Systemic lupus erythematosus-associated diffuse alveolar haemorrhage: a single-centre experience in Han Chinese patients

References

• Mittoo S, Fell CD. Pulmonary manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2014;35:249–54.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Osler W. On the visceral manifestations of the erythema exudativum mutiforme. Am J Med Sci 1895;110:629–46.
   Google Scholar
• Aguiar R, Araújo C, Martins-Coelho G, Isenberg D. Use of rituximab in systemic lupus erythematosus: a single center experience over 14 years. Arthritis Care Res 2017;69:257–62.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hahn BH, McMathon MA, Wilkinson A, Wallace WD, Daikh DI, Fitzgerald JD, et al. American college of rheumatology guidelines for screening, treatment, and management of lupus nephritis. Arthritis Care Res 2012;64:797–808.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bertsias GK, Tektonidou M, Amoura Z, Aringer M, Bajema I, Berden JH, et al. Joint European League Against Rheumatism and European Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association (EULAR/ERA-EDTA) recommendations for the management of adult and paediatric lupus nephritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2012;71:1771–82.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang CR, Liu MF. Rituximab usage in systemic lupus erythematosus-associated antiphospholipid syndrome: A single-center experience. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2016;46:102–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hochberg MC. Updating the American college of rheumatology revised criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 1997;40:1725.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barile LA, Jara LJ, Medina-Rodriguez F, García-Figueroa JL, Miranda-Limón JM. Pulmonary hemorrhage in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 1997;6:445–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koh WH, Thumboo J, Boey ML. Pulmonary haemorrhage in oriental patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 1997;6:713–16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zamora MR, Warner ML, Tuder R, Schwarz MI. Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage and systemic lupus erythematosus. Clinical presentation, histology, survival, and outcome. Medicine (Baltimore) 1997;76:192–202.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu MF, Lee JH, Weng TH, Lee YY. Clinical experience of 13 cases with severe pulmonary hemorrhage in systemic lupus erythematosus with active nephritis. Scand J Rheumatol 1998;27:291–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee CK, Koh JH, Cha HS, Kim J, Huh W, Chung MP, et al. Pulmonary alveolar hemorrhage in patients with rheumatic diseases in Korea. Scand J Rheumatol 2000;29:288–94.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santos-Ocampo AS, Mandell BF, Fessler BJ. Alveolar hemorrhage in systemic lupus erythematosus: presentation and management. Chest 2000;118:1083–90.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee JG, Joo KW, Chung WK, Jung YC, Zheung SH, Yoon HJ, et al. Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in lupus nephritis. Clin Nephrol 2001;55:282–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang MY, Fang JT, Chen YC, Huang CC. Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in systemic lupus erythematosus: a single center retrospective study in Taiwan. Ren Fail 2002;24:791–802.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Badsha H, Teh CL, Kong KO, Lian TY, Chng HH. Pulmonary hemorrhage in systemic lupus erythematosus. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2004;33:414–21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cañas C, Tobón GJ, Granados M, Fernández L. Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in Colombian patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Rheumatol 2007;26:1947–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rojas-Serrano J, Pedroza J, Regalado J, Robledo J, Reyes E, Sifuentes-Osornio J, et al. High prevalence of infections in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and pulmonary haemorrhage. Lupus 2008;17:295–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen M, Zeng X, Tian X, Zhang F, Zeng X, Zhang X, et al. Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in systemic lupus erythematosus: a retrospective study in China. Lupus 2010;19:1326–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwok SK, Moon SJ, Ju JH, Park KS, Kim WU, Cho CS, et al. Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in systemic lupus erythematosus: risk factors and clinical outcome: results from affiliated hospitals of Catholic University of Korea. Lupus 2011;20:102–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martínez-Martínez MU, Abud-Mendoza C. Predictors of mortality in diffuse alveolar haemorrhage associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2011;20:568–74.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Araujo DB, Borba EF, Silva CA, Campos LM, Pereira RM, Bonfa E, et al. Alveolar hemorrhage: distinct features of juvenile and adult onset systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2012;21:872–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martinez-Martinez MU, Sturbaum AK, Alcocer-Varela J, Merayo-Chalico J, Gómez-Martin D, Gómez-Bañuelos Jde J, et al. Factors associated with mortality and infections in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus with diffuse alveolar hemorrhage. J Rheumatol 2014;41:1656–61.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kazzaz NM, Coit P, Lewis EE, McCune WJ, Sawalha AH, Knight JS, et al. Systemic lupus erythematosus complicated by diffuse alveolar haemorrhage: risk factors, therapy and survival. Lupus Sci Med 2015;2:e000117.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Andrade C, Mendonça T, Farinha F, Correia J, Marinho A, Almeida I, et al. Alveolar hemorrhage in systemic lupus erythematosus: a cohort review. Lupus 2016;25:75–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim D, Choi J, Cho SK, Choi CB, Kim TH, Jun JB, et al. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2017;46:782–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gillis JZ, Dall’era M, Gross A, Yazdany J, Davis J. Six refractory lupus patients treated with rituximab: a case series. Arthritis Rheum 2007;57:538–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nellessen CM, Pöge U, Brensing KA, Sauerbruch T, Klehr HU, Rabe C. Diffuse alveolar haemorrhage in a systemic lupus erythematosus patient successfully treated with rituximab: a case report. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2008;23:385–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pinto LF, Candia L, Garcia P, Marín JI, Pachón I, Espinoza LR, et al. Effective treatment of refractory pulmonary hemorrhage with monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody (rituximab). Respiration 2009;78:106–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Todd DJ, Costenbader KH. Dyspnoea in a young woman with active systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2009;18:777–84.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Narshi CB, Haider S, Ford CM, Isenberg DA, Giles IP. Rituximab as early therapy for pulmonary haemorrhage in systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2010;49:392–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pottier V, Pierrot M, Subra JF, Mercat A, Kouatchet A, Parrot A, et al. Successful rituximab therapy in a lupus patient with diffuse alveolar haemorrhage. Lupus 2011;20:656–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martínez-Martínez MU, Abud-Mendoza C. Recurrent diffuse alveolar haemorrhage in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus: long-term benefit of rituximab. Lupus 2012;21:1124–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonzalez-Echavarri C, Pernas B, Ugarte A, Ruiz-Irastorza G. Severe multiorganic flare of systemic lupus erythematosus successfully treated with rituximab and cyclophosphamide avoiding high doses of prednisone. Lupus 2014;23:323–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tse JR, Schwab KE, McMahon M, Simon W. Rituximab: an emerging treatment for recurrent diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2015;24:756–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Na JO, Chang SH, Seo KH, Choi JS, Lee HS, Lyu JW, et al. Successful early rituximab treatment in a case of systemic lupus erythematosus with potentially fatal diffuse alveolar hemorrhage. Respiration 2015;89:62–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aakjær S, Bendstrup E, Ivarsen P, Madsen LB. Continous Rituximab treatment for recurrent diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus and antiphosholipid syndrome. Respir Med Case Rep 2017;22:263–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montes-Rivera G, Ríos G, Vilá LM. Efficacy of rituximab in a systemic lupus erythematosus patient presenting with diffuse alveolar hemorrhage. Case Rep Rheumatol 2017; 2017:6031053.
   Google Scholar
• Green RJ, Ruoss SJ, Kraft SA, Duncan SR, Berry GJ, Raffin TA. Pulmonary capillaritis and alveolar hemorrhage. Update on diagnosis and management. Chest 1996;110:1305–16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leone A, Sciascia S, Kamal A, Khamashta M. Biologicals for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus: current status and emerging therapies. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2015;11:109–16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lally L, Spiera RF. Pulmonary vasculitis. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2015;41:315–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sen D, Isenberg DA. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2003;12:651–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar