Recent advances in inclusions and central segregation control technology in tyre cord steel and saw wire steel

References

• Xu XQ. New products and new technologies of special steel wire. Beijing: Metallurgical Industry Press; 2016, p. 261.
   Google Scholar
• Chen CY, Jiang ZH, Li Y, et al. State of the art in the control of inclusions in tire cord steels and saw wire steels–a review. Steel Res Int. 2019;90(8):1800547.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu JK. Research on central burst fracture defects of steel rod during wire drawing. Shenyang, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Bidiville A, Wasmer K, Van d MM, et al. Wire-sawing processes: parametrical study and modeling. Sol Energy Mater Solar Cells. 2015;132:392–402.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen K, Ma H, Liao SL, et al. Overview and quality analysis of high strength cord steel. Proceedings of 2015 national symposium on wire rod and small section steel, Yichang, Hubei, China Society of metals, 2015. p. 30–361.
   Google Scholar
• Chen SH, Jiang M, He XF, et al. Top slag refining for inclusion composition transform control in tire cord steel. Int J Miner Metall Mater. 2012;19(6):20–28.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maeda S, Soejima T, Saito T. Shape control of inclusions in wire rods for high tensile tire cord by refining with synthetic slag. Steelmaking Conference proceedings, Chicago, 1989. p. 379–385.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang LF. Several important scientific research points of non-metallic inclusions in steel. Steel-making. 2016;32(4):1–16.
   Google Scholar
• Huang YM. Feasibility discussion on tyre cord steel production by bloom continuous casting process at PZH steel. Iron Steel Vanadium Titanium. 2004;25(1):51–61.
   Google Scholar
• Pan XL, Wang YH, Liang HZ, et al. Advanced steel-making technology in tire cord steel. World Iron Steel. 2011;11(2):17–22.
   Google Scholar
• Liu HY, Zhou P, Wan BY, et al. Research progress of cord steel. Proceedings of commemorating the 40th anniversary of the founding of metal products and 2012 technical information exchange meeting of metal products industry, China Metal Society, National Metal Products Information Network, Editorial Department of Metal Products, Jiyuan, Henan, 2012. p. 49–55.
   Google Scholar
• Huang B, He LB, Gao ZF, et al. Production status and development trends of wire rod for steel cord in Asia. Steel Wire Products. 2011;37(6):49–53.
   Google Scholar
• Zhao Z, Che A, Quan SY, et al. Microstructure and properties of LX72 and LX82 cord steels analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscope. Heat Treat Met. 2019;44(9):52–57.
   Google Scholar
• Cao SW, Kang YL, Wang XJ, et al. Development of low-cost LX70A rod for steel cord. Adv Mat Res. 2011;239-242:2474–2478.
   Google Scholar
• Meng XC, Liu Y, Shi BH, et al. Thermal diffusion rule of central carbon segregation in billets for steel cord. Heat Treat Met. 2009;34(11):101–104.
   Google Scholar
• He CH, Wang XH, Jiang M, et al. The 27th annual meeting of special steel. The Chinese Society for Metals, Tianjin; 2014. p. 439.
   Google Scholar
• Wang SF, Ma H, Feng GX. Effect of central segregation of continuous casting slab on ply breakage of lx72a steel cord . Special Steel. 2011;32(4):31–33.
   Google Scholar
• Yang J, Wang XH, Liu YB, et al. Experimental investigation of fatigue properties of high strength steels 82A and 82B. Steel-Mak. 2010;26(6):49–52.
   Google Scholar
• Toh T, Yamamura H, Kondoh H, et al. Inclusions behavior analysis during levitation melting of steel in cold crucible for application to cleanliness assessment. ISIJ Int. 2006;45(7):984–990.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cramb W. Inclusion formation and agglomeration in aluminum killed steels. 84 th Steel-making conference proceedings; 2001. p. 789–829.
   Google Scholar
• Chen LJ, Chen WQ, Hu Y, et al. Effects of K2CO3 addition on inclusions in high-carbon steel for saw wire. High Temp Mater Process. 2018;37(2):383–391.
   Google Scholar
• Chen CY, Li JQ, Wu HT. Research progress of refractories for steel clad cord . Refract Lime. 2019;44(1):22–25.
   Google Scholar
• Iemura K, Ichihashi H, Kawami A, et al. Steelmaking process for high-carbon tyre cord steel. Clean Steel. 1986;3:160–167.
   Google Scholar
• Ueno A, Kimura K, Kawami A, et al. Improvement in steelmaking process for clean steel of wire rods. 70th Steelmaking Conference proceedings; 1987. p. 389–395.
   Google Scholar
• Seo JK, Kim YT, Kim DH. Nonmetallic inclusion control of steel for tyre cord and saw wire. 5th International congress on the science and technology of steelmaking, Dresden; ICS 2012 Organisers; 2012. p. 1250–1254.
   Google Scholar
• Shinsho Y, Nozaki T, Sorimac K, et al. Influence of secondary steelmakingon occurrence ogh-carbon steecord. Wire J Int. 1988;21(9):145–153.
   Google Scholar
• Liu ZH, Qin FT. Effect of antioxidant in Mgo c brick on acid soluble aluminum in tire cord steel. Steelmaking. 2020;36(5):69–74.
   Google Scholar
• Yoshida K, Norasethasopon S, Shinohara T, et al. Influence of flaws of wire rod surface, inclusions and voids on wire breaks in superfine wire drawing. JSME Int J. 2003;46(3):365–370.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wei FL, He SP, Li ZS, et al. Optimization of slagging process for LF refining of 82B hard wire steel. Steel-Mak. 2011;27(5):20–22.
   Google Scholar
• Yang P, Zhang LF, Jiang LP, et al. Effect of low carbon tapping on inclusions in steel from converter for cord steel. Proceedings of 2019 (21st) national steel-making annual meeting, China Society of Metals, Xi'an; 2019. p. 1–5.
   Google Scholar
• Wang RM, Gui JB, Ren AC. Actual product quality comparison analysis of domestic and overseas tire cord steel wire rod. Steel Wire Products. 2015;41(6):49–53.
   Google Scholar
• He PX, Wang QF, Lu XM, et al. Effect of refractory materials containing Al2O3 on aluminum addition of cord steel. Proceedings of the 10th national youth symposium on refractories , Beijing, China Society of Metals; 2006. p. 255–259.
   Google Scholar
• Tao SP. Effect of MgO based and Al2O3 based refractories for ladle lining on steel quality. Zhengzhou: Zhengzhou University; 2007.
   Google Scholar
• Chao Y. Basic research on the interaction between refractories and molten steel for magnesium aluminum ladle refining. Beijing: University of Science and Technology; 2008.
   Google Scholar
• Zhao HQ, Chen WQ. Effect of crucible material and top slag composition on inclusion composition of cord steel. J Iron Steel Res. 2012;24:12–16.
   Google Scholar
• Wang BX, Guo DY, Ren YH, et al. Effect of submerged nozzle material on steel quality during continuous casting of cord steel. Metal Products. 2013;5:33–35.
   Google Scholar
• Chen LJ, Chen WQ, Hu Y, et al. Effect of Al antioxidant in MgO-C refractory on the formation of Al2O3-rich inclusions in high-carbon steel for saw wire under vacuum conditions. Ironmak Steelmak. 2016;45(4):1–8.
   Google Scholar
• Qin GQ. Effect of refractories on inclusions in spring steel and cutting wire steel. Shenyang: Northeast University; 2018.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang LF. Non metallic inclusions in steel grades: industrial practice. Beijing: Metallurgical Industry Press; 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Deng ZY, Cheng LJ, Zhu M. Effect of refractory on nonmetallic inclusions in Si-Mn-killed. Steel. Steel Res Int. 2019;90(12):28–39.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xue ZL, Hu HJ, Yu XB, et al. Control of acid soluble aluminum in the refining process of cord steel 82B. Steelmaking. 2003;19(1):22–25.
   Google Scholar
• Cao SW, Kang YL, Wang XJ. Development of LX70 wire rod for steel cord. Iron Steel. 2011;46(9):74–77.
   Google Scholar
• Ding RF, Zhang DW, Wang YH, et al. Application status of central segregation control technology in continuous casting slab of cord steel. Shanghai Metal. 2017;39(4):75–84.
   Google Scholar
• Francois M, Payraudeau L, Jallon M. High tensile wire rod for time cord. Wire J Int. 1989;22(1):54–58.
   Google Scholar
• Dai NC, Bao YP, Wang M, et al. Transformation of inclusions in 82a cord steel in cas-lf-vd refining process. Special Steel. 2015;36(4):45–48.
   Google Scholar
• Dai NC, Bao YP, Wang M, et al. Control of nitrogen content in the refining process of cord steel 82a [EB/OL]. Beijing: China Science and Technology Paper Online; 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Wang QG, Li JS, Tang HY, et al. Research on cleanliness of 82B steel produced by LD→LF→CC process . 炼钢. 2011;27(6):57–61.
   Google Scholar
• Pan YF, Wu B, Li BY, et al. Study on inclusions during refining and continuous casting of cord steel. Steel Mak. 2014;30(4):52–56.
   Google Scholar
• Chang QJ, Ren WZ, Chao ZW. Application of inclusion plasticity treatment technology in Jiuquan steel 82B. Proceedings of the 11th China iron and steel annual meeting, China Society of Metals, Beijing, China; 2017. p. 181–185.
   Google Scholar
• Hong GH, Yang SH, Xiao B, et al. The production status and development prospects of spring steel at home and abroad. Modern Metall. 2009;37(1):1–4.
   Google Scholar
• Shen Y, Shen B, Wu J, et al. Technology development and production process situation of spring steel. Metal Products. 2009;35(3):22–25.
   Google Scholar
• Xing XQ. Present situation of low-alloy spring steel wire rod for domestic automobile. Metal Products. 2010;36(6):34–39.
   Google Scholar
• Xu KD. China's special steel production over the past 60 years. Iron Steel. 2014;49(7):2–7.
   Google Scholar
• Yang ZQ, Sang HQ. POSCO SAE9254V is compared with Baosteel 55SiCr spring steel wire rod. Commemoration of the 40th anniversary of the establishment of the national metal products information network and the collection of papers of the 2014 metal products industry technical information exchange conference, Xiangtan, Hubei, China; 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Hu Y, Chen WQ, Han HB, et al. Quality contrast of domestic and overseas spring steel wire rod valve spring. Steelmaking. 2015;31(6):47–52.
   Google Scholar
• Li SX, Weng YQ, Hui WJ, et al. Very high cycle fatigue properties of high strength steels. Beijing: Metallurgical Industry Press; 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Jiang CX, Yue F, Xin CP. Inclusions control in 55SiCr cantilever spring steel. Chin J Eng. 2016;38(z1):96–100.
   Google Scholar
• Wang XH, Xiao W, Zhang ZL, et al. Influence of structure optimization of heterotype tundish on inclusion in wire cord steel. China Metall. 2019;29(2):4–7.
   Google Scholar
• Chen CY, Jiang ZH, Li Y, et al. Effect of Rb2O on inclusion removal in C96V saw wire steels using low-basiciy LF refining slag. ISIJ Int. 2018;58(11):2032–2041.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li Y, Chen CY, Jiang ZH, et al. Application of alkali oxides in LF refining slag for enhancing inclusion removal in C96V saw wire steel. ISIJ Int. 2018;58(7):1232–1241.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen CY, Jiang ZH, Li Y, et al. Effect of Na2O and Rb2O on inclusion removal in C96V saw wire steels using low-basicity LF refining slags. Metals 2018;8(9):691.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen CY, Jiang ZH, Li Y, et al. Effect of 2O on inclusion removal in C96V Saw Wire Steels Using Low-Basicity Lf Refining slags. The 7th Australia-China-Japan joint symposium on iron and steelmaking, Suzhou, China; 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Wang K, Wang Y, Lai Y, et al. An innovative CaO–SiO2–MgO-refining slag containing 12 to 16 mass Pct MgO for tire cord steel. Metall Mater Trans B. 2022;53(2):651–655.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li N, Wang L, Xue ZL, et al. Study of precipitation and growth processes of Ti-bearing inclusions in tire cord steel. Results Phys. 2020;16:102929.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lei JL, Xue ZL, Zhu HY. Research progress on non-metallic inclusion in tire cord steel for radial tire. J Iron Steel Res. 2018;30(11):847–856.
   Google Scholar
• Tian QR. Precipitation and evolution mechanism of TiN inclusion in GCr15 bearing steel. Liaoning: University of Science and Technology; 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Wang L, Xue ZL, Zhu HY, et al. Thermodynamic analysis of precipitation behavior of Ti-bearing inclusions in SWRH 92A tire cord steel. Results Phys. 2019;14:102428.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xue Z, Li N, Wang L, et al. A coupling model predicting the precipitation and growth of MnS inclusions in U75V high-carbon heavy rail steel. Metall Mater Trans B. 2021;52(6):3860–3874.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li N, Wang L, Li CZ, et al. Precipitation thermodynamics and formation mechanism of Ti inclusions in hypereutectoid tire cord steel. J Iron Steel Res. 2022;34(3):200–211.
   Google Scholar
• Gui L, Long M, Zhang H, et al. Study on the precipitation and coarsening of TiN inclusions in Ti-microalloyed steel by a modified coupling model. J Mater Res Technol. 2020;9(3):5499–5514.
   Google Scholar
• Wang P, Li C, Wang L, et al. Thermodynamic analysis of TiN precipitation in SWRH92A high carbon tire cord steel under the influence of solute micro-segregations during solidification. Metall Mater Trans B. 2021;52(4):2056–2071.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Isaev OB. Effectiveness of using large cooling elements to alleviate axial segregation in continuous-cast ingots. Metallurgist 2005;49(7):324–331.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen H, Zhang L, Zhao S, et al. Research progress on segregation control of continuous casting center. Hot Working Process. 2012;41(9):45–48.
   Google Scholar
• Li WB, Wang F, Qi FS, et al. Mathematical simulation of solidification process of continuous casting slab fed with steel strip in mould. Acta Metall Sin. 2007;43(11):1191–1194.
   Google Scholar
• Habu Y, Itoyama S, Emi T, et al. Improving cast structure and centerline segregation of continuously cast slabs by adding steel strip into mold. Tetsu-to-Hagane. 1981;67(9):1498–1507.
   Google Scholar
• Li WB. Modeling of heat transfer in solidification of advanced continuous casting processes of steel and software development. Shenyang: Northeastern University; 2007.
   Google Scholar
• Li BK, Li WB, Wang F, et al. Mathematical model on feeding steel strip of mold in continuous casting process. Proceedings of the 16th national steelmaking conference , China Society of Metals, Shenzhen, China; 2010. p. 400–408.
   Google Scholar
• Li BK, Li WB, Wang F, et al. Mathematical model oil feeding steel strip of mold in continuous casting process. Proceedings of 2008 national conference on steelmaking and continuous casting, China Society of Metals, Hangzhou, China; 2008. p. 513–519, 536.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang Y. The enthalpy analysis in process of solidification of continuous casting mold by the technology of steel strip feeding. Shenyang: Northeastern University; 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Li YT. Research on key technology of continuous casting mold feeding steel. Shanghai: Shanghai Jiaotong University; 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Li YT, Zhang L, Xu HW. Melting process of steel strip and microstructure of ingot with steel-strip fed in molten steel. J Iron Steel Res. 2011;11:54–58.
   Google Scholar
• Ma ZW, Zhang H, Hu J, et al. Numerical simulation of heat transfer in the process of vibration from the consumption of strip melting. Iron Steel. 2011;46(5):43–48.
   Google Scholar
• Su W. Research on internal quality control of high carbon steel continuous casting billet. Shenyang: Northeast University; 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Xing XQ, Li JQ. Research progress of ultra high strength steel wire for steel cord . Metalwork. 1999;25(6):7–10.
   Google Scholar
• Yao Z, Liang ZH, Li QZ, et al. Control and improvement of central segregation in high-carbon steel continuous cast billets. Jiangxi Metall 2011;31(1):1–4.
   Google Scholar
• Gao W, Li JS, Yang SF, et al. Study on optimization of F-EMS parameters of tire cord steel in billet. Ind Heat. 2016;45(3):23–26.
   Google Scholar
• Tao XW, Wang ZZ, Mao XY, et al. Research progress in manufacturing technique of high-strength cord steel. Hot Work Technol. 2015;44(14):29–32.
   Google Scholar
• Cailiang J, Zhigang X, Ying W, et al. Simulation on solidification structure of 72A tire cord steel billet using CAFE method. China Foundry. 2012;9(1):53–59.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yan W, Chen WQ, Li J. Quality control of high carbon steel for steel wires. Materials 2019;12:846.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xie WX, Xu XH. Effect of end electromagnetic stirring parameters on central carbon segregation of cord steel 72A billet . Special Steel. 2010;31(1):28–29.
   Google Scholar
• Li WJ, Sha MH, Lin RL, et al. Effect of electromagnetic stirring at solidification end on solidification structure of bloom. Cast Technol. 2014;35(10):2329–2331.
   Google Scholar
• Gui ZL, Zhang ZL, Wang XH. Practice of electromagnetic stirring process for billet end of high carbon hard wire steel. Shanghai Metal. 2016;38(5):48–52.
   Google Scholar
• Hu ZD. Research and analysis on the influence of continuous casting process parameters on metallurgical effect of 70A, 72A, 75A cord steel billet. Sci Technol Innov Appl. 2017;19:46–47.
   Google Scholar
• Wan Y, Li MH, Chen LJ, et al. Effect of final electromagnetic stirring parameters on central cross-sectional carbon concentration distribution of high-carbon square billet. Metals. 2019;9(6):665–681.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kojima S, Imai T, Mizota H, et al. Improvement of centerline segregation in continuously cast strand by continuous forging process. J Iron Steel Res. 1993;78(12):1794–1801.
   Google Scholar
• Chen XH, Song JP, Yin H, et al. Process parameters of bloom dynamic soft reduction optimization on the internal quality of high carbon steel. Proceedings of the 9th national annual conference on continuous casting in 2011, China Society of Metals, Zhuhai, China; 2011. p. 130–133.
   Google Scholar
• Zeng J, Chen WQ. Formation mechanism of center negative segregation in continuous casting of high carbon rectangular billet with soft reduction. J Iron Steel Res. 2016;28(3):51–55.
   Google Scholar
• Du YW, He RF, Zhang JY, et al. Study on the static soft reduction fomed by the pulling straightening roller in continuous cast high carbon steel billet. Steelmaking. 2015;31(4):59–62.
   Google Scholar
• Gao YB, Zeng J. Effect of rectangular billet soft reduction on internal quality of 82B. Proceedings of 2017 symposium on common technology of high efficiency, low cost and intelligent steelmaking , China Society of Metals, Huaifang, China; 2017. p. 199–205.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang BC, Jin MY, Li ZG, et al. Determination of parameters of soft reduction in high carbon steel continuous casting blooms. Spec Cast Nonferrous Alloys. 2014;34(1):32–33.
   Google Scholar
• Huang H, Xu LJ, Qiu ST. Effect of soft reduction parameters on metallurgical quality of 230 mm casting slab of high carbon steel 75Cr1. Special Steel. 2016;37(6):52–55.
   Google Scholar
• Zeng J, Chen WQ, Cao CF, et al. Effect of soft reduction on inner quality of 82B steel rectangular bloom. Steelmaking. 2015;31(4):63–67.
   Google Scholar
• Li DJ, Liao XW, Yu FZ, et al. Effect of soft reduction on inner quality of high carbon steel billets. Shanghai Metals. 2017;39(6):45–49.
   Google Scholar
• Yu FZ, Xiangwei I, et al. Experimental research on the effect of heavy reduction on the carbon segregation of tire cord steel bloom. The 6th International congress on the science and technology of steelmaking, ICS2015, The Chinese Society for Metals, CSM, Beijing, China;2015. p. 492–495.
   Google Scholar
• Abdel-rehim M, Reif W. Practical application for solidification of metals and alloys under ultrasonic vbration. Metall. 1984;38(12):1156–1160.
   Google Scholar
• Huang YM. Feasibility discussion on tyre cord steel production by bloom continuous casting process at PZH steel. Iron Steel Vanadium Titanium. 2004;25(1):51–61.
   Google Scholar
• Li JW, Zhang HZ, Xia NP, et al. Original position statistic distribution analysis for the large square billet of 82A tire cord steel. Metall Anal. 2013;33(7):1–9.
   Google Scholar
• Ou YSZ. USS/kobe put cord steel into production through billet caster. WISCO Technol. 2002;40(3):59–62.
   Google Scholar
• Gu YG. Study on hot rolling process of high strength tire cord steel 92a for automobile. Hot Work Process. 2018;47(7):108–111.
   Google Scholar
• Wan GJ, Han RY. Quality comparison of steel cord steel produced by bloom continuous casting and billet continuous casting. Proceedings of the first baosteel annual Conference. China Society of Metals, Shanghai; 2004. p. 281–284.
   Google Scholar
• Wang SF, Ma H, Feng GX. Effect of central segregation of continuous casting slab on ply breakage of lx72a steel cord. Special Steel. 2011;32(4):31–33.
   Google Scholar
• Xu ZD, Gui JB, Ren AC, et al. Effect of secondary heating process on the quality of cord steel. Mining Metall. 2015;24(S1):249–251.
   Google Scholar