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Original Articles

‘The people get fenced’: gender, rehabilitation and African nationalism in the Ciskei and border region, 1945–1955

Pages 761-782 | Published online: 23 Feb 2007

References

  • Tsotsi , W.M. “ ‘Out of Court: Experiences of a Black Lawyer in Apartheid South Africa,’ ” . 102 (unpublished),
  • Imvo Zabantsundu ( 23 August 1947 9 November 1946; 2 October 1948)
  • ‘Loose Planning and Rapid Resettlement: The Politics of Conservation and Control in Transkei, South Africa, 1950–1970’, Journal of Southern African Studies, 15 , 2 ( January 1989 ), p. 306
  • Wet , Chris de . 1989 . ‘Betterment Planning in a Rural Village in Keiskammahoek, Ciskei’ . Journal of Southern African Studies , 15 ( 2 ) January
  • P. Delius , ‘Sebatakgomo: Migrant Organization, the ANC and the Sekhukhuneland Revolt’, Journal of Southern African Studies, 15 , 4 ( October 1989
  • Beinart , W. and Bundy , C. 1980 . “ ‘State Intervention and Rural Resistance: the Transkei 1900–1965’ ” . In Peasants in Africa,: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives Edited by: Klein , M. 271 – 315 . Beverley Hills
  • Hirson , B. “ ‘Rural Revolt in South Africa 1937–1951’ in ‘The Societies of Southern Africa in the 19th and 20th Centuries’ ” . vol 8 , 115 – 132 . 1977 : Institute of Commonwealth Studies, University of London . seminar papers,
  • Lodge , T. 1983 . Black Politics in South Africa since 1945 Johannesburg chap. 11
  • Christopher Board , ‘The Rehabilitation Programme In The Bantu Areas And Its Effect On The Agricultural Practices And Rural Life Of The Bantu In The Eastern Cape’ in The South African Journal of Economics 32 ( 1964
  • Fox , F.W. and Back , D. 1937 . “ ‘A Preliminary Survey Of The Agricultural And Nutritional Problems Of The Ciskei And Transkeian Territories With Special Reference To Their Bearing On The Recruiting Of Labourers For The Gold Mining Industry’ ” . 8 (unpubl.)
  • Norton , W.R. 1946 . Assistant Director of Native Agriculture . Imvo Zabantsundu , 9 November
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  • M.E. Mills and M. Wilson , Land Tenure ( Pietermaritzburg , 1952 ) p. 88
  • Houghton , D. Hobart . 1955 . Life in the Ciskei; A Summary of the Findings of the Keiskammahoek Rural Survey 1947–51 , 17 SA Institute of Race relations .
  • J. Guy , ‘Gender Oppression in Southern Africa's Precapitalist Societies’ , in C. Walker (ed.), Women and Gender in Southern Africa to 1945 ( Cape Town , 1990 ), pp. 40 – 47
  • Wilson , M. , Kaplan , S. , Maki , T. and Walton , E.M. 1952 . Social Structure 96 Pietermaritzburg
  • Mills and Wilson , Land Tenure, p. 130
  • Fox and Back , ‘A preliminary survey’ , p. 33
  • Mills and Wilson , Land Tenure, p. 23
  • Mills and Wilson . Land Tenure, 47
  • Wilson , Kaplan , Maki and Walton . Social Structure 96
  • Bokwe , Dr . 1946 . MOH, Middledrift . The Guardian , 4 April
  • 1948 . Daily Dispatch , 24.6.
  • Bundy , Colin . 1979 . Rise and Fall of the South African Peasantry Oxford See
  • Assistant Director of Native Agriculture . 1946 . Imvo Zabantsundu , 9 November
  • Imvo Zabantsundu 25 May 1946
  • 1944 . SA Outlook , 1 July
  • 1946 . Imvo Zabantsundu , 12 January
  • Ikhwezi Lomso, November 1958
  • 1945 . The Guardian , 19 April
  • King Williamstown Mercury 3 June 1948
  • Deborah Posel , The Making of Apartheid 1948–1961: Conflict and Compromise ( Oxford , 1991
  • 1946 . Imvo Zabantsundu, , 19 January
  • 1952 . Daily Dispatch , 28 October
  • Imvo Zabantsundu, 20 May 1950
  • 1952 . Daily Dispatch , 22 October
  • Imvo Zabantsundu, 5 November 1952
  • 1952 . Daily Dispatch , 21 October
  • 1952 . Daily Dispatch , 28 October
  • 1952 . Imvo Zabantsundu, , 18 October
  • 1952 . Ibid. , 18 October
  • 1952 . Ibid. , 27 December
  • 1952 . King Williamstown Mercury , 18 December
  • 1952 . Imvo Zabantsundu , 2 August
  • Jabavu , Noni . 1982 . The Ochre People Braamfontein See for example
  • Anne Mager ‘Girls Wars: Gender and the Reproduction of the Educated Elite in the Eastern Cape, 1945–1959’ (forthcoming in Perspectives in Education 14 1 ( 1993
  • 1958 . Ikhwezi Lomso, , September
  • Imvo Zabantsundu, 15 November 1952
  • 1959 . Ikhwezi Lomso , February
  • 1952 . Imvo Zabantsundu , 27 December
  • Imvo Zabantsundu, 6 November 48
  • Mills and Wilson . Land Tenure, 96
  • 1946 . Imvo Zabantsundu , 9 November
  • 1946 . The Guardian , 6 April
  • 1954 . King Williamstown Mercury , 20 April

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