Late Holocene extinction of Finsch's duck (Chenonetta finschi), an endemic, possibly flightless, New Zealand duck

References

• Alley , M. R. , Castro , I. and Hunter , J. E. B. 1999 . Aspergillosis in hihi (Notiomystis cincta) on Mokoia Island . New Zealand Veterinary Journal , 47 : 88 – 91 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson , A. J. 1984 . “ The extinction of moa in southern New Zealand ” . In Quaternary extinctions: a prehistoric revolution , Edited by: Martin , P. S. and Klein , R. G. 728 – 740 . Tucson : University of Arizona Press .
   Google Scholar
• Anderson , A. J. 1989a . Mechanics of overkill in the extinction of New Zealand moas . Journal of Archaeological Science , 16 : 137 – 151 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson , A. J. 1989b . Prodigious birds: moas and moa hunting in prehistoric New Zealand , 238 Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Anderson , A. J. 1991 . The chronology of colonization of New Zealand . Antiquity , 65 : 767 – 795 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson , A. J. 1996 . Was Rattus exulans in New Zealand 2000 years ago: AMS radiocarbon ages from Shag River Mouth . Archaeology in Oceania , 31 : 178 – 184 .
   Google Scholar
• Anderson , A. J. 2000 . Differential reliability of 14C AMS ages of Rattus exulans bone gelatin in South Pacific prehistory . Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand , 30 : 243 – 261 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beavan , N. R. and Sparks , R. J. 1998 . Factors influencing 14C ages of the Pacific rat (Rattus exulans) . Radiocarbon , 40 : 601 – 613 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beavan‐Athfield , N. R. 2001 . Contribution of diet to δ¹⁵N, δ¹³C, and ?¹⁴C values in the Pacific rat (Rattus exulans) , 122 Christchurch, , New Zealand : University of Canterbury . Unpublished PhD thesis
   Google Scholar
• Beavan‐Athfield , N. and Sparks , R. J. 2001a . Dating of Rattus exulans bone from Pleasant River (Otago, New Zealand): testing the effect of burial contamination . Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand , 31 : 795 – 800 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beavan‐Athfield , N. and Sparks , R. J. 2001b . Dating of Rattus exulans bone from Pleasant River (Otago, New Zealand): radiocarbon anomalies from diet . Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand , 31 : 801 – 809 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beavan‐Athfield , N. R. , McFadgen , B. G. and Sparks , R. J. 1999 . Reliability of bone gelatine AMS dating: Rattus exulans and marine shell dates from Pauatahanui midden sites, Wellington . Radiocarbon , 41 : 119 – 126 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beavan‐Athfield , N. R. , McFadgen , B. G. and Sparks , R. J. 2001 . Environmental influences on dietary carbon and 14C ages in modern rats and other species . Radiocarbon , 43 : 7 – 14 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Booth , A. M. , Minot , E. O. , Fordham , R. A. and Innes , J. G. 1996 . Kiore (Rattus exulans) predation on the eggs of the little shearwater (Puffinus assimilis haurakiensis) . Notornis , 43 : 147 – 153 .
   Google Scholar
• Brook , F. J. 2000a . Holocene distribution, ecology and local extinction of the endemic New Zealand dune snail Succinea archeyi (Stylommatophora: Succineidae) . Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand , 30 : 209 – 225 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brook , F. J. 2000b . Prehistoric predation of the landsnail Placostylus ambagiosus Suter (Stylomattophora: Bulimulidae), and evidence for the timing of establishment of rats in northernmost New Zealand . Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand , 30 : 227 – 241 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buck , C. E. , Cavanagh , W. G. and Litton , C. D. 1996 . Bayesian approach to interpreting archaeological data , Chichester : John Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Buller , W. L. 1888 . A history of the birds of New Zealand. , 2nd ed. , London : the author .
   Google Scholar
• Campbell , D. J. and Atkinson , I. A. E. 1999 . Effects of kiore (Rattus exulans Peale) on recruitment of indigenous coastal trees on northern offshore islands of New Zealand . Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand , 29 : 265 – 290 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cassels , R. 1984 . “ The role of prehistoric man in the faunal extinctions of New Zealand and other Pacific islands ” . In Quaternary extinctions: a prehistoric revolution , Edited by: Martin , P. S. and Klein , R. G. 741 – 767 . Tucson : University of Arizona Press .
   Google Scholar
• Cockburn‐Hood , T. H. 1875 . Remarks upon the probable changes that have taken place in the physical geography of New Zealand since the arrival of the Maori . Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute , 7 : 112 – 120 .
   Google Scholar
• CREO . 2001 . “ Committee on Recently Extinct Organisms ” . www.creo.amnh.org (accessed on 5 March 2001)
   Google Scholar
• Falla , R. A. 1974 . “ Rare birds and conservation ” . In Birds in New Zealand , Edited by: Robertson , C. J. R. 121 – 134 . Wellington : A. H. & A. W. Reed .
   Google Scholar
• Fleming , C. A. 1962 . The extinction of moas and other animals during the Holocene period . Notornis , 10 : 113 – 117 .
   Google Scholar
• Haast , J. 1875 . Notes on a moa‐hunter encampment at Shag Point, Otago . Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute , 7 : 91 – 98 .
   Google Scholar
• Hedges , R. E. M. 2000 . Appraisal of radiocarbon dating of kiore bones (Pacific rat Rattus exulans) in New Zealand . Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand , 30 : 385 – 398 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Higham , T. G. and Petchey , F. J. 2000 . On the reliability of archaeological rat bone for radiocarbon dating in New Zealand . Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand , 30 : 399 – 409 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Higham , T. G. and Petchey , F. J. 2001 . Publication of supplementary data for 14C AMS ages: response . Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand , 31 : 454 – 456 .
   Google Scholar
• Higham , T. G. , Anderson , A. J. and Jacomb , C. 1999 . Dating the first New Zealanders: the chronology of Wairau Bar . Antiquity , 73 : 420 – 427 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holdaway , R. N. 1989 . New Zealand's pre‐human avifauna and its vulnerability . New Zealand Journal of Ecology , 12 (Supplement) : 11 – 25 .
   Google Scholar
• Holdaway , R. N. 1996 . Arrival of rats in New Zealand . Nature , 384 : 225 – 226 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holdaway , R. N. 1999 . “ Introduced predators and avifaunal extinction in New Zealand ” . In Extinctions in near time: causes, contexts, and consequences , Edited by: MacPhee , R. D. E. 189 – 238 . New York : Kluwer Academic/Plenum .
   Google Scholar
• Holdaway , R. N. and Beavan , N. R. 1999 . Reliable 14C dates on bird and Pacific rat Rattus exulans bone gelatin, from a CaCO3‐rich deposit . Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand , 29 : 185 – 211 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holdaway , R. N. and Jacomb , C. 2000 . Rapid extinction of the moas (Aves: Dinornithiformes): model, test, and implications . Science , 287 : 2250 – 2254 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holdaway , R. N. and Worthy , T. H. 2001 . Publication of supplementary data for 14C AMS ages . Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand , 31 : 453 – 454 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holdaway , R. N. , Worthy , T. H. and Tennyson , A. J. D. 2001 . A working list of breeding bird species of the New Zealand region at first human contact . New Zealand Journal of Zoology , 28 : 119 – 187 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holdaway , R. N. , Roberts , R. G. , Beavan Athfield , N. R. , Olley , J. M. and Worthy , T. H. 2002 . Optical dating of quartz sediments and accelerator mass spectrometry 14C dating of bone gelatin and moa eggshell: a comparison of age estimates for non‐archaeological deposits in New Zealand . Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand , 32 : 463 – 505 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hubbard , M. J. 1995 . Amino acid analysis . European Journal of Biochemistry , 230 : 68 – 79 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hutton , F. W. 1876 . Notes on the Maori cooking places at the mouth of the Shag River . Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute , 8 : 103 – 108 .
   Google Scholar
• Jones , M. D. and Nicholls , G. K. 2001 . Reservoir offset models for radiocarbon dating . Radiocarbon , 43 : 119 – 124 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leach , B. F. 1979 . “ Maximising minimum numbers: avian remains from the Washpool midden site ” . In Birds of a feather: osteological and archaeological papers from the South Pacific in honour of R. J. Sc arlett , New Zealand Archaeological Association Monograph II; BAR International Series 62 Edited by: Anderson , A. J. 103 – 121 .
   Google Scholar
• Leach , H. M. and Leach , B. F. 1979 . “ Environmental change in Palliser Bay ” . In Prehistoric man in Palliser Bay , National Museum of New Zealand Bulletin 21 Edited by: Leach , B. F. and Leach , H. M. 229 – 240 .
   Google Scholar
• Lomolino , M. V. and Channell , R. 1995 . Splendid isolation: patterns of geographic range collapse in endangered mammals . Journal of Mammalogy , 76 : 335 – 347 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lovegrove , T. G. 1996a . Island releases of saddlebacks Philesturnus carunculatus in New Zealand . Biological Conservation , 77 : 151 – 157 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lovegrove , T. G. 1996b . A comparison of the effects of predation by Norway (Rattus norvegicus) and Polynesian rats (Rattus exulans) on the saddleback (Philesturnus carunculatus) . Notornis , 43 : 91 – 112 .
   Google Scholar
• MacPhee , R. D. E. , ed. 1999 . Extinctions in near time: causes, contexts, and consequences. Advances in vertebrate paleobiology , 394 New York : Kluwer Academic/Plenum .
   Google Scholar
• McCormac , F. G. , Hogg , A. C. , Higham , T. F. G. , Baillie , M. G. L. , Palmer , J. G. , Xiong , L. , Pilcher , J. R. , Brown , D. and Hoper , S. T. 1998 . Variations of radiocarbon in tree‐rings: Southern Hemisphere offset preliminary results . Radiocarbon , 40 : 1153 – 1160 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCulloch , B. A. 1994 . A likely association of the New Zealand owlet‐nightjar (Megaegotheles novaezealandiae) with early humans in New Zealand . Notornis , 41 : 209 – 210 .
   Google Scholar
• McFarlane , D. A. 1999 . “ A comparison of methods for the probabilistic determination of vertebrate extinction chronologies ” . In Extinctions in near time: causes, contexts, and consequences , Edited by: MacPhee , R. D. E. 95 – 103 . New York : Kluwer Academic/Plenum .
   Google Scholar
• McGlone , M. S. 1989 . The Polynesian settlement of New Zealand in relation to environmental and biotic changes . New Zealand Journal of Ecology , 12 (Supplement) : 115 – 129 .
   Google Scholar
• McGlone , M. S. , Kershaw , A. P. and Markgraf , V. 1992 . “ El Niño/Southern Oscillation and climatic variability in Australasian and South American palaeoenvironmental records ” . In El Niño: historical and paleoclimatic aspects of the Southern Oscillation , Edited by: Markgraf , V. and Diaz , H. 435 – 462 . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• McGlone , M. S. , Salinger , M. J. and Moar , N. T. 1993 . “ Paleovegetation studies of New Zealand's climate since the Last Glacial Maximum ” . In Global climates since the Last Glacial Maximum , Edited by: Wright , H. E. , Kutzbach , J. E. , Webb , T. , Ruddiman , W. F. , Street‐Perrott , F. A. and Bartlein , P. J. 294 – 317 . Minneapolis : University of Minneapolis Press .
   Google Scholar
• Marchant , S. and Higgins , P. J. (Co‐ordinators) . 1990 . Handbook of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic birds. Vol. 1. Ratites to ducks , Vol. 1 , Melbourne : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Martin , P. S. and Klein , R. G. , eds. 1984 . Quaternary extinctions: a prehistoric revolution , Tucson : University of Arizona Press .
   Google Scholar
• Millener , P. R. 1981 . The Quaternary avifauna of the North Island, New Zealand , Auckland, , New Zealand : University of Auckland . Unpublished PhD thesis
   Google Scholar
• Nicholls , G. K. and Jones , M. 1998 . Radiocarbon dating with temporal order constraints , Technical report #407 Auckland, , New Zealand : Department of Mathematics, University of Auckland .
   Google Scholar
• Nicholls , G. K. and Jones , M. 2001 . Radiocarbon dating with temporal order constraints . Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series C , 50 : 503 – 521 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oliver , W. R. B. 1955 . New Zealand birds. , 2nd ed. , 661 Wellington : A.H. & A.W. Reed .
   Google Scholar
• Phillipps , W. J. 1959 . The last (?) occurrence of Notornis in the North Island . Notornis , 8 : 93 – 94 .
   Google Scholar
• Phillipps , W. J. 1963 . The book of the huia , Christchurch : Whitcombe & Tombs .
   Google Scholar
• Quinn , P. J. 1971 . Suspected case of bird pox in a small population of New Zealand pipits . Notornis , 18 : 217
   Google Scholar
• Reid , B. 1974 . Sightings and records of thetakahe (Notornis mantelli) prior to its “official rediscovery” by Dr G. B. Orbell in 1948 . Notornis , 21 : 277 – 295 .
   Google Scholar
• Roberts , M. 1991 . Origin, dispersal routes, and geographic distribution of Rattus exulans, with special reference to New Zealand . Pacific Science , 45 : 123 – 130 .
   Google Scholar
• Stafford , T. W. , Brendel , K. and Duhamel , R. C. 1988 . Radiocarbon, 13C and 15N analysis of fossil bone: removal of humates with XAD‐2 resin . Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta , 52 : 2257 – 2267 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stuiver , M. and Polach , H. 1977 . Discussion: reporting of 14C data . Radiocarbon , 19 : 355 – 363 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stuiver , M. , Reimer , P. J. , Bard , E. , Beck , J. W. , Burr , G. S. , Hughen , K. A. , Kromer , B. , McCormac , F. G. , van der Plicht , J. and Spurk , M. 1998 . INTCAL98 radiocarbon age calibration, 24,000–0 cal BP . Radiocarbon , 40 : 1041 – 1083 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor , R. E. , Stuiver , M. and Reimer , P. J. 1996 . Development and extension of the calibration of the radiocarbon time scale: archaeological applications . Quaternary Science Reviews , 15 : 655 – 668 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thoresen , A. C. 1967 . Ecological observations on Stanley and Green Islands, Mercury Group . Notornis , 14 : 182 – 200 .
   Google Scholar
• Turbott , E. G. (Convenor) . 1990 . Checklist of the birds of New Zealand and the Ross Dependency, Antarctica. , 3rd ed , Auckland : Random Century and the Ornithological Society of New Zealand .
   Google Scholar
• van Beneden , P. J. 1875 . Un oiseaux fossile nouveau des cavernes de la Nouvelle Zelande . Annales de la Société Géologique de Belgique , 2 : 123 – 130 .
   Google Scholar
• Williams , G. R. 1956 . The kakapo (Strigops habroptilus Gray): a review and re‐appraisal of a near‐ extinct species . Notornis , 7 : 29 – 56 .
   Google Scholar
• Williams , G. R. 1962 . Extinction and the land and freshwater‐inhabiting birds of New Zealand . Notornis , 10 : 15 – 32 .
   Google Scholar
• Wilson , C. J. N. 1993 . Stratigraphy, chronology, styles and dynamics of late Quaternary eruptions from Taupo volcano, New Zealand . Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London A , 343 : 205 – 306 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Worthy , T. H. 1984 . Faunal and floral remains from F1, a cave near Waitomo . Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand , 14 : 367 – 377 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Worthy , T. H. 1988 . Loss of flight ability in the extinct New Zealand duck Chenonettafinschi . Journal of Zoology, London , 215 : 619 – 628 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Worthy , T. H. 1997 . Quaternary fossil fauna of South Canterbury, South Island, New Zealand . Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand , 27 : 67 – 162 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Worthy , T. H. 1998a . Fossil avifaunas from Old Neck and Native Island, Stewart Island—Polynesian middens or natural sites? . Records of the Canterbury Museum , 12 (2) : 49 – 82 .
   Google Scholar
• Worthy , T. H. 1998b . A remarkable fossil and archaeological fauna from Marfells Beach, Lake Grassmere, South Island, New Zealand . Records of the Canterbury Museum , 12 (1) : 79 – 176 .
   Google Scholar
• Worthy , T. H. 1999a . The role of climatic change versus human impacts—avian extinction on South Island, New Zealand . Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology , 89 : 111 – 123 .
   Google Scholar
• Worthy , T. H. 1999b . What was on the menu—Avian extinctions in New Zealand . New Zealand Journal of Archaeology , 19 : 125 – 160 . “1997”
   Google Scholar
• Worthy , T. H. and Holdaway , R. N. 1993 . Quaternary fossil faunas from caves in the Punakaiki area, West Coast, South Island, New Zealand . Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand , 23 : 147 – 254 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Worthy , T. H. and Holdaway , R. N. 1994 . Quaternary fossil faunas from caves in Takaka Valley and on Takaka Hill, north‐west Nelson, South Island, New Zealand . Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand , 24 : 297 – 391 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Worthy , T. H. and Holdaway , R. N. 1995 . Quaternary fossil faunas from caves on Mt Cookson, North Canterbury, South Island, New Zealand . Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand , 25 : 333 – 370 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Worthy , T. H. and Holdaway , R. N. 1996 . Quaternary fossil faunas, overlapping taphonomies, and palaeofaunal reconstruction in North Canterbury, South Island, New Zealand . Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand , 26 : 275 – 361 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Worthy , T. H. and Holdaway , R. N. 2002 . The lost world of the moa: prehistoric life in New Zealand , 760 Bloomington and Indianapolis : Indiana University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Worthy , T. H. and Olson , S. L. 2002 . Relationships, adaptations, and habits of the extinct duck ’Chenonetta’ finschi . Notornis , 49 : 1 – 17 .
   Google Scholar
• Worthy , T. H. and Swabey , S. E. J. 2002 . Avifaunal changes revealed in Quaternary deposits near Waitomo Caves, North Island, New Zealand . Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand , 32 : 293 – 325 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yaldwyn , J. C. 1956 . A preliminary account of the sub‐fossil avifauna of the Martinborough caves . Records of the Dominion Museum , 3 : 1 – 7 .
   Google Scholar
• Yaldwyn , J. C. 1958 . Notes on the environment and age of the sub‐fossil deposits of the Martinborough Caves . Records of the Dominion Museum , 3 : 129 – 133 .
   Google Scholar
• Yaldwyn , J. C. 2002 . The matchbox—the rat bone—the Hukanui #7b excavations 1959 . Archaeology in New Zealand , 45 : 118 – 127 .
   Google Scholar
• Palaecol Research, P.O. Box 16 569, Christchurch, New Zealand. Email: [email protected]
   Google Scholar
• Centre for Archaeological Research, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92 109, Auckland, New Zealand.
   Google Scholar
• Rafter Radiocarbon Laboratory, Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences, P.O. Box 31 312, Lower Hutt, New Zealand.
   Google Scholar