Microstructure analysis and mineral phase transformation of coke in blast furnace

References

• Babich A, Senk D. Coke in the iron and steel industry. In: New trends coal convers. Duxford (UK): Woodhead Publishing; 2019. p. 367–404.
   Google Scholar
• Sai M, Jiao K, Zhang J, et al. Dissection study of the deadman in a commercial blast furnace hearth. Fuel Process Technol. 2021;221. doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2021.106916.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lundgren M, Khanna R, Ökvist LS, et al. The evolution of structural order as a measure of thermal history of coke in the blast furnace. Metall Mater Trans B. 2014;603–616:194–215.
   Google Scholar
• Roest R, Lomas H, Gupta S, et al. Fractographic approach to metallurgical coke failure analysis. part 3: characterisation of fracture mechanisms in a blast furnace coke. Fuel. 2016;180:803–812.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen F, Gupta S, Liu Y, et al. Effect of reaction conditions on coke tumbling strength, carbon structure and mineralogy. Fuel. 2013;111:223–228.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sakurovs R, Burke L. Influence of gas composition on the reactivity of cokes. Fuel Process Technol. 2011;92:1220–1224.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta S, Ye Z, Kim B, et al. Mineralogy and reactivity of cokes in a working blast furnace. Fuel Process Technol. 2014;117:30–37.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lv Q, Tian Y, Du P, et al. A study on the characteristics of coke in the hearth of a superlarge blast furnace. PLoS One. 2021;16:1–17.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiao K, Zhang J, Liu Z, et al. Circulation and accumulation of harmful elements in blast furnace and their impact on the fuel consumption. Ironmak Steelmak. 2017;44(5):344–350.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kazuberns K, Gupta S, Grigore M, et al. Coke mineral transformations in the experimental blast furnace. Energy Fuels. 2008;22:3407–3419.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang Z, Jiao K, Ning X, et al. Behavior of alkalis accumulation of coke in cohesive zone. Energy Fuels. 2018;32:8383–8391.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niu Q, Cheng S, Xu W, et al. Changes in microstructure and chemical composition of deadman coke of a 2800 m3 industrial blast furnace. ISIJ Int. 2018;58:667–676.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li K, Zhang J, Liu Y, et al. Graphitization of coke and its interaction with slag in the hearth of a blast furnace. Metall Mater Trans B. 2016;47: 811–818.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shimizu H, Sato K, Kojima M, et al. Investigation of coke degradation behavior in blast furnace. Tetsu-to-Hagane. 1986;72:195–202.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta S, Ye Z, Kanniala R, et al. Coke graphitization and degradation across the tuyere regions in a blast furnace. Fuel. 2013;113:77–85.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gornostayev S, Harkki J. Graphite crystals in blast furnace coke. Carbon N Y. 2007;45:1145–1151.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fan X, Jiao K, Zhang J, et al. Coke microstructure and graphitization across the hearth deadman regions in a commercial blast furnace. ISIJ Int. 2019;59:1770–1775.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang Z, Jiao K, Zhang J. Graphitization behavior of coke in the cohesive zone. Metall Mater Trans B. 2018;49:2956–2962.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andrade D, Tavares R, Quintas A, et al. Evaluation of the permeability of the dripping zone and of flooding phenomena in a blast furnace. J Mater Res Technol. 2019;8(1):134–139.
   Google Scholar
• Khairil K, Kamihashira D, Naruse I. Interaction between molten coal ash and coke in raceway of blast furnace. Proc Combust Inst. 2002;29:805–810.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li K, Zhang J, Liu Z, et al. Interfaces between coke, slag, and metal in the tuyere level of a blast furnace. Metall Mater Trans B. 2015;46:1104–1111.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li K, Zhang J, Sun M, et al. Existence state and structures of extracted coke and accompanied samples from tuyere zone of a large-scale blast furnace. Fuel. 2018;225:299–310.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lomas H, Roest R, Gupta S, et al. Petrographic analysis and characterisation of a blast furnace coke and its wear mechanisms. Fuel. 2017;200:89–99.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rantitsch G, Bhattacharyya A, Günbati A, et al. Microstructural evolution of metallurgical coke: evidence from Raman spectroscopy. Int J Coal Geol. 2020;227. doi:10.1016/j.coal.2020.103546.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iljana M, Mattila O, Alatarvas T, et al. Effect of circulating elements on the dynamic reduction swelling behaviour of olivine and acid iron ore pellets under simulated blast furnace shaft conditions. ISIJ Int. 2013;53:419–426.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu C, Sahajwalla V. Dissolution rates of coals and graphite in Fe-C-S melts in direct ironmaking: influence of melt carbon and sulfur on carbon dissolution. Metall Mater Trans B. 2000;31(2):243–251.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gornostayev S, Heikkinen E, Heino J, et al. Occurrence and behavior of sulfur-bearing minerals in metallurgical coke. Steel Res Int. 2018;89(4). doi:10.1002/srin.201700470.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nightingale R, Dippenaar R, Lu W. Developments in blast furnace process control at Port Kembla based on process fundamentals. Metall Mater Trans B. 2000;31(5):993–1003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta S, French D, Sakurovs R, et al. Minerals and iron-making reactions in blast furnaces. Prog Energy Combust Sci. 2008;34(2):155–197.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niu Q, Cheng S, Xu W, et al. Analysis of the coke particle size distribution and porosity of deadman based on blast furnace hearth dissection. ISIJ Int. 2019;59(11):1997–2004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar