1,293
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Pages 201-236 | Received 22 Nov 2020, Accepted 25 Feb 2023, Published online: 27 Mar 2023

References

  • Ahram, A. I. 2016. “Pro-Government Militias and the Repertoires of Illicit State Violence.” Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 39 (3): 207–226. doi:10.1080/1057610X.2015.1104025.
  • Albertus, M. 2015. “The Role of Subnational Politicians in Distributive Politics: Political Bias in Venezuela’s Land Reform under Chávez.” Comparative Political Studies 48 (13): 1667–1710. doi:10.1177/0010414015600457.
  • Albertus, M., T. Brambor, and R. Ceneviva. 2018. “Land Inequality and Rural Unrest: Theory and Evidence from Brazil.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 62 (3): 557–596. doi:10.1177/0022002716654970.
  • Albertus, M., and O. Kaplan. 2013. “Land Reform as a Counterinsurgency Policy: Evidence from Colombia.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 57 (2): 198–231. doi:10.1177/0022002712446130.
  • Aliyev, H. 2016. “Strong Militias, Weak States and Armed Violence: Towards a Theory of ‘State-Parallel’ Paramilitaries.” Security Dialogue 47 (6): 498–516. doi:10.1177/0967010616669900.
  • Arjona, A. 2014. “Wartime Institutions: A Research Agenda.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 58 (8): 1360–1389. doi:10.1177/0022002714547904.
  • Arjona, A. 2016. Rebelocracy: Social Order in the Colombian Civil War. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Bagozzi, B. E., O. Koren, and B. Mukherjee. 2017. “Droughts, Land Appropriation, and Rebel Violence in the Developing World.” The Journal of Politics 79 (3): 1057–1072. doi:10.1086/691057.
  • Balcells, L. 2010. “Rivalry and Revenge: Violence against Civilians in Conventional Civil Wars.” International Studies Quarterly 54 (2): 291–313. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2478.2010.00588.x.
  • Balcells, L. 2011. “Continuation of Politics by Two Means: Direct and Indirect Violence in Civil War.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 55 (3): 397–422. doi:10.1177/0022002711400865.
  • Barnes, N. 2021. “The Logic of Criminal Territorial Control: Military Intervention in Rio De Janeiro.” Comparative Political Studies 0 (0): 1–43.
  • Berg, L. A., and M. Carranza. 2018. “Organized Criminal Violence and Territorial Control: Evidence from Northern Honduras.” Journal of Peace Research 55 (5): 566–581. doi:10.1177/0022343317752796.
  • Beyers, C. 2013. “Urban Land Restitution and the Struggle for Social Citizenship in South Africa.” Development and Change 44 (4): 965–989. doi:10.1111/dech.12041.
  • Boone, C. 2011. “Politically Allocated Land Rights and the Geography of Electoral Violence: The Case of Kenya in the 1990s.” Comparative Political Studies 44 (10): 1311–1342. doi:10.1177/0010414011407465.
  • Brockett, C. D. 1992. “Measuring Political Violence and Land Inequality in Central America.” American Political Science Review 86 (1): 169–176. doi:10.2307/1964022.
  • Centro Nacional de Memoria Histórica (CNMH). 2016. “Tierras y conflictos rurales: Historia, políticas agrarias y protagonistas.” Accessed June 2021. http://centrodememoriahistorica.gov.co/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/tierras-y-conflictos-rurales.pdf.
  • Collier, P., and A. Hoeffler. 2004. “Greed and Grievance in Civil War.” Oxford Economic Papers 56 (4): 563–595. doi:10.1093/oep/gpf064.
  • Conley, T. G. 1999. “GMM Estimation with Cross Sectional Dependence.” Journal of Econometrics 92 (1): 1–45. doi:10.1016/S0304-4076(98)00084-0.
  • Coyne, I. T. 1997. “Sampling in Qualitative Research. Purposeful and Theoretical Sampling: Merging or Clear Boundaries?” Journal of Advanced Nursing 26 (3): 623–630. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2648.1997.t01-25-00999.x.
  • De la Calle, L., and I. Sanchez-Cuenca. 2015. “How Armed Groups Fight: Territorial Control and Violent Tactics.” Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 38 (10): 795–813. doi:10.1080/1057610X.2015.1059103.
  • Esteban, J. M., and D. Ray. 2011. “Linking Conflict to Inequality and Polarization.” American Economic Review 101 (4): 1345–1374. doi:10.1257/aer.101.4.1345.
  • Faguet, J. P., F. Sánchez, and M. J. Villaveces. 2020. “The Perversion of Public Land Distribution by Landed Elites: Power, Inequality and Development in Colombia.” World Development 136: 1–23. doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105036.
  • García de la Torre, C. I., and C. I. Aramburo-Siegert. 2011. Geografías de la guerra, el poder y la resistencia. Medellín: CINEP-ODECOFI and Instituto de Estudios Regionales.
  • Giraldo, Ramírez, J. ed. 2011. Economía criminal en Antioquia: Narcotráfico. Medellín: Universidad EAFIT.
  • Grajales, J. 2011. “The Rifle and the Title: Paramilitary Violence, Land Grab and Land Control in Colombia.” Journal of Peasant Studies 38 (4): 771–792. doi:10.1080/03066150.2011.607701.
  • Grajales, J. 2013. “State Involvement, Land Grabbing and Counter-Insurgency in Colombia.” Development and Change 44 (2): 211–232. doi:10.1111/dech.12019.
  • Gross, L. ed. 1995. Handbook of Leftist Guerrilla Groups in Latin America and the Caribbean, 1st Ed. New York: Routledge.
  • Grossman, H. I. 1994. “Production, Appropriation, and Land Reform.” American Economic Review 84 (3): 705–712.
  • Gutiérrez Sanín, F. 2008. “Telling the Difference: Guerrillas and Paramilitaries in the Colombian War.” Politics & Society 36 (1): 3–34. doi:10.1177/0032329207312181.
  • Gutiérrez Sanín, F., and E. J. Wood. 2014. “Ideology in Civil War: Instrumental Adoption and beyond.” Journal of Peace Research 51 (2): 213–226. doi:10.1177/0022343313514073.
  • Helmke, G., and Levitsky S. eds. 2006. Informal Institutions and Democracy: Lessons from Latin America. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
  • Helweg-Larsen, S. 2003. “The Peace of the Oligarchs: Land Distribution and the Guatemalan Peace Process.” Revue Canadienne D'études du Développement [Canadian Journal of Development Studies] 24 (4): 617–632. doi:10.1080/02255189.2003.9668948.
  • Ibáñez, A. M., and J. C. Muñoz-Mora. 2010. “The Persistence of Land Concentration in Colombia: What Happened between 2000 and 2009.” In Distributive Justice in Transitions, edited by M., Bergsmo C. Rodríguez-Garavito P. Kalmanovitz and M. P. Saffon, 279–323. Olso: Torkel Opsahl Academic (Epublisher).
  • Joshi, M., and T. D. Mason. 2010. “Land Tenure, Democracy, and Patterns of Violence during the Maoist Insurgency in Nepal, 1996–2005.” Social Science Quarterly 91 (4): 984–1006. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6237.2010.00745.x.
  • Kalyvas, S. N. 2006. The Logic of Violence in Civil War. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Kalyvas, S. N. 2015. “Is ISIS a Revolutionary Group and If Yes, What Are the Implications?” Perspectives on Terrorism 9 (4): 42–47.
  • Kalyvas, S. N., and A. Arjona. 2005. “Paramilitarismo: Una perspectiva teórica.” In Rangel a El Poder Paramilitar, edited by Alfredo Rangel. 25–45. Bogotá: Editorial Planeta
  • Korf, B. 2005. “Rethinking the Greed-Grievance Nexus: Property Rights and the Political Economy of War in Sri Lanka.” Journal of Peace Research 42 (2): 201–217. doi:10.1177/0022343305050691.
  • Kruijt, D. 2008. Guerrillas: War and Peace in Central America. London: Zed Books.
  • Lessing, B. 2015. “The Logic of Violence in Criminal War.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 59 (8): 1486–1516. doi:10.1177/0022002715587100.
  • Lessing, B., and G. D. Willis. 2019. “Legitimacy in Criminal Governance: Managing a Drug Empire from behind Bars.” American Political Science Review 113 (2): 584–606. doi:10.1017/S0003055418000928.
  • Luca, G. D., and P. G. Sekeris. 2012. “Land Inequality and Conflict Intensity.” Public Choice 150 (1–2): 119–135. doi:10.1007/s11127-010-9692-8.
  • Magaloni, B., E. Franco-Vivanco, and V. Melo. 2020. “Killing in the Slums: Social Order, Criminal Governance, and Police Violence in Rio De Janeiro.” American Political Science Review 114 (2): 552–572. doi:10.1017/S0003055419000856.
  • Mason, T. D. 1986. “Land Reform and the Breakdown of Clientelist Politics in El Salvador.” Comparative Political Studies 18 (4): 487–516. doi:10.1177/0010414086018004004.
  • Muller, E. N., and M. A. Seligson. 1987. “Inequality and Insurgency.” American Political Science Review 81 (2): 425–451. doi:10.2307/1961960.
  • Muñoz Mora, J. C., J. Giraldo, J. A. Fortou, and S. L. Johansson. 2021. Esta Tierra es mi Tierra. Conflicto Armado y Propiedad Rural en Urabá, Colombia. Medellín: Editorial Universidad EAFIT.
  • Nussio, E., and K. Howe. 2016. “When Protection Collapses: Post-Demobilization Trajectories of Violence.” Terrorism and Political Violence 28 (5): 848–867. doi:10.1080/09546553.2014.955916.
  • Parsons, J. J. 1968. Antioqueño Colonization in Western Colombia. 2nd ed. Spring Green: University of California Press.
  • Parsons, J. J. 1967. Antioquia’s Corridor to the Sea: An Historical Geography of the Settlement of Urabá. New York: University of California Press.
  • Programa Somos Defensores. 2022. “Sistema de Información sobre Agresiones contra Defensores y Defensoras de los Derechos Humanos (SIADDHH). Accessed 12 June 2022. https://somosdefensores.org.
  • Reyes Posada, A. 2009. Guerreros y campesinos: El despojo de la tierra en Colombia. Bogotá: Editorial Norma.
  • Rivera, M., and G. Duncan. 2018. “Colombian Paramilitaries: From Death Squads to State Competitors.” The Global South 12 (2): 109–130. doi:10.2979/globalsouth.12.2.06.
  • Rubin, M. A. 2020. “Rebel Territorial Control and Civilian Collective Action in Civil War: Evidence from the Communist Insurgency in the Philippines.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 64 (2-3): 459–489. doi:10.1177/0022002719863844.
  • Russet, B. M. 1964. “Inequality and Instability: The Relation of Land Tenure to Politics.” World Politics 16 (3): 442–454.
  • Schwartz, R. A. 2022. “Rewriting the Rules of Land Reform: Counterinsurgency and the Property Rights Gap in Wartime Nicaragua.” Small Wars & Insurgencies. Advance online publication DOI: 10.1080/09592318.2022.2033497
  • Seawright, J. 2016. Multi-Method Social Science: Combining Qualitative and Quantitative Tools. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Skaperdas, S. 2001. “The Political Economy of Organized Crime: Providing Protection When the State Does Not.” Economics of Governance 2 (3): 173–202. doi:10.1007/PL00011026.
  • Staniland, P. 2015. “Militias, Ideology, and the State.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 59 (5): 770–793. doi:10.1177/0022002715576749.
  • Steele, A. 2011. “Electing Displacement: Political Cleansing in Apartadó, Colombia.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 55 (3): 423–445. doi:10.1177/0022002711400975.
  • Stewart, M. A., and Y. M. Liou. 2017. “Do Good Borders Make Good Rebels? Territorial Control and Civilian Casualties.” The Journal of Politics 79 (1): 284–301. doi:10.1086/688699.
  • Tate, W. 2001. “Paramilitaries in Colombia.” The Brown Journal of World Affairs 8 (1): 163–175.
  • Thaler, K. M. 2017. “Mixed Methods Research in the Study of Political and Social Violence and Conflict.” Journal of Mixed Methods Research 11 (1): 59–76. doi:10.1177/1558689815585196.
  • Thomson, H. 2016. “Rural Grievances, Landholding Inequality, and Civil Conflict.” International Studies Quarterly 60 (3): 511–519. doi:10.1093/isq/sqw023.
  • Unidad para la Atención y la Reparación Integral de Víctimas (UARIV). 2020. “Registro Único de Víctimas (RUV).” Accessed June 2022. https://www.unidadvictimas.gov.co/es/registro-unico-de-victimas-ruv/37394.
  • Valencia Agudelo, G. D. 2007. “Reconstrucción analítica del proceso de desarme, desmovilización y reinserción con las Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia, 2002–2007.” Perfil de Coyuntura Económica 10: 147–191.
  • Verdad, Abierta. 2009, December 21. “Testaferros de Castaño son dueños de 200 predios en Urabá.” Accessed 12 February 2022. https://bit.ly/2Gb9NlH.
  • Weinstein, J. M. 2007. Inside Rebellion: The Politics of Insurgent Violence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Wickham-Crowley, T. P. 1993. Guerrillas and Revolution in Latin America: A Comparative Study of Insurgents and Regimes since 1956. New Haven: Princeton University Press.
  • Wily, L. A. 2009. “Tackling Land Tenure in the Emergency to Development Transition in Post-Conflict States: From Restitution to Reform.” In Uncharted Territory: Land, Conflict, and Humanitarian Action, edited by S. Pantuliano. UK: Practical Actions Publishing.