite gradient scaffold enhances ligament-to-bone junction reconstruction. Acta Biomater. 2017;56:129–140.
   Google Scholar
• Allen JL, Cooke ME, Alliston T. ECM stiffness primes the TGF pathway to promote chondrocyte differentiation. Mol Biol Cell. 2012;23(18):3731–3742. doi:10.1091/mbc.E12-03-0172
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grier WK, et al. The influence of cyclic tensile strain on multi-compartment collagen-GAG scaffolds for tendon-bone junction regeneration. bioRxiv. 2018.
   Google Scholar
• Ren X, Weisgerber DW, Bischoff D, Lewis MS, Reid RR, He T-C, Yamaguchi DT, Miller TA, Harley BAC, Lee JC. Nanoparticulate mineralized collagen scaffolds and BMP-9 induce a long term bone cartilage construct in human mesenchymal stem cells. Adv Healthc Mater. 2016;5(14):1821–1830. doi:10.1002/adhm.201600187
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar