General practitioners’ knowledge, attitudes and views of providing preconception care: a qualitative investigation

References

• Atrash H, Jack BW, Johnson K. Preconception care: a 2008 update. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2008;20:581–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization [Internet]. WHO: Preconception care: Maximizing the gains for maternal and child health. Policy brief. c2013. Available from: http://www.who.int/maternal_child_adolescent/documents/preconception_care_policy_brief.pdf [cited 2016 Jul 6].
   Google Scholar
• Barker DJ. Mothers, babies, and health in later life. Elsevier Health Sciences; 1998.
   Google Scholar
• Ben-Shlomo Y, Kuh D. A life course approach to chronic disease epidemiology: conceptual models, empirical challenges and interdisciplinary perspectives. Int J Epidemiol. 2002;31:285–93.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gillman MW. Epidemiological challenges in studying the fetal origins of adult chronic disease. Int J Epidemiol. 2002;31:294–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gluckman PD, Hanson MA, Cooper C, Thornburg KL. Effect of in utero and early-life conditions on adult health and disease. N Engl J Med. 2008;359:61–73.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization [Internet]. WHO: Global action plan for the prevention and control of noncommunicable disease 2013–2020. c2013. Available from: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/94384/1/9789241506236_eng.pdf [cited 2016 Jul 6].
   Google Scholar
• National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) Preconception – advice and management [Internet]. Clinical knowledge summaries. NICE 2013. Available from: http://cks.nice.org.uk/pre-conception-advice-and-management#!topicsummary [cited 2016 Jul 6].
   Google Scholar
• Draycott T, Lewis G, Stephens I. Confidential enquiry executive summary. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 2011;118:12–21.
   Google Scholar
• Stephenson J, Patel D, Barrett G, Howden B, Copas A, Ojukwu O, et al. How do women prepare for pregnancy? Preconception experiences of women attending antenatal services and views of health professionals. PLoS One. 2014;9:e103085.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barrett G, Shawe J, Howden B, Patel D, Ojukwu O, Pandya P, et al. Why do women invest in pre-pregnancy health and care? A qualitative investigation with women attending maternity services. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2015;15:236.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neergaard MA, Olesen F, Andersen RS, Sondergaard J. Qualitative description—the poor cousin of health research? BMC Med Res Methodol. 2009;9:1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morse JM. Determining sample size. Qual Health Res. 2000;10:3–5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NVivo 10, QSR International. Available from: http://www.qsrinternational.com/products_nvivo.aspx [accessed 2016 Jul 6].
   Google Scholar
• Ritchie J, Lewis J, Nicholls CM, Ormston R, editors. Qualitative research practice: a guide for social science students and researchers. 2nd ed. London: Sage; 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Shawe J, Delbaere I, Ekstrand M, Hegaard HK, Larsson M, Mastroiacovo P, et al. Preconception care policy, guidelines, recommendations and services across six European countries: Belgium (Flanders), Denmark, Italy, the Netherlands, Sweden and the United Kingdom. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care. 2015;20:77–87.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tuomainen H, Cross-Bardell L, Bhoday M, Qureshi N, Kai J. Opportunities and challenges for enhancing preconception health in primary care: qualitative study with women from ethnically diverse communities. BMJ Open. 2013;3:e002977.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mazza D, Chapman A, Michie S. Barriers to the implementation of preconception care guidelines as perceived by general practitioners: a qualitative study. BMC Health Serv Res. 2013;13:1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mazza D, Chapman A. Improving the uptake of preconception care and periconceptional folate supplementation: what do women think? BMC Public Health. 2010;10:1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wallace M, Hurwitz B. Preconception care: who needs it, who wants it, and how should it be provided? Br J Gen Pract. 1998;48:963–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis GH. Saving mothers’ lives: reviewing maternal deaths to make motherhood safer: 2006–08. The Eighth Report on Confidential Enquiries into Maternal Deaths in the United Kingdom. BJOG. 2007;118(Suppl 1):1–203.
   Google Scholar
• NICE guidance on diabetes in pregnancy: management of diabetes and its complications from preconception to the postnatal period. NICE clinical guideline 3. c2015. Available from: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng3 [accessed July 6, 2016].
   Google Scholar
• NICE guidance on epilepsies diagnosis and management. NICE clinical guideline CG137 c2012. Available from: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg137 [accessed July 6, 2016].
   Google Scholar
• Cheng D, Schwarz EB, Douglas E, Horon I. Unintended pregnancy and associated maternal preconception, prenatal and postpartum behaviors. Contraception. 2009;79:194–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dott M, Rasmussen SA, Hogue CJ, Reefhuis J. Association between pregnancy intention and reproductive-health related behaviors before and after pregnancy recognition, National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997–2002. Matern Child Health. 2010;14:373–81.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCrory C, McNally S. The effect of pregnancy intention on maternal prenatal behaviours and parent and child health: results of an Irish cohort study. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2013;27:208–15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Temel S, van Voorst SF, Jack BW, Denktaş S, Steegers EA. Evidence-based preconceptional lifestyle interventions. Epidemiol Rev. 2014;36:19–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Czeizel AE. Ten years of experience in periconceptional care. Eur J Obstet Gynaecol Reprod Biol. 1999;84:43–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moos MK, Bangdiwala SI, Meibohm AR, Cefalo RC. The impact of a preconceptional health promotion program on intendedness of pregnancy. Am J Perinatol. 1996;13:103–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Curtis M, Abelman S, Schulkin J, Williams JL, Fassett EM. Do we practice what we preach? A review of actual clinical practice with regards to preconception care guidelines. Matern Child Health. 2006;10:53–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elsinga J, Van der Pal-de Bruin KM, Le Cessie S, de Jong-Potjer LC, Verloove-Vanhorick SP, Assendelft WJ. Preconception counselling initiated by general practitioners in the Netherlands: reaching couples contemplating pregnancy [ISRCTN53942912]. BMC Fam Pract. 2006;7:1.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• van Voorst SF, Vos AA, de Jong-Potjer LC, Waelput AJ, Steegers EA, Denktas S. Effectiveness of general preconception care accompanied by a recruitment approach: protocol of a community-based cohort study (the Healthy Pregnancy 4 All study). BMJ Open. 2015;5:e006284.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shannon GD, Alberg C, Nacul L, Pashayan N. Preconception healthcare delivery at a population level: construction of public health models of preconception care. Matern Child Health. 2014;18:1512–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frey KA, Engle R, Noble B. Preconception healthcare: what do men know and believe? J Mens Health. 2012;9:25–35.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell EW, Levis DM, Prue CE. Preconception health: awareness, planning, and communication among a sample of US men and women. Matern Child Health. 2012;16:31–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sternberg P, Hubley J. Evaluating men’s involvement as a strategy in sexual and reproductive health promotion. Health Promot Int. 2004;19:389–96.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choiriyyah I, Sonenstein FL, Astone NM, Pleck JH, Dariotis JK, Marcell AV. Men aged 15–44 in need of preconception care. Matern Child Health. 2015;19:2358–65.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moss JL, Harris KM. Impact of maternal and paternal preconception health on birth outcomes using prospective couples’ data in Add Health. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2015;291:287–98.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van der Zee B, de Wert G, Steegers EA, de Beaufort ID. Ethical aspects of paternal preconception lifestyle modification. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2013;209:11–16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frey KA, Navarro SM, Kotelchuck M, Lu MC. The clinical content of preconception care: preconception care for men. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2008;199:S389–S95.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agbaje IM, Rogers DA, McVicar CM, McClure N, Atkinson AB, Mallidis C, et al. Insulin dependant diabetes mellitus: implications for male reproductive function. Hum Reprod. 2007;22:1871–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jensen TK, Bonde JP, Joffe M. The influence of occupational exposure on male reproductive function. Occup Med. 2006;56:544–53.
   Google Scholar
• Jack BW, Culpepper L, Babcock J, Kogan MD, Weismiller D. Addressing preconception risks identified at the time of a negative pregnancy test. J Fam Pract. 1998;47:33–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell SM, Reeves D, Kontopantelis E, Sibbald B, Roland M. Effects of pay for performance on the quality of primary care in England. N Engl J Med. 2009;361:368–78.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coleman T, Wynn AT, Stevenson K, Cheater F. Qualitative study of pilot payment aimed at increasing general practitioners’ antismoking advice to smokers. BMJ. 2001;323:432.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mortagy I, Kielmann K, Baldeweg SE, Modder J, Pierce MB. Integrating preconception care for women with diabetes into primary care: a qualitative study. Br J Gen Pract. 2010;60:815–21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar