Proanthocyanidins inhibit the apoptosis and aging of nucleus pulposus cells through the PI3K/Akt pathway delaying intervertebral disc degeneration

References

• Ma K, Chen S, Li Z et al. 2019. Mechanisms of endogenous repair failure during intervertebral disc degeneration[J]. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 27(1):41–48. doi:10.1016/j.joca.2018.08.021.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• E MG, W E-RT, Lai A et al. 2017. Looking beyond the intervertebral disc: the need for behavioral assays in models of discogenic pain[J]. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1409(1):51–66. doi:10.1111/nyas.13429.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J LF, Cui H, Pan H et al. 2021. Painful intervertebral disc degeneration and inflammation: from laboratory evidence to clinical interventions[J]. Bone Res. 9(1):7. doi:10.1038/s41413-020-00125-x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J RE, Darai A, W KJ et al. 2021. Genetic Therapy for Intervertebral Disc Degeneration[J]. Int J Mol Sci. 22(4):1579. doi:10.3390/ijms22041579.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oichi T, Taniguchi Y, Oshima Y et al. 2020. Pathomechanism of intervertebral disc degeneration[J]. JOR Spine. 3(1):e1076. doi:10.1002/jsp2.1076.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhao L, Manchikanti L, D KA et al. 2019. Treatment of Discogenic Low Back Pain: Current Treatment Strategies and Future Options-a Literature Review[J]. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 23(11):86. doi:10.1007/s11916-019-0821-x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• W AJ, Enomoto-Iwamoto M, J SL et al. 2016. Intervertebral disc development and disease-related genetic polymorphisms[J]. Genes Dis. 3(3):171–177. doi:10.1016/j.gendis.2016.04.006.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bowles RD, Setton LA. 2017. Biomaterials for intervertebral disc regeneration and repair[J]. Biomaterials. 129:54–67. doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.03.013.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J KG, A VM, K KM et al. Decoding the intervertebral disc: Unravelling the complexities of cell phenotypes and pathways associated with degeneration and mechanotransduction[J]. Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2017;62:94–103.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun K, Zhu J, Sun J et al. 2021. Neuropeptide Y prevents nucleus pulposus cells from cell apoptosis and IL‑1β‑induced extracellular matrix degradation[J]. Cell Cycle. 20(10):960–977. doi:10.1080/15384101.2021.1911914.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen J, J XJ, Y JM et al. 2018. Sirt6 overexpression suppresses senescence and apoptosis of nucleus pulposus cells by inducing autophagy in a model of intervertebral disc degeneration[J]. Cell Death Dis. 9(2):56. doi:10.1038/s41419-017-0085-5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen D, Xia D, Pan Z et al. 2016. Metformin protects against apoptosis and senescence in nucleus pulposus cells and ameliorates disc degeneration in vivo[J]. Cell Death Dis. 7(10):e2441. doi:10.1038/cddis.2016.334.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rauf A, Imran M, Abu-Izneid T et al. Proanthocyanidins: a comprehensive review[J]. Biomed Pharmacother. 2019;116:108999.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tie F, Wang J, Liang Y et al. 2020. Proanthocyanidins Ameliorated Deficits of Lipid Metabolism in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Via Inhibiting Adipogenesis and Improving Mitochondrial Function[J]. Int J Mol Sci. 21(6). doi:10.3390/ijms21062029.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodríguez-Pérez C, García-Villanova B, Guerra-Hernández E et al. 2019. Grape Seeds Proanthocyanidins: an Overview of In Vivo Bioactivity in Animal Models[J]. Nutrients. 11(10). doi:10.3390/nu11102435.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S AA, M A-MW, A SA et al. 2019. Proanthocyanidins from the stem bark of Rhus tripartita ameliorate methylgloxal-induced endothelial cell apoptosis[J]. J Food Drug Anal. 27(3):758–765. doi:10.1016/j.jfda.2019.02.002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shi J, Yu J, E PJ et al. 2003. Polyphenolics in grape seeds-biochemistry and functionality[J]. J Med Food. 6(4):291–299. doi:10.1089/109662003772519831.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mével E, Merceron C, Vinatier C et al. 2016. Olive and grape seed extract prevents post-traumatic osteoarthritis damages and exhibits in vitro anti IL-1β activities before and after oral consumption[J]. Sci Rep. 6(1):33527. doi:10.1038/srep33527.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J WY, B JY, O JY et al. 2011. Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract ameliorates monosodium iodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis[J]. Exp Mol Med. 43(10):561–570. doi:10.3858/emm.2011.43.10.062.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stephens L, Anderson K, Stokoe D et al. 1998. Protein kinase B kinases that mediate phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate-dependent activation of protein kinase B[J]. Science. 279(5351):710–714. doi:10.1126/science.279.5351.710.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacinto E, Facchinetti V, Liu D et al. 2006. SIN1/MIP1 maintains rictor-mTOR complex integrity and regulates Akt phosphorylation and substrate specificity[J]. Cell. 127(1):125–137. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.08.033.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bertacchini J, Heidari N, Mediani L et al. 2015. Targeting PI3K/AKT/mTOR network for treatment of leukemia[J]. Cell Mol Life Sci. 72(12):2337–2347. doi:10.1007/s00018-015-1867-5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• H OZ, J WW, G YY et al. 2017. The PI3K/Akt pathway: a critical player in intervertebral disc degeneration[J]. Oncotarget. 8(34):57870–57881. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.18628.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ersahin T, Tuncbag N, Cetin-Atalay R. 2015. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR interactive pathway[J]. Mol Biosyst. 11(7):1946–1954. doi:10.1039/C5MB00101C.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Qi W, Ren D, Wang P et al. Upregulation of Sirt1 by tyrosol suppresses apoptosis and inflammation and modulates extracellular matrix remodeling in interleukin-1β-stimulated human nucleus pulposus cells through activation of PI3K/Akt pathway[J]. Int Immunopharmacol. 2020;88:106904.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodrigues-Pinto R, Richardson SM, Hoyland JA. 2014. An understanding of intervertebral disc development, maturation and cell phenotype provides clues to direct cell-based tissue regeneration therapies for disc degeneration[J]. Eur Spine J. 23(9):1803–1814. doi:10.1007/s00586-014-3305-z.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He J, Zhang A, Song Z et al. 2019. The resistant effect of SIRT1 in oxidative stress-induced senescence of rat nucleus pulposus cell is regulated by Akt-FoxO1 pathway[J]. Biosci Rep. 39(5). doi:10.1042/BSR20190112.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• I JZ, R SZ, Choi H et al. 2015. Disc in flames: roles of TNF-α and IL-1β in intervertebral disc degeneration[J]. Eur Cell Mater. 30:104–116. discussion 116-7 doi:10.22203/eCM.v030a08.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Y, Che M, Xin J et al. The role of IL-1β and TNF-α in intervertebral disc degeneration[J]. Biomed Pharmacother. 2020;131:110660.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• F HJ, Q ZX, L LJ et al. Sinapic Acid Inhibits IL-1β-Induced Apoptosis and Catabolism in Nucleus Pulposus Cells and Ameliorates Intervertebral Disk Degeneration[J]. J Inflamm Res. 2020;13:883–895.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao Z, Zheng J, Ye Y et al. 2020. MicroRNA‑25‑3p regulates human nucleus pulposus cell proliferation and apoptosis in intervertebral disc degeneration by targeting Bim[J]. Mol Med Rep. 22(5):3621–3628. doi:10.3892/mmr.2020.11483.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zou L, Lei H, Shen J et al. 2020. HO-1 induced autophagy protects against IL-1 β-mediated apoptosis in human nucleus pulposus cells by inhibiting NF-κB[J]. Aging (Albany NY). 12(3):2440–2452. doi:10.18632/aging.102753.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yang M, Peng Y, Liu W et al. 2019. Sirtuin 2 expression suppresses oxidative stress and senescence of nucleus pulposus cells through inhibition of the p53/p21 pathway[J]. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 513(3):616–622. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.03.200.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• C CC, Chen J, L WW et al. 2021. Inhibition of the P53/P21 Pathway Attenuates the Effects of Senescent Nucleus Pulposus Cell-Derived Exosomes on the Senescence of Nucleus Pulposus Cells[J]. Orthop Surg. 13(2):583–591. doi:10.1111/os.12886.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Z ZG, J DY, Q XQ et al. Sirtuins and intervertebral disc degeneration: Roles in inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial function[J]. Clin Chim Acta. 2020;508:33–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feng C, Liu H, Yang M et al. 2016. Disc cell senescence in intervertebral disc degeneration: causes and molecular pathways[J]. Cell Cycle. 15(13):1674–1684. doi:10.1080/15384101.2016.1152433.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J NE, O DB, M SI et al. p16(Ink4a) deletion in cells of the intervertebral disc affects their matrix homeostasis and senescence associated secretory phenotype without altering onset of senescence[J]. Matrix Biol. 2019;82:54–70.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang J, Huang C, Lin Z et al. 2018. Polydatin suppresses nucleus pulposus cell senescence, promotes matrix homeostasis and attenuates intervertebral disc degeneration in rats[J]. J Cell Mol Med. 22(11):5720–5731. doi:10.1111/jcmm.13848.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang D, He X, Wang D et al. Quercetin Suppresses Apoptosis and Attenuates Intervertebral Disc Degeneration via the SIRT1-Autophagy Pathway[J]. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2020;8:613006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mirzayans R, Murray D. 2020. Do TUNEL and Other Apoptosis Assays Detect Cell Death in Preclinical Studies?[J]. Int J Mol Sci. 21(23):9090. doi:10.3390/ijms21239090.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu W, Jin S, Huang M et al. Duhuo jisheng decoction suppresses matrix degradation and apoptosis in human nucleus pulposus cells and ameliorates disc degeneration in a rat model[J]. J Ethnopharmacol. 2020;250:112494.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma Z, Lu Y, Yang F et al. Rosmarinic acid exerts a neuroprotective effect on spinal cord injury by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation via modulating the Nrf2/HO-1 and TLR4/NF-κB pathways[J]. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2020;397:115014.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ding F, W SZ, H YS et al. 2012. Role of mitochondrial pathway in compression-induced apoptosis of nucleus pulposus cells[J]. Apoptosis. 17(6):579–590. doi:10.1007/s10495-012-0708-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang K, Chen X, Chen Y et al. 2020. Grape seed procyanidins suppress the apoptosis and senescence of chondrocytes and ameliorates osteoarthritis via the DPP4-Sirt1 pathway[J]. Food Funct. 11(12):10493–10505. doi:10.1039/D0FO01377C.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang K, Chen T, Ying X et al. Ligustilide alleviated IL-1β induced apoptosis and extracellular matrix degradation of nucleus pulposus cells and attenuates intervertebral disc degeneration in vivo[J]. Int Immunopharmacol. 2019;69:398–407.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu D, Jin H, Wen J et al. Hydrogen sulfide protects against endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial injury in nucleus pulposus cells and ameliorates intervertebral disc degeneration[J]. Pharmacol Res. 2017;117:357–369.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J YM, I MK, Angelini L et al. Mouse Models of Accelerated Cellular Senescence[J]. Methods Mol Biol. 2019;1896:203–230.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kamal N S M, Safuan S, Shamsuddin S et al. 2020. Aging of the cells: insight into cellular senescence and detection Methods[J]. Eur J Cell Biol. 99(6):151108. doi:10.1016/j.ejcb.2020.151108.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang Y, Yang B, Wang J et al. 2020. Cell Senescence: a Nonnegligible Cell State under Survival Stress in Pathology of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration[J]. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 9503562. doi:10.1155/2020/9503562.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li P, Gan Y, Xu Y et al. 2017. 17beta-estradiol Attenuates TNF-α-Induced Premature Senescence of Nucleus Pulposus Cells through Regulating the ROS/NF-κB Pathway[J]. Int J Biol Sci. 13(2):145–156. doi:10.7150/ijbs.16770.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ding J, Zhang R, Li H et al. 2021. ASIC1 and ASIC3 mediate cellular senescence of human nucleus pulposus mesenchymal stem cells during intervertebral disc degeneration[J]. Aging (Albany NY). 13(7):10703–10723. doi:10.18632/aging.202850.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Roberts S, H EE, Kletsas D et al. 2006. Senescence in human intervertebral discs[J]. Eur Spine J. 15(Suppl 3):S312–6. doi:10.1007/s00586-006-0126-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• E GH, A IJ, J NH et al. 2007. Senescence in cells of the aging and degenerating intervertebral disc: immunolocalization of senescence-associated beta-galactosidase in human and sand rat discs[J]. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 32(3):321–327. doi:10.1097/01.brs.0000253960.57051.de.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• W KK, N CH, Y HK et al. 2009. Senescence mechanisms of nucleus pulposus chondrocytes in human intervertebral discs[J]. Spine J. 9(8):658–666. doi:10.1016/j.spinee.2009.04.018.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang N, Dong Y, Chen C et al. Anisodamine Maintains the Stability of Intervertebral Disc Tissue by Inhibiting the Senescence of Nucleus Pulposus Cells and Degradation of Extracellular Matrix via Interleukin-6/Janus Kinases/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 Pathway[J]. Front Pharmacol. 2020;11:519172.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang D, Peng Y, Ma K et al. Puerarin Relieved Compression-Induced Apoptosis and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Human Nucleus Pulposus Mesenchymal Stem Cells via the PI3K/Akt Pathway[J]. Stem Cells Int. 2020;2020:7126914.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang Y, Xie Z, Yu J et al. 2019. Resveratrol inhibits IL-1β-mediated nucleus pulposus cell apoptosis through regulating the PI3K/Akt pathway[J]. Biosci Rep. 39(3). doi:10.1042/BSR20190043.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krupkova O, Handa J, Hlavna M et al. The Natural Polyphenol Epigallocatechin Gallate Protects Intervertebral Disc Cells from Oxidative Stress[J]. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2016;2016:7031397.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar