The non-formal arts learning sector, youth provision, and paradox in the learning city

References

• ACE. (2017). 2015–16 Annual Submission Full Data Set.
   Google Scholar
• Amin, A. (2014). Lively infrastructure. Theory, Culture & Society, 31(7–8), 137–161.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Apples and Snakes. (2015). Apples and Snakes: Annual Report and Financial Statements, London: Apples and Snakes.
   Google Scholar
• Bayat, A. (2007). Radical religion and the habitus of the dispossessed: Does Islamic militancy have an urban ecology. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 31(3), 579–590.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bekerman, Z., Burbules, N. C., & Silberman-Keller, D. (Eds.). (2005). Learning in places: The informal education reader. New York, NY: Peter Lang.
   Google Scholar
• Belfield, C., Crawford, C., & Sibieta, L. (2017). Long-run comparisons of spending per pupil across different stages of education. Institute for Fiscal Studies.
   Google Scholar
• Berry, S. (2017). London’s lost youth services: The dramatic disappearance of support and facilities for young people in London. London: UK.
   Google Scholar
• Bianchini, F. (1987). GLC R.I P. cultural policies in London 1981–1986. New Formations 1.
   Google Scholar
• Biesta, G. (2005). Against learning. Reclaiming a language for education in an age of learning. Nordisk Pedagogik, 23, 54–66.
   Google Scholar
• Blum-Ross, A., & Livingstone, S. M. (2016). From youth voice to youth entrepreneurs: The individualisation of digital media and learning. Journal of Digital and Media Literacy, 4, 1–2.
   Google Scholar
• Buckingham, D., & Jones, K. (2001). New Labour’s cultural turn: Some tensions in contemporary educational and cultural policy. Journal of Education Policy, 16(1), 1–14.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Canada Council for the Arts (CCA). (2007). The evolution of the Canada Council’s support for the arts. Retrieved from http://canadacouncil.ca/council/about-the-council/the-evolution
   Google Scholar
• Carr, S., & Lynch, K. (1968). Where learning happens. Daedalus, 97, 1277–1291.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crehan, K. (2011). Community art: An anthropological perspective. New York, NY: Berg.
   Google Scholar
• Creight-Tyte, S., & Gallimore, J. (2000). The UK national lottery and the arts: Reflections on the lottery’s impact and development. International Journal of Arts Management, 3(1), 19–31.
   Google Scholar
• Davies, B. (1999a). From Thatcherism to new labour: A history of the youth service in England (Vol. 1, pp. 1939–1979). Leicester, UK: Youth Work Press.
   Google Scholar
• Davies, B. (1999b). From Thatcherism to new labour: A history of the youth service in England (Vol. 2). Leicester, UK: Youth Work Press.
   Google Scholar
• Davis, M. (2004). Planet of slums: Urban involution and the informal proletariat. New Left Review, 26, 5–34.
   Google Scholar
• Dempsey, N. (2016). Arts funding: Statistics. House of Commons Library Briefing Paper, Number CBP 7655, 27.
   Google Scholar
• Douglas, S. (Ed.). (1991). Introduction. In Vancouver anthology: The institutional politics of art (pp. 11–22).Vancouver, BC: Talonbooks.
   Google Scholar
• Druick, Z. (2007). Projecting Canada: Government policy and documentary film at the National Film Board. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press.
   Google Scholar
• EKOS. (2007). Evaluation of London objective 2 creative and cultural industries projects. Frontline States Limited.
   Google Scholar
• Evans, G., & Foord, J. (2008). Cultural mapping and sustainable communities: Planning for the arts revisited. Journal of Cultural Trends, 17(2), 65–96.
   Google Scholar
• Facer, K., & Buchczyk, M. (2017, September). Materialising urban learning infrastructures. 12th Annual International Ethnography Symposium, University of Manchester.
   Google Scholar
• Facer, K., & Buchczyk, M. (2018). Walking the city: A method for exploring everyday public pedagogies. In J. Sefton-Green & O. Erstad (Eds.), Learning beyond the school: International perspectives on the schooled society (pp. 97–114). New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Faris, R. (2001). The way forward: Building a learning nation community by community. Discussion Paper Draft for Walter and Duncan Gordon Foundation.
   Google Scholar
• Gibson, K., O’Donnell, S., & Rideout, V. (2007). The project-funding regime: Complications for community organisations and their staff. Canadian Public Administration, 50(3), 411–436.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glaser, B., & Strauss, A. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory. New Brunswick, NJ: Aldine Transaction.
   Google Scholar
• Harvey, D. (2005). A brief history of neoliberalism. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hoggart, R. (1957/2009). The uses of literacy: Aspects of working-class life. Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin Modern Classics.
   Google Scholar
• Hutchins, G., Tom, C., & Sefton-Green, J. (2014). Now we are 10: Supporting talent into enterprise for London’s creative sector, 2004 to 2014. London, UK: BOP Consulting.
   Google Scholar
• Ilcan, S., & Basok, T. (2004). Community government: Voluntary agencies, social justice, and the responsibilisation of citizens. Citizenship Studies, 8(2), 129–144.
   Google Scholar
• James, T. (1993). The winnowing of organisations. In S. B. Heath & M. McLaughlin (Eds.), Identity and inner-city youth: Beyond ethnicity and gender (pp. 176–195). New York, NY: Teachers College Press.
   Google Scholar
• Johnston, C. (2014). Politics in the informalizing metropolis: Displacement, resettlement and unstable negotiations in Uncivil Ahmedabad. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 38(2), 539–557.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keck, J. M. (1995). Making work: Federal job creation policy in the 1970s ( unpublished doctoral thesis). University of Toronto, Graduate Department of Social Work, Toronto.
   Google Scholar
• Kelly, O. (1984). Community art and the state: Storming the citadels. London, UK: Comedia Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• KPMG. (2005). Evaluation of LDA skills and employment cultural and creative industries projects 2000–4. London, UK: London Development Agency.
   Google Scholar
• Leslie, D., & Hunt, M. (2013). Securing the Neoliberal City: Discourses of creativity and priority neighborhoods in Toronto, Canada. Urban Geography, 34(8), 1171–1192.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marcus, G. (2011). Multi-sited Ethnography: Five or Six Things I Know About It Now. In S. Coleman & P. von Hellermann (Eds.), Multi-Sited ethnography: Problems and possibilities in the translocation of research methods (pp. 16–33). New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• McGimpsey, I. (2017). The new youth sector assemblage: Reforming youth provision through a finance capital imaginary. Journal of Education Policy, 33(2), 226–242.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Brien, D., Laurison, D., Miles, A., & Friedman, S. (2016). Are the creative industries meritocratic? An analysis of the 2014 British Labour Force Survey. Cultural Trends, 25(2), 116–131.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Osborne, M., Kearns, P., & Yang, J. (2013). Learning cities: Developing inclusive, prosperous and sustainable urban communities. International Review of Education, 59(4), 409–423.
   Google Scholar
• Poyntz, S. R. (2013). Public space and media education in the city. In P. Fraser & J. Wardle (Eds.), Current perspectives in media education: Beyond a manifesto for media education (pp. 91–109). London: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Poyntz, S. R. (2017). Vancouver youthspaces: A political economy of digital learning communities. In M. Dezuanni, M. Foth, K. Mellan, & H. Hughes (Eds.), Digital participation through social living labs: Valuing local knowledge, enhancing engagement (pp. 277–297). Cambridge: Elsevier.
   Google Scholar
• Rose, N. (1993). Government, authority and expertise in advanced liberalism. Economy and Society, 22(3), 283–299.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roy, A. (2011). Slumdog cities: Rethinking subaltern urbanism. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 35(2), 223–238.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sefton-Green, J. (2006). New spaces for learning: Developing an ecology of out-of-school education (Working Paper series, No. 35). Hawke Research Institute.
   Google Scholar
• Sefton-Green, J. (2008). What future the non-formal learning sector? London, UK: London Development Agency.
   Google Scholar
• Sefton-Green, J. (2013). Learning at Not-school: A review of study, theory, and advocacy for education in non-formal settings John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation reports on digital media and learning. Cambridge, MASS: MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Simone, A. (2004). People as infrastructure: Intersecting fragments in Johannesburg. Public Culture: Society for Transnational Cultural Studies, 16(3), 407–430.
   Google Scholar
• Sketch. (2005). Sketch: working arts for street-involved and homeless youth. Annual report. Toronto, ON: Sketch
   Google Scholar
• Burns Owens Partnership, & Stanley, D. (2004). Supporting talent into enterprise. London: BOP Consulting.
   Google Scholar
• The Video College. (2015). The Video College: Report and Financial Statements. London: The Video College.
   Google Scholar
• Tufte, T. (2017). Communication and social change: A citizen perspective. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.
   Google Scholar
• Vadeboncoeur, J. (2006). Engaging young people: Learning in informal contexts. In J. Green & A. Luke (Eds.), Rethinking learning: What counts as learning and what learning counts (pp. 239–278). Washington, DC: AERA.
   Google Scholar
• WAC Arts. (2015). Wac arts consolidated financial statements. London: WAC Arts.
   Google Scholar
• Wise, P. (2002). Cultural policy and multiplicities. International Journal of Cultural Policy, 8(2), 221–231.
   Google Scholar
• Yang, J. (2012). An overview of building learning cities as a strategy for promoting lifelong learning. Journal of Adult and Continuing Education, 18(2), 97–113.
   Google Scholar