Studies of the decarburisation phenomena during preheating of submerged entry nozzles (SEN) in continuous casting processes

References

• A. Memarpour, V. Brabie and P. G. Jönsson: ‘Studies of effect of glass/silicon powder coatings on clogging behaviour of submerged entry nozzles when using REM alloyed stainless steels’, Ironmak. Steelmak., 2011, 38, 229–239. doi: 10.1179/1743281210Y.0000000005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• K. Sasai and Y. Mizukami: ‘Reaction mechanism between alumina graphite immersion nozzle and low carbon steel’, ISIJ Int., 1994, 34, 802–809. doi: 10.2355/isijinternational.34.802
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Y. Vermeulen, B. Coletti, P. Wollants, B. Blanpain and F. Haers: ‘Clogging in submerged entry nozzles’, Steel Res. Process. Metall., 2000, 71, 391–395.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. Nadif, J. Lehmann, M. Burty and J. F. Domgin: ‘Control of steel reoxidation and CC nozzle clogging: an overview’, Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Clean Steel, 38–47, 2007, Budapest, Hungarian Mining and Metallurgical Society.
   Google Scholar
• A. Memarpour, V. Brabie and P. G. Jönsson: ‘Post-mortem study of the internal coated SENs (Submerged Entry Nozzle) respecting clogging phenomena’, 7th European Continuous Casting Conference Proceedings, Refractory material and tundish lining, Session 14, pp. 1–10, Düsseldorf, 27 June – 1 July, 2011.
   Google Scholar
• J. Poirier, B. Thillou, M. A. Guiban and G. Provost: ‘Mechanisms and countermeasures of alumina clogging in submerged nozzles’, 78th Steelmaking Conference Proceedings, 1995, 78, 451–456, Nashville, TN, ISS-AIME.
   Google Scholar
• J. Madias, E. Brandaleze, M. Bentancour and G. Walter: ‘Behaviour during preheating of continuous casting refractories’, Ceram. News Spec. Refract., 2002, 6, 9–13.
   Google Scholar
• A. Memarpour, V. Brabie and P. G. Jönsson: ‘Studies on the decarburization of commercial submerged entry nozzles’, Steel Grips, J. Steel Relat. Mater. Plants Equip., 2011, 9, 121–127.
   Google Scholar
• H. Sunayama and M. Kawahara: ‘The oxidation rate of a magnesia–carbon refractory under low oxygen partial pressures’, J. Electrochem. Soc., 2005, 152, B555–B559. doi: 10.1149/1.2120327
   Google Scholar
• N. K. Ghosh, D. N. Ghosh and K. P. Jagannathan: ‘Oxidation mechanism of MgO–C in air at various temperatures’, Br. Ceram. Trans., 2000, 99, 124–128. doi: 10.1179/096797800680839
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S. K. Nandy, N. K. Ghosh and G. C. Das: ‘Oxidation kinetics of MgO–C in air with varying ash content’, Adv. Appl. Ceram., 2005, 104, 306–311. doi: 10.1179/174367605X52040
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• K. Sasai and Y. Mizukami: ‘Oxidation rate of alumina graphite immersion nozzles’, Taikabutsu Overseas, 1997, 17, 9–15. (Translated from Taikabutsu, 1996, 48, 514–522.)
   Google Scholar
• S. Jansson, V. Brabie and P. Jönsson: ‘Corrosion mechanism of commercial MgO–C refractories in contact with different gas atmospheres’, ISIJ Int., 2008, 48, 760–767. doi: 10.2355/isijinternational.48.760
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. Ikram-Ul-Haq, R. Khanna, P. Koshy and V. Sahajwalla: ‘High-temperature interactions of alumina-carbon refractories with molten iron’, ISIJ Int., 2010, 50, 804–812. doi: 10.2355/isijinternational.50.804
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• N. Kojola, S. Ekerot, M. Andersson and P. G. Jönsson: ‘Pilot plant study of nozzle clogging mechanisms during casting of REM treated stainless steels’, Ironmak. Steelmak., 2011, 38, 1–11. doi: 10.1179/030192310X12690127076398
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D. Gaskell: ‘Introduction to the thermodynamics of materials’, 4th edn, 358; 2003, New York, United States of America, Taylor and Francis.
   Google Scholar
• L. Xingyuan, Q. Zhiyu and Y. Tianjun: ‘Kinetics of carbon oxidation in carbon-bearing refractories’, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 1997, 7, 38–42.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. E. Westwood, J. D. Webster, R. J. Day, F. H. Hayes and R. Taylor: ‘Oxidation protection for carbon fibre composites’, J. Mater. Sci., 1996, 31, 1389–1397. doi: 10.1007/BF00357844
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. Memarpour: ‘An experimental study of submerged entry nozzles (SEN) focusing on decarburization and clogging’, Doctorial thesis in Applied Process Metallurgy, KTH Industrial Engineering and Management, Stockholm Sweden 2011, Supplement 5.
   Google Scholar