Publication Cover
Ironmaking & Steelmaking
Processes, Products and Applications
Volume 48, 2021 - Issue 10: STEEL WORLD ISSUE
320
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Thermodynamic activity of FeO in CaO–SiO2–MnO–FeO–MgO molten slags

, , &
Pages 1239-1246 | Received 26 Jan 2021, Accepted 19 Jul 2021, Published online: 01 Aug 2021

References

  • Grässel O, Krüger L, Frommeyer G, et al. High strength Fe-Mn-(Al, Si) TRIP/TWIP steels development-properties-application. Int J Plast. 2000;16:1391–1409.
  • Chipman J. Equilibrium in the oxidation of liquid iron by steam and the free energy of ferrous oxide in liquid steel. J Am Chem Soc. 1933;55(8):3131–3139.
  • Turkdogan ET, Pearson J. Activities of constituents of iron and steelmaking slags. J Iron Steel Inst. 1953;173:217–223.
  • Darken LS, Gurry RW. The system iron-oxygen. I. The wüstite field and related equilibria. J Am Chem Soc. 1945;67:1398–1412.
  • Richardson FD, Jeffes JFE. The thermodynamics of substances of interest in iron and steel making from 0°C to 2400°C: I-oxides. J Iron Steel Inst. 1945;160:261–270.
  • Elliott JF. Activities in the iron oxide-silica-lime system. J Miner Met Mater Soc. 1955;7(3):485–488.
  • Morales AT, Fruehan RJ. Thermodynamics of MnO, FeO, and phosphorus in steelmaking slags with high MnO contents. Metall Mater Trans B. 1997;28B:1111–1118.
  • Kojima Y, Sano K. On the activity of iron oxide in silica-saturated slags. Trans Iron Steel Inst Jpn. 1967;7:87–94.
  • Ban-Ya S, Hino M, Yuge N. Activity of the constituents in FetO-SiO2-MnO slags in equilibrium with solid iron. Telsu-to-Hagane. 1985;71:853–860. (Japanese).
  • Fujim H, Maruhashi S. Equilibrium between FeO-MnO-SiO2 slags and molten iron. Telsu-to-Hagane. 1970;56:830–851. (Japanese).
  • Henao HM, Itagaki K. Activity and activity coefficient of iron oxides in the liquid FeO-Fe2O3-CaO-SiO2 slag systems at intermediate oxygen partial pressures. Metall Mater Trans B. 2007;38B:769–780.
  • Katahira Y, Hayashi M. Activities of FeO1.33 in the FeOx-CaO-SiO2 and FeOx-CaO-SiO2-Al2O3 slags at 1573 K under oxygen partial pressures between 10−6 and 10−2 atm. ISIJ Int. 2016;56:1164–1170.
  • Taniguchl Y, Morita K, Sano N. Activities of FeO in CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-FeO and CaO-Al2O3-CaF2-FeO slags. ISIJ Int. 1997;37:956–961.
  • Lee K R, Suito H. Activities of FetO in CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-FetO (5 Pct) slags saturated with liquid iron. Metall Mater Trans B. 1994;25B:894–902.
  • Basu S, Lahiri A K, Seetharaman S. Activity of iron oxide in steelmaking slag. Metall Mater Trans B. 2008;39B:447–456.
  • Kim S J, Takekawa J, Shibata H, et al. Thermodynamic assessment of MnO and FeO activities in FeO-MnO-MgO-P2O5-SiO2(-CaO) molten slag. ISIJ Int. 2013;53:1325–1333.
  • Mohassab-Ahmed MY, Sohn HY. Effect of water vapour content in H2-H2O-CO-CO2 mixtures on activity of iron oxide in slags relevant to novel flash ironmaking technology. Ironmaking Steelmaking. 2014;41:665–675.
  • Eissa MM, El-Fawakrhy KA, Tayor W, et al. Ferrous oxide activity in FeO TiO2-CaO-Al2O3 system. ISIJ Int. 1996;36:512–516.
  • Fredriksson P, Seetharaman S. Thermodynamic activities of ‘FeO’ in some binary ‘FeO’-containing slags. Steel Res Int. 2004;75:240–246.
  • Fredriksson P, Seetharaman S. Thermodynamic activities of ‘FeO’ in some ternary ‘FeO’-containing slags. Steel Res Int. 2004;75:357–365.
  • Ogura T, Fujiwara R, Mochizuki R, et al. Activity determinator for the automatic measurements of the chemical potentials of FeO in metallurgical slags. Metall Mater Trans B. 1992;23B:459–466.
  • Iso-Bayashi A, Hasegawa M, Naito M, et al. Activities of FexO within four-phase assemblages of the system CaO-SiO2-MgO-FexO. ISIJ Int. 2004;44:2093–2099.
  • Liu S H, Fruehan R J, Morales A, et al. Measurement of FeO activity and solubility of MgO in smelting slags. Metall Mater Trans B. 2001;32B:31–36.
  • Klshimotol T, Haseqawa M, Ohnuki K, et al. The activities of FexO in {CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-FexO} slags at 1723K. Steel Res Int. 2005;76:341–347.
  • Ozawa H, Hasegawa M, Kashiwaya Y, et al. Activities of FexO in CaO-(Na2O)0.1875(K2O)0.0625(Al2O3)0.25(SiO2)0.5-FexO pseudo-ternary slags. Steel Res Int. 2010;81:25–30.
  • Plante ER, Hastieand JW, Kowalska M. Activity of FeO in the FeO-MgO-SiO2 system determined by high temperature mass spectrometry. ISIJ Int. 1992;32:1276–1279.
  • Jung SM, Rhee CH, Min DJ. Thermodynamic properties of manganese oxide in BOF slags. ISIJ Int. 2002;42:63–70.
  • Fetters KL, Chipman J. Equilibria of liquid iron slags of the system CaO-MgO-FeO-SiO2. transaction of American Institute of Mining. Metall Pet Eng (AIME). 1941;145:95–112.
  • Deo B, Boom R. Fundamentals of steelmaking metallurgy. London: Prentice & Hall International; 1993.
  • Turkdogan ET. Physical chemistry of high temperature technology. New York (NY): Academic Press; 1980; 7–11.
  • Kowalski M, Spencer PJ, Neuschütz D. Slag atlas. 2nd ed. Düsseldorf: Verlag Stahleisen GmbH; 1995.
  • Lumsden J. Physical chemistry of process metallurgy, part I. New York (NY): Interscience Publishers; 1961.
  • Ban-Ya S. Mathematical expression of slag-metal reactions in steelmaking process by quadratic formalism based on the regular solution model. ISIJ Int. 1993;33(1):2–11.
  • Darken LS. Thermodynamics of binary metallic solutions. Trans Metall Soc Am. 1967;239(1):80–90.
  • Yang XM, Shi CB, Zhang M, et al. A thermodynamic model for prediction of iron oxide activity in some FeO-containing slag systems. Steel Res Int. 2012;83:244–258.
  • Yang XM, Duan JP, Shi CS, et al. A thermodynamic model of phosphorus distribution ratio between CaO-SiO2-MgO-FeO-Fe2O3-MnO-Al2O3-P2O5 slags and molten steel during top-bottom combined blown converter steelmaking process based on the ion and molecule coexistence theory. Metall Mater Trans B. 2011;42B:738–770.
  • Yang XM, Shi CB, Zhang M, et al. A thermodynamic model of sulphur distribution ratio between CaO-SiO2-MgO-FeO-MnO-Al2O3 slags and molten steel during LF refining process based on the ion and molecule coexistence theory. Metall Mater Trans B. 2011;42B:1150–1180.
  • Pelton AD, Blander M. Thermodynamic analysis of ordered liquid solutions by a modified quasichemical approach-application to silicate slags. Metall. Mater. Trans. B. 1986;17B:805–815.
  • Eriksson G, Pelton AD. Critical evaluation and optimization of the thermodynamic properties and phase diagrams of the CaO-Al2O3, Al2O3-SiO2, and CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 systems. Metall Trans B. 1993;24B(5):807–816.
  • Gaye H, Welfringer J. Modelling of the thermodynamic properties of complex metallurgical slags. Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Metallurgical Slags and Fluxes. Lake Tahoe, Nevada: The Metallurgical Society of AIME; 1984. p. 357–375.
  • Hyun D B, Shim J B. Application of the subregular solution model in evaluating activity of iron oxide in steelmaking slags. Trans Iron Steel Inst Jpn. 1988;28:736–745.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.