A revalidation of the school participant empowerment scale amongst science and mathematics teachers

References

• Arad, S., and F. Drasgow. 1994. Empowered Work Groups: Measurement of Leader Behavior and an Evaluation of a Conceptual Model. Urbana-Champaign, Il: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
   Google Scholar
• Arnold, J. A., S. Arad, J. A. Rhoades, and F. Drasgow. 2000. “The Empowering Leadership Questionnaire: The Construction and Validation of a New Scale for Measuring Leader Behaviours.” Journal of Organizational Behavior 21 (3): 249–269.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Avidov-Ungar, O., I. Friedman, and E. Olshtain. 2014. “Empowerment amongst Teachers Holding Leadership Positions.” Teachers and Teaching 20 (6): 704–720. doi:10.1080/13540602.2014.885706.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bandura, A. 1977. “Self-Efficacy: Toward a Unifying Theory of Behavioral Change.” Psychological Review 84 (2): 191. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.191.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bogler, R., and A. Somech. 2004. “Influence of Teacher Empowerment on Teachers’ Organizational Commitment, Professional Commitment and Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Schools.” Teaching and Teacher Education 20 (3): 277–289. doi:10.1016/j.tate.2004.02.003. Accessed 2 February 2017.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bogler, R., and A. E. Nir. 2012. “The Importance of Teachers’ Perceived Organizational Support to Job Satisfaction: What’s Empowerment Got to Do with It?” Journal of Educational Administration 50 (3): 287–306. doi:10.1108/09578231211223310.
   Google Scholar
• Burch, P., and J. P. Spillane. 2003. “Elementary School Leadership Strategies and Subject Matter: Reforming Mathematics and Literacy Instruction.” The Elementary School Journal 103 ((5)): 519–535. doi:10.1086/499738.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colburn, A. 2000. “An Inquiry Primer.” Science Scope 23 (6): 42–44.
   Google Scholar
• Conger, J. A., and R. N. Kanungo. 1988. “The Empowerment Process: Integrating Theory and Practice.” Academy of Management Review 13 (3): 471–482. doi:10.2307/258093.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costa, A. M. (2012). A mixed methods program evaluation on the effectiveness of a school redesign model on teacher empowerment and student achievement. Doctoral dissertation. Walden University.
   Google Scholar
• Cowley, K. S., K. L. Nilsen, and P. E. Ceperley. 2000. Evaluation of a High-Need School District’s Organizational Capacity for Change. Charleston, WV: AEL.
   Google Scholar
• Crawford, B. A. 2007. “Learning to Teach Science as Inquiry in the Rough and Tumble of Practice.” Journal of Research in Science Teaching 44 (4): 613–642. doi:10.1002/(ISSN)1098-2736.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cypert, C. B. (2009). Job satisfaction and empowerment of Georgia high school career and technical education teachers. Doctoral dissertation, University of Georgia.
   Google Scholar
• Dee, J. R., A. B. Henkin, and L. Duemer. 2003. “Structural Antecedents and Psychological Correlates of Teacher Empowerment.” Journal of Educational Administration 41 (3): 257–277. doi:10.1108/09578230310474412.
   Google Scholar
• Gigante, N. A., and W. A. Firestone. 2008. “Administrative Support and Teacher Leadership in Schools Implementing Reform.” Journal of Educational Administration 46 (3): 302–331. doi:10.1108/09578230810869266.
   Google Scholar
• Goddard, Y. L., R. D. Goddard, and M. Tschannen-Moran. 2007. “A Theoretical and Empirical Investigation of Teacher Collaboration for School Improvement and Student Achievement in Public Elementary Schools.” Teachers College Record 109 (4): 877–896.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grossman, P. L., and S. S. Stodolsky. 1995. “Content as Context: The Role of School Subjects in Secondary School Teaching.” Educational Researcher 24 (8): 5–23. doi:10.1016/S0742-051X(01)00033-6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill, H. C., D. L. Ball, and S. G. Schilling. 2008. “Unpacking Pedagogical Content Knowledge: Conceptualizing and Measuring Teachers’ Topic-Specific Knowledge of Students.” Journal for Research in Mathematics Education 39 (4): 372–400.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hobson, A. J., P. Ashby, A. Malderez, and P. D. Tomlinson. 2009. “Mentoring Beginning Teachers: What We Know and What We Don’t.” Teaching and Teacher Education 25 (1): 207–216. doi:10.1016/j.tate.2008.09.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunzicker, J. 2012. “Professional Development and Job-Embedded Collaboration: How Teachers Learn to Exercise Leadership.” Professional Development in Education 38 ((2)): 267–289. doi:10.1080/19415257.2012.657870.
   Google Scholar
• Hutcheson, G. D., and N. Sofroniou. 1999. The Multivariate Social Scientist: Introductory Statistics Using Generalised Linear Models. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. doi:10.4135/9780857028075.
   Google Scholar
• Johnson, P. E., and P. M. Short. 1998. “Principal’s Leader Power, Teacher Empowerment, Teacher Compliance and Conflict.” Educational Management & Administration 26(2): 147–159. doi:10.1177/0263211X98262004.
   Google Scholar
• Keiser, N. M., and J. Shen. 2000. “Principals’ and Teachers’ Perceptions of Teacher Empowerment.” Journal of Leadership Studies 7 (3): 115–121. doi:10.1177/107179190000700308.
   Google Scholar
• Klecker, B. M., and W. E. Loadman. 1998. “Another Look at the Dimensionality of the School Participant Empowerment Scale.” Educational and Psychological Measurement 58 (6): 944–954. doi:10.1177/0013164498058006006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klein, R. 2011. Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling, 3rd ed. Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. Guilford publications.
   Google Scholar
• Lee, A. N., and Y. Nie. 2014. “Understanding Teacher Empowerment: Teachers’ Perceptions of Principal’s and Immediate Supervisor’s Empowering Behaviours, Psychological Empowerment and Work-Related Outcomes.” Teaching and Teacher Education 41: 67–79. doi:10.1016/j.tate.2014.03.006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lochmiller, C. R. 2016. “Examining Administrators’ Instructional Feedback to High School Math and Science Teachers.” Educational Administration Quarterly 52 (1): 75–109. doi:10.1177/0013161x15616660.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lochmiller, C. R., and Acker-Hocevar. 2016. “Making Sense of Principal Leadership in Content Areas: The Case of Secondary Math and Science Instruction.” Leadership and Policy in Schools 15 (3): 273–296. doi:10.1080/15700763.2015.1073329.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maeroff, G. I. 1988. The Empowerment of Teachers. Overcoming the Crisis of Confidence. New York, NY: Teachers College Press.
   Google Scholar
• Makel, M. C., and J. A. Plucker. 2014. “Facts are More Important than Novelty: Replication in the Education Sciences.” Educational Researcher 43 (6): 304–316. doi:10.3102/0013189X14545513.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marks, H. M., and K. S. Louis. 1997. “Does Teacher Empowerment Affect the Classroom? The Implications of Teacher Empowerment for Instructional Practice and Student Academic Performance.” Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis 19 (3): 245–275. doi:10.2307/1164465.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin, B. N., B. Crossland, and J. A. Johnson (2001). Is There a Connection: Teacher Empowerment, Teachers’ Sense of Responsibility, and Student Success? Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Little Rock, Arkansas.
   Google Scholar
• Matthews, R. A., W. Michelle Diaz, and S. G. Cole. 2003. “The Organizational Empowerment Scale.” Personnel Review 32(3): 297–318. doi:10.1108/00483480310467624.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLaughlin, M. W., and J. E. Talbert. 1993. Contexts that Matter for Teaching and Learning. Stanford, CA: Center for Research on the Context of Secondary School Teaching, Stanford University.
   Google Scholar
• Muijs, D., and A. Harris. 2003. “Teacher leadership—Improvement through Empowerment? An Overview of the Literature.” Educational Management & Administration 31(4): 437–448. doi:10.1177/0263211X030314007.
   Google Scholar
• National Council of Teachers of Mathematics. 2014. Principles to Actions: Ensuring Mathematical Success for All. Reston, VA: Author.
   Google Scholar
• National Research Council. 2012. A Framework for K-12 Science Education: Practices, Crosscutting Concepts, and Core Ideas. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
   Google Scholar
• Nilsson, P. 2014. “When Teaching Makes a Difference: Developing Science Teachers’ Pedagogical Content Knowledge through Learning Study.” International Journal of Science Education 36 (11): 1794–1814. doi:10.1080/09500693.2013.879621.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park, S., and J. S. Oliver. 2008. “Revisiting the conceptualisation of pedagogical content knowledge (PCK): PCK as a conceptual tool to understand teachers as professionals.” Research in Science Education 38 (3): 261–284.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pearson, L. C., and W. Moomaw. 2005. “The Relationship between Teacher Autonomy and Stress, Work Satisfaction, Empowerment, and Professionalism.” Educational Research Quarterly 29 (1): 37.
   Google Scholar
• Quinn, R. E., and G. M. Spreitzer. 1997. “The Road to Empowerment: Seven Questions Every Leader Should Consider.” Organizational Dynamics 26 (2): 37–49. doi:10.1016/S0090-2616(97)90004-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rinehart, J. S., P. M. Short, R. J. Short, and M. Eckley. 1998. “Teacher Empowerment and Principal Leadership: Understanding the Influence Process.” Educational Administration Quarterly 34 (1): 630–649. doi:10.1177/0013161X980341004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rinehart, J. S., and P. M. Short. 1991. “Viewing Reading Recovery as a Restructuring Phenomenon.” Journal of School Leadership 1 (4): 379–399.
   Google Scholar
• Short, P. M. 1994. “Defining Teacher Empowerment.” Education 114 (4): 488–493.
   Google Scholar
• Short, P. M., and J. S. Rinehart (1992). Teacher Empowerment and School Climate. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, 20–24 April, San Francisco, CA.
   Google Scholar
• Short, P. M., and J. S. Rinehart. 1992a. “School Participant Empowerment Scale: Assessment of Level of Empowerment within the School Environment.” Educational and Psychological Measurement 52 (4): 951–960. doi:10.1177/0013164492052004018.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Short, P. M., and J. T. Greer (1989). Increasing Teacher Autonomy through Shared Governance: Effects on Policy Making and Student Outcomes. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, 27–31 March, San Francisco, CA.
   Google Scholar
• Short, P. M., J. T. Greer, and W. M. Melvin. 1994. “Creating Empowered Schools: Lessons in Change.” Journal of Educational Administration 32 (4): 38–52. doi:10.1108/09578239410069106.
   Google Scholar
• Shulman, L. S. 1986. “Those Who Understand: Knowledge Growth in Teaching.” Educational Researcher 15 (2): 4–14. doi:10.3102/0013189x015002004.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, T. M., and R. M. Ingersoll. 2004. “What are the Effects of Induction and Mentoring on Beginning Teacher Turnover?” American Educational Research Journal 41 (3): 681–714. doi:10.3102/00028312041003681.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Somech, A. 2005. “Teachers’ Personal and Team Empowerment and Their Relations to Organizational Outcomes: Contradictory or Compatible Constructs?” Educational Administration Quarterly 41 (2): 237–266. doi:10.1177/0013161X04269592.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spillane, J. P. 2005. “Primary School Leadership Practice: How the Subject Matters.” School Leadership and Management 25 (4): 383–397. doi:10.1080/13634230500197231.
   Google Scholar
• Spillane, J. P., J. B. Diamond, and L. Jita. 2003. “Leading Instruction: The Distribution of Leadership for Instruction.” Journal of Curriculum Studies 35 ((5)): 533–543. doi:10.1080/0022027021000041972.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spreitzer, G. M. 1995. “Psychological Empowerment in the Workplace: Dimensions, Measurement, and Validation.” Academy of Management Journal 38 (5): 1442–1465. doi:10.2307/256865.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stevens, J. P. 2009. Applied Multivariate Statistics for the Social Sciences. 5th ed. New York: Taylor & Francis Group.
   Google Scholar
• Thurstone, L. L. 1954. “An Analytical Method for Simple Structure.” Psychometrika 19 (3): 173–182. doi:10.1007/BF02289182.
   Google Scholar
• Wenner, J. A. 2017. “Urban Elementary Science Teacher Leaders: Responsibilities, Supports, and Needs.” Science Educator 25 ((2)): 117–125.
   Google Scholar
• Wenner, J. A., and T. Campbell. 2017. “The Theoretical and Empirical Basis of Teacher Leadership: A Review of the Literature.” Review of Educational Research 87 (1): 134-171.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• York-Barr, J., and K. Duke. 2004. “What Do We Know about Teacher Leadership? Findings from Two Decades of Scholarship.” Review of Educational Research 74 (3): 255–316. doi:10.3102/00346543074003255.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zembylas, M., and E. C. Papanastasiou. 2005. “Modeling Teacher Empowerment: The Role of Job Satisfaction.” Educational Research and Evaluation 11 (5): 433–459. doi:10.1080/13803610500146152.
   Google Scholar