169
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Effect of simvastatin on osteogenesis of the extremity bones in aging rats

, , , , &
Pages 64-74 | Received 13 Apr 2022, Accepted 22 Jun 2022, Published online: 11 Jul 2022

References

  • Reginster JY, Burlet N. Osteoporosis: a still increasing prevalence. Bone. 2006;38(2 Suppl 1):S4–9. doi:10.1016/j.bone.2005.11.024.
  • Overton TR, Basu TK. Longitudinal changes in radial bone density in older men. Eur J Clin Nutr. 1999;53(3):211–215. doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600703.
  • Ozgocmen S, Kaya H, Fadillioglu E, Aydogan R, Yilmaz Z. Role of antioxidant systems, lipid peroxidation, and nitric oxide in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Mol Cell Biochem. 2007;295(1–2):45–52. doi:10.1007/s11010-006-9270-z.
  • Meier CR, Schlienger RG, Kraenzlin ME, Schlegel B, Jick H. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors and the risk of fractures. Jama. 2000;283(24):3205–3210. doi:10.1001/jama.283.24.3205.
  • Wang PS, Solomon DH, Mogun H, Avorn J. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors and the risk of hip fractures in elderly patients. Jama. 2000;283(24):3211–3216. doi:10.1001/jama.283.24.3211.
  • Mundy G, Garrett R, Harris S, Chan J, Chen D, Rossini G, Boyce B, Zhao M, Gutierrez G. Stimulation of bone formation in vitro and in rodents by statins. Science. 1999;286(5446):1946–1949. doi:10.1126/science.286.5446.1946.
  • Liu M, Wang K, Tang T, Dai K, Zhu Z. The effect of simvastatin on the differentiation of marrow stromal cells from aging rats. Pharmazie. 2009;64(1):43–48.
  • Feng C, Xiao L, Yu JC, Li DY, Tang TY, Liao W, Wang ZR, Lu AQ. Simvastatin promotes osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells in rat model of osteoporosis through BMP-2/Smads signaling pathway. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2020;24(1):434–443. doi:10.26355/eurrev_202001_19943.
  • Oryan A, Kamali A Moshiri A. Potential mechanisms and applications of statins on osteogenesis: current modalities, conflicts and future directions. J Control Release. 2015;215(12):12–24. doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.07.022.
  • Song C, Guo Z, Ma Q, Chen Z, Liu Z, Jia H, Dang G. Simvastatin induces osteoblastic differentiation and inhibits adipocytic differentiation in mouse bone marrow stromal cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2003;308(3):458–462. doi:10.1016/S0006-291X(03)01408-6.
  • Sugiyama M, Kodama T, Konishi K, Abe K, Asami S, Oikawa S. Compactin and simvastatin, but not pravastatin, induce bone morphogenetic protein-2 in human osteosarcoma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2000;271(3):688–692. doi:10.1006/bbrc.2000.2697.
  • Maeda T, Matsunuma A, Kawane T, Horiuchi N. Simvastatin promotes osteoblast differentiation and mineralization in MC3T3-E1 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2001;280(3):874–877. doi:10.1006/bbrc.2000.4232.
  • Maeda T, Kawane T, Horiuchi N. Statins augment vascular endothelial growth factor expression in osteoblastic cells via inhibition of protein prenylation. Endocrinology. 2003;144(2):681–692. doi:10.1210/en.2002-220682.
  • Maeda T, Matsunuma A, Kurahashi I, Yanagawa T, Yoshida H, Horiuchi N. Induction of osteoblast differentiation indices by statins in MC3T3-E1 cells. J Cell Biochem. 2004;92(3):458–471. doi:10.1002/jcb.20074.
  • Weivoda MM, Hohl RJ. Effects of farnesyl pyrophosphate accumulation on calvarial osteoblast differentiation. Endocrinology. 2011;152(8):3113–3122. doi:10.1210/en.2011-0016.
  • Zhong X, Xiu LL, Wei GH, Liu YY, Su L, Cao XP, Li YB, Xiao HP. Bezafibrate enhances proliferation and differentiation of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells via AMPK and eNOS activation. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2011;32(5):591–600. doi:10.1038/aps.2011.15.
  • Kaji H, Naito J, Inoue Y, Sowa H, Sugimoto T, Chihara K. Statin suppresses apoptosis in osteoblastic cells: role of transforming growth factor-beta-Smad3 pathway. Horm Metab Res. 2008;40(11):746–751. doi:10.1055/s-0028-1082051.
  • Moshiri A, Sharifi AM, Oryan A. Role of simvastatin on fracture healing and osteoporosis: a systematic review on in vivo investigations. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2016;43(7):659–684. doi:10.1111/1440-1681.12577.
  • Song C, Wang J, Song Q, Li X, Chen Z, Ma Q, Liu Z, Jia H, Dang G. Simvastatin induces estrogen receptor-alpha (ER-alpha) in murine bone marrow stromal cells. J Bone Miner Metab. 2008;26(3):213–217. doi:10.1007/s00774-007-0820-6.
  • Tera Tde M, Prado RF, De Marco AC, Santamaria MP, Jardini MA. The RANK/ RANKL/ OPG interaction in the repair of autogenous bone grafts in female rats with estrogen deficiency. Braz Oral Res. 2014;28(28). doi:10.1590/1807-3107bor-2014.vol28.0054.
  • Kim JY, Lee EY, Lee EB, Lee YJ, Yoo HJ, Choi J, Song YW. Atorvastatin inhibits osteoclastogenesis by decreasing the expression of RANKL in the synoviocytes of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2012;14(4):R187. doi:10.1186/ar4018.
  • Arriero Mdel M, Ramis JM, Perello J, Monjo M. Inositol hexakisphosphate inhibits osteoclastogenesis on raw 264.7 cells and human primary osteoclasts. PLoS One. 2012;7(8):e43187. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0043187.
  • Oxlund H, Andreassen TT. Simvastatin treatment partially prevents ovariectomy-induced bone loss while increasing cortical bone formation. Bone. 2004;34(4):609–618. doi:10.1016/j.bone.2003.12.014.
  • Yao W, Farmer R, Cooper R, Chmielewski PA, Tian XY, Setterberg RB, Jee WS, Lundy MW. Simvastatin did not prevent nor restore ovariectomy-induced bone loss in adult rats. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact. 2006;6(3):277–283.
  • Rizzo M, Rini GB. Statins, fracture risk, and bone remodeling: what is true? Am J Med Sci. 2006;332(2):55–60. doi:10.1097/00000441-200608000-00001.
  • Dai L, Xu M, Wu H, Xue L, Yuan D, Wang Y, Shen Z, Zhao H, Hu M. The functional mechanism of simvastatin in experimental osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Metab. 2016;34(1):23–32. doi:10.1007/s00774-014-0638-y.
  • Yin H, Shi ZG, Yu YS, Hu J, Wang R, Luan ZP, Guo DH. Protection against osteoporosis by statins is linked to a reduction of oxidative stress and restoration of nitric oxide formation in aged and ovariectomized rats. Eur J Pharmacol. 2012;674(2–3):200–206. doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.11.024.
  • Canalis E, Giustina A, Bilezikian JP. Mechanisms of anabolic therapies for osteoporosis. N Engl J Med. 2007;357(9):905–916. doi:10.1056/NEJMra067395.
  • Kalu DN. The ovariectomized rat model of postmenopausal bone loss. Bone Miner. 1991;15(3):175–191. doi:10.1016/0169-6009(91)90124-I.
  • Kalu DN, Liu CC, Hardin RR, Hollis BW. The aged rat model of ovarian hormone deficiency bone loss. Endocrinology. 1989;124(1):7–16. doi:10.1210/endo-124-1-7.
  • Wang L, Banu J, McMahan CA, Kalu DN. Male rodent model of age-related bone loss in men. Bone. 2001;29(2):141–148. doi:10.1016/S8756-3282(01)00483-5.
  • Banu J, Kalu DN. Effects of cerivastatin and parathyroid hormone on the lumbar vertebra of aging male Sprague-Dawley rats. Bone. 2002;31(1):173–179. doi:10.1016/S8756-3282(02)00803-7.
  • Ke HZ, Qi H, Chidsey-Frink KL, Crawford DT, Thompson DD. Lasofoxifene (CP-336,156) protects against the age-related changes in bone mass, bone strength, and total serum cholesterol in intact aged male rats. J Bone Miner Res. 2001;16(4):765–773. doi:10.1359/jbmr.2001.16.4.765.
  • Zeng JH, Zhong ZM, Li XD, Wu Q, Zheng S, Zhou J, Ye WB, Xie F, Wu XH, Huang ZP, Chen J-T. Advanced oxidation protein products accelerate bone deterioration in aged rats. Exp Gerontol. 2014;50(64–71):64–71. doi:10.1016/j.exger.2013.11.014.
  • Ajdzanovi VZ, Sosi-Jurjevi BT, Filipovi BR, Trifunovi SL, Brkic DD, Sekuli MI, Milosevi V. Genistein affects the morphology of pituitary ACTH cells and decreases circulating levels of ACTH and corticosterone in middle-aged male rats. Biol Res. 2009;42(1):13–23.
  • Illingworth DR, Tobert JA. A review of clinical trials comparing HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. Clin Ther. 1994;16(3):366–385. discussion 365.
  • Krause BR, Newton RS. Lipid-Lowering activity of atorvastatin and lovastatin in rodent species: triglyceride-lowering in rats correlates with efficacy in LDL animal models. Atherosclerosis. 1995;117(2):237–244. doi:10.1016/0021-9150(95)05576-I.
  • Hong H, Kim EK, Lee JS. Effects of calcium intake, milk and dairy product intake, and blood vitamin D level on osteoporosis risk in Korean adults: analysis of the 2008 and 2009 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Nutr Res Pract. 2013;7(5):409–417. doi:10.4162/nrp.2013.7.5.409.
  • Avenell A, Mak JC, and O’Connell D. Vitamin D and vitamin D analogues for preventing fractures in post-menopausal women and older men. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014(4):CD000227. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000227.pub4.
  • Fenton TR, Lyon AW, Eliasziw M, Tough SC, Hanley DA. Phosphate decreases urine calcium and increases calcium balance: a meta-analysis of the osteoporosis acid-ash diet hypothesis. Nutr J. 2009;8(41). doi:10.1186/1475-2891-8-41.
  • Bruyere O, Reginster JY. Monitoring of osteoporosis therapy. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014;28(6):835–841. doi:10.1016/j.beem.2014.07.001.
  • Hlaing TT, Compston JE. Biochemical markers of bone turnover – uses and limitations. Ann Clin Biochem. 2014;51(2):189–202. doi:10.1177/0004563213515190.
  • Hannon RA, Clowes JA, Eagleton AC, Al Hadari A, Eastell R, Blumsohn A. Clinical performance of immunoreactive tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase isoform 5b as a marker of bone resorption. Bone. 2004;34(1):187–194. doi:10.1016/j.bone.2003.04.002.
  • Akune T, Ohba S, Kamekura S, Yamaguchi M, Chung UI, Kubota N, Terauchi Y, Harada Y, Azuma Y, Nakamura K, Kadowaki T, Kawaguchi H. Ppargamma insufficiency enhances osteogenesis through osteoblast formation from bone marrow progenitors. J Clin Invest. 2004;113(6):846–855. doi:10.1172/JCI200419900.
  • Rosen CJ, Ackert-Bicknell C, Rodriguez JP, Pino AM. Marrow fat and the bone microenvironment: developmental, functional, and pathological implications. Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr. 2009;19(2):109–124. doi:10.1615/CritRevEukarGeneExpr.v19.i2.20.
  • Pino AM, Rios S, Astudillo P, Fernandez M, Figueroa P, Seitz G, Rodriguez JP. Concentration of adipogenic and proinflammatory cytokines in the bone marrow supernatant fluid of osteoporotic women. J Bone Miner Res. 2010;25(3):492–498. doi:10.1359/jbmr.090802.
  • Omatsu Y, Sugiyama T, Kohara H, Kondoh G, Fujii N, Kohno K, Nagasawa T. The essential functions of adipo-osteogenic progenitors as the hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell niche. Immunity. 2010;33(3):387–399. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2010.08.017.
  • Rozman C, Feliu E, Berga L, Reverter JC, Climent C, Ferran MJ. Age-related variations of fat tissue fraction in normal human bone marrow depend both on size and number of adipocytes: a stereological study. Exp Hematol. 1989;17(1):34–37.
  • Kirkland JL, Tchkonia T, Pirtskhalava T, Han J, Karagiannides I. Adipogenesis and aging: does aging make fat go mad? Exp Gerontol. 2002;37(6):757–767. doi:10.1016/S0531-5565(02)00014-1.
  • Duque G, Macoritto M, Kremer R. Vitamin D treatment of senescence accelerated mice (SAM-P/6) induces several regulators of stromal cell plasticity. Biogerontology. 2004;5(6):421–429. doi:10.1007/s10522-004-3192-5.
  • Fujita T, Fujii Y, Goto B. Measurement of forearm bone in children by peripheral computed tomography. Calcif Tissue Int. 1999;64(1):34–39. doi:10.1007/s002239900575.
  • Gasser JA. Assessing bone quantity by pQCT. Bone. 1995;17(4 Suppl):145S–154S. doi:10.1016/8756-3282(95)00287-N.
  • Turner CH. Biomechanics of bone: determinants of skeletal fragility and bone quality. Osteoporos Int. 2002;13(2):97–104. doi:10.1007/s001980200000.
  • Bouxsein ML, Seeman E. Quantifying the material and structural determinants of bone strength. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2009;23(6):741–753. doi:10.1016/j.berh.2009.09.008.
  • Maritz FJ, Conradie MM, Hulley PA, Gopal R, Hough S. Effect of statins on bone mineral density and bone histomorphometry in rodents. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2001;21(10):1636–1641. doi:10.1161/hq1001.097781.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.