Influence of the non-uniform bottom blowing gas supply mode on the dynamic conditions of molten pool during the converter steelmaking process

References

• Zhou X, Ersson M, Zhong L, et al. Numerical simulations of the kinetic energy transfer in the bath of a BOF converter. Metall Mater Trans B. 2016;47:434–445. doi: 10.1007/s11663-015-0465-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martín M, Rendueles M, Díaz M. Steel-slag mass transfer in steel converter, bottom and top/bottom combined blowing through cold model experiments. Chem Eng Res Des. 2005;83:1076–1084. doi: 10.1205/cherd.02156
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li M, Li Q, Zou Z, et al. Characterization of cavity oscillation and splashing distribution under excitation by bottom gas blowing in a steelmaking converter. JOM. 2019;71:729–736. doi: 10.1007/s11837-018-3203-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou X, Ersson M, Zhong L, et al. Numerical study of mixing behavior in the bath of a converter. The 6th International Congress on the Science and Technology of Steelmaking; ICS2015, Beijing, China; 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Singh V, Kumar J, Bhanu C, et al. Optimisation of the bottom tuyeres configuration for the BOF vessel using physical and mathematical modelling. ISIJ Int. 2007;47:1605–1612. doi: 10.2355/isijinternational.47.1605
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang L, Liu L, Jiao X, et al. Study and application of bottom blowing technique of combined blowing converter. JIron Steel Res, Int. 2014;21:44–50. doi: 10.1016/S1006-706X(14)60119-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luomala MJ, Fabritius TMJ, Härkki JJ. The effect of bottom nozzle configuration on the bath behaviour in the BOF. ISIJ Int. 2004;44:809–816. doi: 10.2355/isijinternational.44.809
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lai Z, Xie Z, Zhong L. Influence of bottom tuyere configuration on bath stirring in a top and bottom combined blown converter. ISIJ Int. 2008;48:793–798. doi: 10.2355/isijinternational.48.793
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirt CW, Nichols BD. Volume of fluid (VOF) method for the dynamics of free boundaries. J Comput Phys. 1981;39:201–225. doi: 10.1016/0021-9991(81)90145-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Launder BE, Spalding DB. Mathematical models of turbulence. 1st ed. London: Academic Press; 1972. p. 124–130.
   Google Scholar
• Liu X, Zeng J, Wang J, et al. Water model about effect of bottom blowing on slag-steel interface. Iron Steel. 2016;51:29–34.
   Google Scholar
• Zhou X, Ersson M, Zhong L, et al. Mathematical and physical simulation of a top blown converter. Steel Res Int. 2014;85:273–281. doi: 10.1002/srin.201300310
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choudhary SK, Amani SK. Evaluation of bottom stirring system in BOF steelmaking vessel using cold model study and thermodynamic analysis. ISIJ Int. 2006;46:1171–1176. doi: 10.2355/isijinternational.46.1171
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geng D, Lei H, He J. Optimization of mixing time in a ladle with dual plugs. Int J Miner Metall Mater. 2010;17:709–714. doi: 10.1007/s12613-010-0378-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ajmani SK, Chatterjee A. Cold model studies of mixing and mass transfer in steelmaking vessels. Ironmak Steelmak. 2005;32:515–527. doi: 10.1179/174328105X48188
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matsuura H, Hamano T, Zhong M, et al. Energy and resource saving of steelmaking process: utilization of innovative multi-phase flux during dephosphorization process. JOM. 2014;66:1572–1580. doi: 10.1007/s11837-014-1108-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang D, Yong Q, Liu X, et al. Slag formation path during dephosphorization process in a converter. Int J Miner Metall Mater. 2015;22:1260–1265. doi: 10.1007/s12613-015-1193-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yasushi O, Yuji M, Yuichi U, et al. Development of high efficiency dephosphorization system in decarburization converter utilizing FetO dynamic control. ISIJ Int. 2013;10:1786–1793.
   Google Scholar
• Wu K, Xia F, Zheng Y. Control of the molten steel end-point carbon-oxygen equilibrium in combined blow converter. Steelmaking. 2010;26:8–11.
   Google Scholar
• He C, Zhu R, Dong K, et al. Three-phase numerical simulation of oxygen penetration and decarburisation in EAF using injection system. Ironmak Steelmak. 2011;38:291–296. doi: 10.1179/1743281210Y.0000000011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prokhorov ES. Analysis of equilibrium states of reacting carbon-oxygen thermodynamic system. J Phys Conf Ser. 2018;1105:012032. doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1105/1/012032
   Google Scholar
• Kim YW, Shin DJ, Choi JW, et al. Development and characterization of a calorimeter for laser power measurement. Korean Appl Phys. 1996;9:435–439.
   Google Scholar