The African ethic of Ubuntu/Botho: implications for research on morality

References

• Adeyemi , M. and Adeyinka , A. 2003 . The principles and content of African traditional education . Educational Philosophy and Theory , 35 (4) : 425 – 440 .
   Google Scholar
• Appiah , A. 1998 . “ Ethical systems, African ” . In Routledge encyclopaedia of philosophy , Edited by: Craig , E. London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Baier , K. 1965 . “ The moral point of view: a rational basis of ethics ” . New York : Random House .
   Google Scholar
• Bell , R. 2002 . Understanding African philosophy , New York : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Bhengu , M. J. 1996 . Ubuntu: the essence of democracy , Cape Town , , South Africa : Novalis Press .
   Google Scholar
• Biko , S. 1971/2004 . I write what I like , Johannesburg : Picador Africa .
   Google Scholar
• Bujo , B. 2001 . Foundations of an African ethic: beyond the universal claims of Western morality , Edited by: McNeil , B. New York : Crossroad .
   Google Scholar
• Donovan , J. and Adams , C. , eds. 2007 . The feminist care tradition in animal ethics: a reader , New York : Columbia University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Dube , M. 2009 . “ ‘I am because we are’: giving primacy to African indigenous values in HIV&AIDS prevention ” . In African ethics: an anthology of comparative and applied ethics , Edited by: Murove , M. F. 188 – 217 . Pietermaritzburg , , South Africa : University of KwaZulu‐Natal Press .
   Google Scholar
• Edwards , C. 1975 . Societal complexity and moral development: a Kenyan study . Ethos , 3 (4) : 505 – 527 .
   Google Scholar
• Feltham , B. and Cottingham , J. , eds. 2010 . Partiality and impartiality: morality, special relationships and the wider world , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Frankena , W. 1963 . Ethics , Englewood Cliffs , NJ : Prentice‐Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Gaie , J. 2007 . “ The Setswana concept of Botho: unpacking the metaphysical and moral aspects ” . In The concept of Botho and HIV/AIDS in Botswana , Edited by: Gaie , J. and Mmolai , S. 29 – 43 . Eldoret , , Kenya : Zapf Chancery .
   Google Scholar
• Gbadegesin , S. 1991 . African philosophy: traditional Yoruba philosophy and contemporary African realities , New York : Peter Lang .
   Google Scholar
• Grube , G. M. A. , ed. 1974 . Plato’s Republic , Indianapolis : Hackett .
   Google Scholar
• Gyekye , K. 1997 . Tradition and modernity: philosophical reflections on the African experience , New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Gyekye , K. 2004 . Beyond cultures: perceiving a common humanity , Washington, DC : The Council for Research in Values and Philosophy .
   Google Scholar
• Harding , S. 1987/1998 . “ The curious coincidence of feminine and African moralities ” . In African philosophy: an anthology , Edited by: Eze , E. C. 360 – 372 . Malden , MA : Blackwell .
   Google Scholar
• Harman , G. 1975 . Moral relativism defended . Philosophical Review , 84 (1) : 3 – 22 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ikuenobe , P. 2006 . Philosophical perspectives on communalism and morality in African traditions , Lanham , MD : Rowman & Littlefield .
   Google Scholar
• Iroegbu , P. 2005 . “ Beginning, purpose and end of life ” . In Kpim of morality ethics: general, special & professional , Edited by: Iroegbu , P. and Echekwube , A. 440 – 445 . Ibadan : Nigeria, Heinemann Educational Books .
   Google Scholar
• Irwin , T. , ed. 2000 . Aristotle: Nicomachean ethics , (2nd edn) , Indianapolis : Hackett .
   Google Scholar
• Jeske , D. 2008 . Rationality and moral theory: how intimacy generates reasons , New York : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Kasenene , P. 1998 . Religious ethics in Africa , Kampala , , Uganda : Fountain Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Kasenene , P. 2000 . “ African ethical theory and the four principles ” . In Cross‐cultural perspectives in medical ethics , Edited by: Veatch , R. M. 347 – 357 . Sudbury , MA : Jones and Bartlett .
   Google Scholar
• Kohlberg , L. 1976 . “ Moral stages and moralization: the cognitive‐developmental approach ” . In Moral development and behavior: theory, research, and social issues , Edited by: Lickona , T. 31 – 53 . New York : Holt, Rinehart and Winston .
   Google Scholar
• Kohlberg , L. 1984 . The psychology of moral development , San Francisco : Harper & Row .
   Google Scholar
• Kohlberg , L. 1986 . “ A current statement on some theoretical issues ” . In Lawrence Kohlberg: consensus and controversy , Edited by: Modgil , S. and Modgil , C. 485 – 546 . London : The Falmer Press .
   Google Scholar
• Krog , A. 2008 . ‘This thing called reconciliation …’; forgiveness as part of an interconnectedness‐towards‐wholeness . South African Journal of Philosophy , 27 (4) : 353 – 366 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Letseka , M. 2000 . “ African philosophy and educational discourse ” . In African voices in education , Edited by: Higgs , P. , Vakalisa , N. C. G. , Mda , T. V. and Assie‐Lumumba , N. T. 179 – 193 . Cape Town , , South Africa : Juta .
   Google Scholar
• Louw , D. 2006 . “ The African concept of Ubuntu and restorative justice ” . In Handbook of restorative justice: a global perspective , Edited by: Sullivan , D. and Tifft , L. 161 – 172 . New York : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Magesa , L. 1997 . African religion: the moral traditions of abundant life , Maryknoll , NY : Orbis Books .
   Google Scholar
• Masolo , D. A. 2004 . “ Western and African communitarianism: a comparison ” . In A companion to African philosophy , Edited by: Wiredu , K. 483 – 497 . Malden , MA : Blackwell .
   Google Scholar
• Mbiti , J. S. 1969 . African religions and philosophy , London : Heinemann .
   Google Scholar
• Menkiti , I. 2004 . “ On the normative conception of a person ” . In A companion to African philosophy , Edited by: Wiredu , K. 324 – 331 . Malden , MA : Blackwell .
   Google Scholar
• Metz , T. 2007 . Toward an African moral theory . Journal of Political Philosophy , 15 (3) : 321 – 341 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Metz , T. 2010 . Human dignity, capital punishment, and an African moral theory: toward a new philosophy of human rights . Journal of Human Rights , 9 (1) : 81 – 99 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller , R. 1992 . Moral differences , Princeton , NJ : Princeton University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Mkhize , N. 2008 . “ Ubuntu and harmony: an African approach to morality and ethics ” . In Persons in community: African ethics in a global culture , Edited by: Nicolson , R. 35 – 44 . Pietermaritzburg , , South Africa : University of KwaZulu‐Natal Press .
   Google Scholar
• Mokgoro , Y. 1998 . Ubuntu and the law in South Africa . Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal , 1 (1) : 15 – 26 .
   Google Scholar
• Murove , M. F. 2009 . “ African bioethics: an exploratory discourse ” . In African ethics: an anthology of comparative and applied ethics , Edited by: Murove , M. F. 157 – 177 . Pietermaritzburg , , South Africa : University of KwaZulu‐Natal Press .
   Google Scholar
• Noddings , N. 1984 . Caring: a feminine approach to ethics and moral education , Berkeley , CA : University of California Press .
   Google Scholar
• Noddings , N. 1992 . The challenge to care in schools , New York : Teachers College Press .
   Google Scholar
• Pearce , C. 1990 . Tsika, hunhu and the moral education of primary school children . Zambezia , 17 (2) : 145 – 160 .
   Google Scholar
• Prinsloo , E. D. 1998 . “ Ubuntu culture and participatory management ” . In Philosophy from Africa; a text with readings , Edited by: Coetzee , P. H. and Roux , A. P. J. 41 – 51 . Cape Town : Oxford University Press Southern Africa .
   Google Scholar
• Ramose , M. 1999 . African philosophy through Ubuntu , Harare : Mond Books .
   Google Scholar
• Rawls , J. 1971 . A theory of justice , Cambridge , MA : Harvard University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Reed , D. C. (ed.) . 2008 . Special Issue: towards an integrated model of moral functioning . Journal of Moral Education , 37 (3) : 279 – 428 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sandel , M. 1984 . The procedural republic and the unencumbered self . Political Theory , 12 (1) : 81 – 96 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scheffler , S. 2001 . Boundaries and allegiances , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Setiloane , G. M. 1976 . The image of God among the Sotho‐Tswana , Rotterdam : Netherlands, Balkema .
   Google Scholar
• Shutte , A. 2001 . Ubuntu: an ethic for the new South Africa , Cape Town , , South Africa : Cluster Publications .
   Google Scholar
• Silberbauer , G. 1991 . “ Ethics in small‐scale societies ” . In A companion to ethics , Edited by: Singer , P. 14 – 28 . Oxford : Basil Blackwell .
   Google Scholar
• Tutu , D. 1999 . No future without forgiveness , New York : Random House .
   Google Scholar
• Verhoef , H. and Michel , C. 1997 . Studying morality within the African context: a model of moral analysis and construction . Journal of Moral Education , 26 (4) : 389 – 407 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walzer , M. 1983 . Spheres of justice: a defense of pluralism and equality , New York : Basic Books .
   Google Scholar
• Williams , T. , ed. 1993 . Augustine: on free choice of the will , Indianapolis : Hackett .
   Google Scholar
• Wiredu , K. 1992a . “ The African concept of personhood ” . In African‐American perspectives on biomedical ethics , Edited by: Flack , H. E. and Pellegrino , E. E. 104 – 117 . Washington DC : Georgetown University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Wiredu , K. 1992b . “ The moral foundations of an African culture ” . In Person and community: Ghanaian philosophical studies , Edited by: Wiredu , K. and Gyekye , K. Volume 1 , 193 – 206 . Washington, DC : The Council for Research in Values and Philosophy .
   Google Scholar