A rearing method for Heliothis armiger confertus, and its use for production of the parasitoid Apanteles kazak and two insect viruses

References

• Abul Nasr , S.E. , Awadallah , K.T. and Abu Bakr , H.E. 1976 . Effect of different diets on the development and fecundity of the corn earnworm, Heliothis armigera Hbn. (Lepid.: Noctuidae) . Zeitschrift für angewandte Entomologie , 81 : 285 – 291 .
   Google Scholar
• Alma , P.J. 1977 . Heliothis armigera Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) , Forest and timber insects in New Zealand Vol. 9 , 8 – 8 . Rotorua : Forest Research Institute, New Zealand Forest Service .
   Google Scholar
• Ayad , F.A. 1977 . A preliminary study on the biology of the American cotton bollworm, Heliothis armigera (Hbn.) reared on castor leaves and on a semiartificial diet . Agricultural research review , 55 : 215 – 219 .
   Google Scholar
• Bot , J. 1966 . Rearing Heliothis armigera Hübn. and Prodenia litura on an artificial diet . South African journal of agricultural science , 9 : 535 – 538 .
   Google Scholar
• Carl , K.P. 1977 . “ Survey, propagation and importation of natural enemies of Heliothis armigera Hb ” . In Annual Report for 1976 , 14 – 14 . Delemont , , Switzerland : Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control, European Station . In
   Google Scholar
• Carl , K.P. 1978 . “ Heliothis armigera; parasite survey and introduction of Apanteles kazak to New Zealand ” . In Report of work 1977/78 , 8 – 8 . Delemont , , Switzerland : Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control, European Station . In
   Google Scholar
• Dimetry , N.Z. 1976 . Growth and development of the American bollworm Heliothis armigera Hübn. under laboratory mass rearing conditions . Experientia , 32 : 1006 – 1007 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ferro , D.N. , ed. 1976 . New Zealand insect pests , 311 – 311 . Lincoln University College of Agriculture .
   Google Scholar
• Hardwick , D.F. 1965 . The corn earworm complex . Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada , 40 : 247 – 247 .
   Google Scholar
• Hill , D.S. 1975 . Agricultural insect pests of the tropics and their control , 516 – 516 . Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Khilistovskiy , E. 1965 . Artificial media for the rearing of the bollworm Heliothis armigera [in Russian] . Zaschita Rastenii ot Vreditelei i Bolenznei , 12 : 44 – 44 .
   Google Scholar
• Kirkpatrick , T.H. 1961 . Comparative morphological studies of the Heliothis species (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Queensland . Queensland journal of agricultural science , 18 : 179 – 194 .
   Google Scholar
• Komarova , O.S. 1960 . On the conditions determining the diapause of the hibernating pupae in Chloridea obsoleta F. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) . Entomological review, Washington , 38 : 318 – 325 .
   Google Scholar
• Lowry , O.N. , Rosebrough , N.J. , Farr , A.L. and Randall , R.J. 1951 . Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent . Journal of biological chemistry , 193 : 265 – 275 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mourikis , P.A. and Vassilaina-Alexopoulou , P. 1969 . Notes on the rearing on semisynthetic diet of the cotton bollworm Heliothis armigera (Hbn.) . Annales de VInstitut Phytopathologique Benaki, n.s. , 9 : 46 – 53 .
   Google Scholar
• Mourikis , P.A. and Vassilaina-Alexopoulou , P. 1970 . The behaviour of adults of Heliothis armigera (Hbn.) (Lep., Noctuid.) under laboratory conditions . Zeitschrift für Angewandte Entomologie , 66 : 36 – 41 .
   Google Scholar
• Patel , R.C. , Patel , J.K. , Patel , P.B. and Singh , R. 1968 . Mass breeding of Heliothis armigera (Hbn.) . Indian journal of entomology , 30 : 272 – 280 .
   Google Scholar
• Phillips , J.R. and Newsom , L.D. 1966 . Diapause in Heliothis zea and Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) . Annals of the Entomological Society of America , 59 : 154 – 159 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roome , R.E. 1975 . Activity of adult Heliothis armigera (Hb.) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) with reference to the flowering of sorghum and maize in Botswana . Bulletin of entomological research , 65 : 523 – 530 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salama , A.E. and Abdallah , S.A. 1976 . Mass rearing of Heliothis armigera (Hbn.) larvae on a simple semiartificial diet . Bulletin de la Société Entomologique d'Egypte , 60 : 1 – 6 .
   Google Scholar
• Scotti , P.D. and Longworth , J.F. 1978 . Purification of polyhedra from insect extracts contaminated with a small isometric virus . Journal of invertebrate pathology , 32 : 216 – 218 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh , P. 1974 . Improvements in or relating to artificial dietary mixtures for insects N.Z. patent application No. 174449. Provisional application filed 4 June 1974; complete specification filed 4 September 1975
   Google Scholar
• Singh , P. 1977 . Artificial diets for insects, mites and spiders , 594 – 594 . New York, Washington, and London : IFI/Plenum .
   Google Scholar
• Singh , P. and Surrey , M.R. 1980 . A plastic container for rearing insects on artificial diets . New Zealand journal of zoology , 7 : 441 – 442 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Todd , E.L. 1978 . A checklist of species of Heliothis Ochsenheimer (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) . Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington , 80 : 1 – 14 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Twine , P.H. 1971 . “ Cannibalistic behaviour of Heliothis armigera (Hübn.) ” . In Division of Plant Industry bulletin , Vol. 582 , 153 – 157 . Australia : Queensland Department of Primary Industries . in:
   Google Scholar
• Twine , P.H. 1978 . Variation in the number of larval instars of Heliothis armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) . Journal of the Australian Entomological Society , 17 : 289 – 292 .
   Google Scholar
• Valentine , E.W. 1975 . Tomato fruitworm, Helicoverpa armigera Huebner life-cycle , DSIR information series Vol. 105/9 , Single-fold chart
   Google Scholar
• Wellso , S.G. and Adkisson , P.L. 1966 . A long-day short-day effect in the photoperiodic control of the pupal diapause of the bollworm, Heliothis zea (Boddie) . Journal of insect physiology , 12 : 1455 – 1465 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitlock , V.H. 1973 . Modifications to an existing laboratory rearing technique for Heliothis armigera (Hübn.) . Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa , 36 : 307 – 308 .
   Google Scholar
• Wilson , A.G.L. , Lewis , T. and Cunningham , R.B. 1979 . Overwintering and spring emergence of Heliothis armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in the Namoi Valley, New South Wales . Bulletin of entomological research , 69 : 97 – 109 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar