74
Views
4
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Invited Articles

How to combine the molecular profile with the clinicopathological profile of urothelial neoplastic lesions

Pages 175-184 | Received 24 Apr 2008, Published online: 31 Mar 2010

References

  • Mostofi F. Histological typing of urinary bladder tumours. International classification of tumours. World Health Organization, Geneva 1973; 19
  • Epstein JI, Amin MB, Reuter VR, Mostofi FK. The World Health Organization/International Society of Urological Pathology consensus classification of urothelial (transitional cell) neoplasms of the urinary bladder. Bladder Consensus Conference Committee. Am J Surg Pathol 1998; 22: 1435–48
  • Sauter G. Non-invasive urothelial tumours. World Health Organization Classification of tumours, pathology and genetics, tumours of the urinary system and male genital organs. IARC Press, Lyon 2004
  • Cappellen D, De Oliveira C, Ricol D, de Medina S, Bourdin J, Sastre-Garau X, et al. Frequent activating mutations of FGFR3 in human bladder and cervix carcinomas. Nat Genet 1999; 23: 18–20
  • Dyrskjot L. Identifying distinct classes of bladder carcinoma using microarrays. Nat Genet 2003; 33: 90–96
  • van Rhijn BW, Montironi R, Zwarthoff EC, Jobsis AC, van der Kwast TH. Frequent FGFR3 mutations in urothelial papilloma. J Pathol 2002; 198: 245–51
  • Chow NH, Cairns P, Eisenberger CF, Schoenberg MP, Taylor DC, Epstein JI, et al. Papillary urothelial hyperplasia is a clonal precursors to papillary transitional cell bladder cancer. Int J Cancer 2000; 89: 514–8
  • Amin MB, Gomez JA, Young RH. Urothelial transitional cell carcinoma with endophytic growth patterns: a discussion of patterns of invasion and problems associated with assessment of invasion in 18 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 1997; 21: 1057–68
  • Eiber M, van Oers JM, Zwarthoff EC, van der Kwast TH, Ulrich O, Helpap B, et al. Low frequency of molecular changes and tumor recurrence in inverted papillomas of the urinary tract. Am J Surg Pathol 2007; 31: 938–46
  • Sung MT, Eble JN, Wang M, Tan PH, Lopez-Beltran A, Cheng L. Inverted papilloma of the urinary bladder: a molecular genetic appraisal. Mod Pathol 2006; 19: 1289–94
  • Samaratunga H, Makarov DV, Epstein JI. Comparison of WHO/ISUP and WHO classification of noninvasive papillary urothelial neoplasms for risk of progression. Urology 2002; 60: 315–9
  • Jones TD, Cheng L. Papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential: evolving terminology and concepts. J Urol 2006; 175: 1995–2003
  • Cheng L, MacLennan GT, Zhang S, Wang M, Pan CX, Koch MO. Laser capture microdissection analysis reveals frequent allelic losses in papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential of the urinary bladder. Cancer 2004; 101: 183–8
  • Frigerio S, Padberg BC, Strebel RT, Lenggenhager DM, Messthaler A, Abdou MT, et al. Improved detection of bladder carcinoma cells in voided urine by standardized microsatellite analysis. Int J Cancer 2007; 121: 329–38
  • Alsheikh A, Mohamedali Z, Jones E, Masterson J, Gilks CB. Comparison of the WHO/ISUP classification and cytokeratin 20 expression in predicting the behavior of low-grade papillary urothelial tumors. World/Health Organization/International Society of Urologic Pathology. Mod Pathol 2001; 14: 267–72
  • Montironi R, Lopez-Beltran A, Mazzucchelli R, Bostwick DG. Classification and grading of the non-invasive urothelial neoplasms: recent advances and controversies. J Clin Pathol 2003; 56: 91–5
  • Cina SJ, Lancaster-Weiss KJ, Lecksell K, Epstein JI. Correlation of Ki-67 and p53 with the new World Health Organization/International Society of Urological Pathology classification system for urothelial neoplasia. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2001; 125: 646–51
  • Dyrskjot L, Zieger K, Real FX, Malats N, Carrato A, Hurst C, et al. Gene expression signatures predict outcome in non-muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma: a multicenter validation study. Clin Cancer Res 2007; 13: 3545–51
  • Taylor DC, Bhagavan BS, Larsen MP, Cox JA, Epstein JI. Papillary urothelial hyperplasia. A precursor to papillary neoplasms. Am J Surg Pathol 1996; 20: 1481–8
  • Lopez-Beltran A, Cheng L, Andersson L, Brausi M, de Matteis A, Montironi R, et al. Preneoplastic non-papillary lesions and conditions of the urinary bladder: an update based on the Ancona International Consultation. Virchows Arch 2002; 440: 3–11
  • Cheng L, Cheville JC, Neumann RM, Bostwick DG. Flat intraepithelial lesions of the urinary bladder. Cancer 2000; 88: 625–31
  • Obermann EC, Junker K, Stoehr R, Dietmaier W, Zaak D, Schubert J, et al. Frequent genetic alterations in flat urothelial hyperplasias and concomitant papillary bladder cancer as detected by CGH, LOH, and FISH analyses. J Pathol 2003; 199: 50–7
  • Van Oers JM, Adam C, Denzinger S, Stoehr R, Bertz S, Zaak D, et al. Chromosome 9 deletions are more frequent than FGFR3 mutations in flat urothelial hyperplasias of the bladder. Int J Cancer 2006; 119: 1212–5
  • Zuk RJ, Rogers HS, Martin JE, Baithun SI. Clinicopathological importance of primary dysplasia of bladder. J Clin Pathol 1988; 41: 1277–80
  • Wolf H, Højgaard K. Urothelial dysplasia in random mucosal biopsies from patients with bladder cancer. Scand J Urol Nephrol 1980; 141:14: 37–41
  • Mallofre C, Castillo M, Morente V, Solé M. Immunohistochemical expression of CK20, p53, and Ki-67 as objective markers of urothelial dysplasia. Mod Pathol 2003; 16: 187–91
  • Hartmann A, Schlake G, Zaak D, Hungerhuber E, Hofstetter A, Hofstaedter F, Knuechel R. Occurrence of chromosome 9 and p53 alterations in multifocal dysplasia and carcinoma in situ of human urinary bladder. Cancer Res 2002; 62: 809–18
  • Billerey C, Chopin D, Aubriot-Lorton MH, Ricol D, Gil Diez de Medina S, Van Rhijn B, et al. Frequent FGFR3 mutations in papillary non-invasive bladder (pTa) tumors. Am J Pathol 2001; 158: 1955–9
  • Hopman AH, Kamps MA, Speel EJ, Schapers RF, Sauter G, Ramaekers FC. Identification of chromosome 9 alterations and p53 accumulation in isolated carcinoma in situ of the urinary bladder versus carcinoma in situ associated with carcinoma. Am J Pathol 2002; 161: 1119–25
  • Dyrskjøt L, Kruhøffer M, Thykjaer T, Marcussen N, Jensen JL, Møller K, Ørntoft TF. Gene expression in the urinary bladder: a common carcinoma in situ gene expression signature exists disregarding histopathological classification. Cancer Res 2004; 64: 4040–8
  • Sun W, Herrera GA. E-cadherin expression in urothelial carcinoma in situ, superficial papillary transitional cell carcinoma, and invasive transitional cell carcinoma. Hum Pathol 2002; 33: 996–1000
  • Dhawan D, Hamdy FC, Rehman I, Patterson J, Cross SS, Feeley KM, et al. Evidence for the early onset of aberrant promoter methylation in urothelial carcinoma. J Pathol 2006; 209: 336–43
  • Holmang S, Andius P, Hedelin H, Wester K, Busch C, Johansson SL. Stage progression in Ta papillary urothelial tumors: relationship to grade, immunohistochemical expression of tumor markers, mitotic frequency and DNA ploidy. J Urol 2001; 165: 1124–8
  • Burger M, van der Aa MN, van Oers JM, Brinkmann A, van der Kwast TH, Steyerberg EC, , et al Prediction of progression of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer by WHO 1973 and 2004 grading and by FGFR3 mutation status: a prospective study. Eur Urol 2007; Dec 26 [e-pub ahead of print].
  • Sylvester RJ, van der Meijden AP, Oosterlinck W, Witjes JA, Bouffioux C, Denis L, et al. Predicting recurrence and progression in individual patients with stage Ta T1 bladder cancer using EORTC risk tables: a combined analysis of 2596 patients from seven EORTC trials. Eur Urol 2006; 49: 466–75
  • Zieger K, Dyrskjot L, Wiuf C, Jensen JL, Andersen CL, Jensen KM, et al. Role of activating fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 mutations in the development of bladder tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2005; 11: 7709–19
  • Bakkar AA, Wallerand H, Radvanyi F, Lahaye JB, Pissard S, Lecerf L, et al. FGFR3 and TP53 gene mutations define two distinct pathways in urothelial cell carcinoma of the bladder. Cancer Res 2003; 63: 8108–12
  • Hernandez S, Lopez-Knowles E, Lloreta J, Kogevinas M, Jaramillo R, Amoros A, Real FX., et al. FGFR3 and Tp53 mutations in T1G3 transitional bladder carcinomas: independent distribution and lack of association with prognosis. Clin Cancer Res 2005; 11: 5444–50
  • Jebar AH, Hurst CD, Tomlinson DC, Johnston C, Taylor CF, Knowles MA. FGFR3 and Ras gene mutations are mutually exclusive genetic events in urothelial cell carcinoma. Oncogene 2005; 24: 5218–25
  • Knowles MA. Molecular subtypes of bladder cancer: Jekyll and Hyde or chalk and cheese?. Carcinogenesis 2006; 27: 361–73
  • Koed K, Wiuf C, Christensen LL, Wikman FP, Zieger K, Moller K, et al. High-density single nucleotide polymorphism array defines novel stage and location-dependent allelic imbalances in human bladder tumors. Cancer Res 2005; 65: 34–45
  • Blaveri E, Simko JP, Korkola JE, Brewer JL, Baehner F, Mehta K, et al. Bladder cancer outcome and subtype classification by gene expression. Clin Cancer Res 2005; 11: 4044–55
  • Van der Aa MN, van Leenders GJ, Steyerberg EW, van Rhijn BW, Jobsis AC, Zwarthoff EC, et al. A new system for substaging pT1 papillary bladder cancer: a prognostic evaluation. Hum Pathol 2005; 36: 981–6
  • Tomlinson DC, Baldo O, Harnden P, Knowles MA. FGFR3 protein expression and its relationship to mutation status and prognostic variables in bladder cancer. J Pathol 2007; 213: 91–8
  • van Rhijn BW, van der Kwast TH, Vis AN, Kirkels WJ, Boeve ER, Jobsis AC, Zwarthoff EC. FGFR3 and P53 characterize alternative genetic pathways in the pathogenesis of urothelial cell carcinoma. Cancer Res 2004; 64: 1911–4
  • Andius P. Prognostic factors in stage T1 bladder cancer: tumor pattern (solid and papillary) and vascular invasion more important than depth of invasion. J Urol 2007; 70: 758–62
  • Karam JA, Lotan Y, Karakiewicz PI, Ashfaq R, Sagalowsky AI, Roehrborn CG, Shariat SF. Use of combined apoptosis biomarkers for prediction of bladder cancer recurrence and mortality after radical cystectomy. Lancet Oncol 2007; 8: 128–36
  • Chatterjee SJ, Datar R, Youssefzadeh D, George B, Goebell PJ, Stein JP, et al. Combined effects of p53, p21, and pRb expression in the progression of bladder transitional cell carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2004; 22: 1007–13
  • Als AB, Dyrskjot L, von der Maase H, Koed K, Mansilla F, Toldbod HE, et al. Emmprin and survivin predict response and survival following cisplatin-containing chemotherapy in patients with advanced bladder cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2007; 13: 4407–14
  • Logie A, Dunois-Larde C, Rosty C, Levrel O, Blanche M, Ribeiro A, et al. Activating mutations of the tyrosine kinase receptor FGFR3 are associated with benign skin tumors in mice and humans. Hum Mol Genet 2005; 14: 1153–60
  • van Tilborg AA, de Vries A, de Bont M, Groenfeld LE, Van der Kwast TH, Zwarthoff EC. Molecular evolution of multiple recurrent cancers of the bladder. Hum Mol Genet 2000; 9: 2973–80
  • Spruck CH, III, Ohneseit PF, Gonzalez-Zulueta M, Esrig D, Miyao N, Tsai YC, et al. Two molecular pathways to transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Cancer Res 1994; 54: 784–8
  • Lindgren D, Liedberg F, Andersson A, Chebil G, Gudjonsson S, Borg A, et al. Molecular characterization of early-stage bladder carcinomas by expression profiles, FGFR3 mutation status, and loss of 9q. Oncogene 2006; 25: 2685–96
  • Harnden P. A critical appraisal of the classification of urothelial tumours: time for a review of the evidence and a radical change?. BJU Int 2007; 99: 723–5
  • Welin S, Youker J, Spratt JS, Jr. The rates and patterns of growth of 375 tumors of the large intestine and rectum observed serially by double contrast enema study (Malmoe technique). Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med 1963; 90: 673–87
  • Novelli MR, Williamson JA, Tomlinson IP, Elia G, Hodgson SV, Talbot IC, et al. Polyclonal origin of colonic adenomas in an XO/XY patient with FAP. Science 1996; 272: 1187–90
  • Murphy WM, Takezawa K, Maruniak NA. Interobserver discrepancy using the 1998 World Health Organization/International Society of Urologic Pathology classification of urothelial neoplasms: practical choices for patient care. J Urol 2002; 168: 968–72

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.