References
- Haskard D. O. Accelerated atherosclerosis in inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Scand J Rheumatol 2004; 3: 281–92
- Wallberg‐Jonsson S., Ohman M., Rantapaa‐Dahlqvist S. Which factors are related to the presence of atherosclerosis in rheumatoid arthritis?. Scand J Rheumatol 2004; 33: 373–9
- Marai I., Zandman‐Goddard G., Schoenfield Y. The systemic nature of the antiphospholipid syndrome. Scand J Rheumatol 2004; 33: 365–72
- Manzi S., Meilahn E. N., Rairie J. E., Conte C. G., Medsger T. A Jr., Jansen‐McWilliams L., et al. Age‐specific incidence rates of myocardial infarction and angina in women with systemic lupus erythematosus: comparison with the Framingham Study. Am J Epidemiol 1997; 145: 408–15
- Bruce I. N., Gladman D. D., Urowitz M. B. Premature atherosclerosis in systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2000; 26: 257–78
- Manzi S., Selzer F., Sutton‐Tyrrell K., Fitzgerald S. G., Rairie J. E., Tracy R. P., et al. Prevalence and risk factors of carotid plaque in women with systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 1999; 42: 51–60
- Roman M. J., Shanker B. A., Davis A., Lockshin M. D., Sammaritano L., Simantov R., et al. Prevalence and correlates of accelerated atherosclerosis in systemic lupus erythematosus. New Engl J Med 2003; 349: 2399–406
- Svenungsson E., Jensen‐Urstad K., Heimburger M., Silveira A., Hamsten A., de Faire U., et al. Risk factors for cardiovascular disease in systemic lupus erythematosus. Circulation 2001; 104: 1887–93
- Jimenez S., Garcia‐Criado M. A., Tassies D., Reverter J. C., Cervera R., Gilabert M. R., et al. Preclinical vascular disease in systemic lupus erythematosus and primary antiphospholipid syndrome. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2005; 44: 756–61
- Misra A., Vikram N. K. Insulin resistance syndrome (metabolic syndrome) and obesity in Asian Indians: evidence and implications. Nutrition 2004; 20: 482–91
- Misra A., Vikram N. K. Insulin resistance syndrome (metabolic syndrome) and Asian Indians. Curr Sci 2002; 83: 1483–96
- Hochberg M. C. Updating the American College of Rheumatology revised criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 1997; 40: 1725
- Gladman D. D., Ginzler E., Goldsmith C., Fortin P., Liang M., Urowitz M., et al. The development and initial validation of the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology damage index for systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 1996; 39: 363–9
- Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. Executive Summary of The Third Report of The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). J Am Med Assoc 2001; 285: 2486–97
- Urowitz M. B., Bookman A. A., Koehler B. E., Gordon D. A., Smythe H. A., Ogryzlo M. A. The bimodal mortality pattern of systemic lupus erythematosus. Am J Med 1976; 60: 221–5
- Petri M. Detection of coronary artery disease and the role of traditional risk factors in the Hopkins Lupus Cohort. Lupus 2000; 9: 170–5
- Ilowite N. L. Premature atherosclerosis in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Rheumatol 2000; 27((Suppl 58))15–19
- Al‐Herz A., Ensworth S., Shojania K., Esdaile J. M. Cardiovascular risk factor screening in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Rheumatol 2003; 30: 493–6
- Badui E., Garcia‐Rubi D., Robles E., Jimenez J., Juan L., Deleze M., et al. Cardiovascular manifestations in systemic lupus erythematosus. Prospective study of 100 patients. Angiology 1985; 36: 431–41
- Hosenpud J. D., Montanaro A., Hart M. V., Haines J. E., Specht H. D., Bennett R. M., et al. Myocardial perfusion abnormalities in asymptomatic patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Am J Med 1984; 77: 286–92
- Bruce I. N., Burns R. J., Gladman D. D., Urowitz M. B. Single photon emission computed tomography dual isotope myocardial perfusion imaging in women with systemic lupus erythematosus. I. Prevalence and distribution of abnormalities. J Rheumatol 2000; 27: 2372–7
- Asanuma Y., Oeser A., Shintani A. K., Turner E., Olsen N., Fazio S., et al. Premature coronary‐artery atherosclerosis in systemic lupus erythematosus. N Engl J Med 2003; 349: 2407–15
- Chambless L. E., Heiss G., Folsom A. R., Rosamond W., Szklo M., Sharrett A. R., et al. Association of coronary heart disease incidence with carotid arterial wall thickness and major risk factors: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study, 1987–1993. Am J Epidemiol 1997; 146: 483–94
- O'Leary D. H., Polak J. F., Kronmal R. A., Manolio T. A., Burke G. L., Wolfson SK J. r. Carotid‐artery intima and media thickness as a risk factor for myocardial infarction and stroke in older adults. Cardiovascular Health Study Collaborative Research Group. N Engl J Med 1999; 340: 14–22