Examining the impact of prior academic achievement on moral reasoning development among college students: A growth curve analysis

References

• Abbott, J. (2010). Over Schooled but Under Educated. How the Crisis in Education is Jeopardizing our Adolescents. New York, NY: Continuum.
   Google Scholar
• Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. W. (1984). The effect of sampling error on convergence, improper solutions, and goodness-of-fit indices for maximum likelihood confirmatory factor analysis. Psychometrika, 49, 155–173.10.1007/BF02294170
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bebeau, M. J., & Thoma, S. J. (2003). Guide for DIT2. University of Minnesota: Center for the study of ethical development.
   Google Scholar
• Breslin, A. (1982). Tolerance and moral reasoning among adolescents in Ireland. Journal of Moral Education, 11, 112–127.10.1080/0305724820110206
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burwell, R. M., Butman, R. E., & Van Wicklin, J. (1992). Values assessment at three consortium colleges: A longitudinal follow-up study. Houston, NY: Houghton College ERIC Document Reproduction Service, ED 345 635.
   Google Scholar
• Camara, W. J., & Echternacht, G. (2000). The SAT I and high school grades: Utility in predicting success in college. College Board Report (RN-10). New York, NY: The College Board.
   Google Scholar
• Cochran-Smith, M., & Fries, K. (2006). The AERA panel on research and teacher education: Context and goals. In M. Cochran-Smith & K. M. Zeichner (Eds.), Studying teacher education: The report of the AERA panel on research and teacher education (pp. 37–68). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
   Google Scholar
• Cole, D. A. (1987). Utility of confirmatory factor analysis in test validation research. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55, 584–594.10.1037/0022-006X.55.4.584
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collaborative for Academic, Social, and Emotional Learning (CASEL). (2002). Safe and sound: An educational leader’s guide to evidence-based social and emotional learning programs. Chicago, IL: CASEL.
   Google Scholar
• Commission on the Points System. (1998). Consultative process—Background document. Dublin: Stationery Office.
   Google Scholar
• Coolahan, J. (1994). Report of the national education convention. Dublin, Ireland: National Education Convention Secretariat.
   Google Scholar
• Cooper, M., & Schwartz, R. (2007). Moral judgments and student discipline: What are institutions teaching? What are students learning? Journal of College Student Development, 48, 595–607. doi: 10.1353.csd.2007.0049.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corcoran, R. P., & O’Flaherty, J. (Under Review). Moral Reasoning Ability: A Synthesis of Research.
   Google Scholar
• Corcoran, R. P., & Tormey, R. (2012). How emotionally intelligent are pre-service teachers? Teaching and Teacher Education, 28, 750–759.10.1016/j.tate.2012.02.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corcoran, R. P., & Tormey, R. (2013). Does emotional intelligence predict student teachers’ performance? Teaching and Teacher Education, 35, 34–42.10.1016/j.tate.2013.04.008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cottone, J., Drucker, P., & Javier, R. A. (2007). Predictors of moral reasoning: components of executive functioning and aspects of religiosity. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 46, 37–53.10.1111/jssr.2007.46.issue-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D’Arcy-Garvey, A. (1988). An Application of Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development in an Irish Third-Level College. Unpublished PhD Thesis.
   Google Scholar
• Derryberry, W. P., Jones, K. L., Grieve, F. G., & Barger, B. (2007). Assessing the relationship among defining issues test scores and crystallised and fluid intellectual indices. Journal of Moral Education, 36, 475–796.10.1080/03057240701688036
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doyle, E., & O’Flaherty, J. (2013). The impact of education level and type on moral reasoning. Irish Educational Studies, 32, 377–393. doi:10.1080/03323315.2013.823273
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunning, J. (Ed.). (2004). Making globalisation good: The moral challenges of global capitalism Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Enders, C. K. (2001). The impact of nonnormality on full information maximum-likelihood estimation for structural equation models with missing data. Psychological Methods, 6, 352–370.10.1037/1082-989X.6.4.352
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foster, J. D., & LaForce, B. (1999). A longitudinal study of moral, religious, and identity development in a Christian liberal arts environment. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 27, 52–68.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gleeson, J. (1979). An investigation into the level of moral judgement of a sample of Irish adolescents, using the defining issues test, unpublished Masters. Maynooth: National University of Ireland.
   Google Scholar
• Gleeson, J. (1992). Longitudinal study of the levels of moral reasoning of student teachers in an Irish College of Education. Thomand College of Education, Limerick, Ireland: Unpublished report.
   Google Scholar
• Gormley, I. C., & Murphy, T. B. (2006). Analysis of Irish third-level college applications data. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Statistics in Society, 169, 361–379. doi:10.1111/j.1467-985X.2006.00412.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graham, J. W. (2009). Missing data analysis: Making it work in the real world. Annual Review of Psychology, 60, 549–576. 10.1146/annurev.psych.58.110405.085530
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hazelkorn, E. (2013). How rankings are reshaping higher education. In V. Climent, F. Michavila & M. Ripolles (Eds.), Los Rankings Univeritarios: Mitos y Realidades. Tecnos.
   Google Scholar
• Higher Education Act. (1998). 1998 amendments to the higher education Act of 1965: Section 86: Sense of congress regarding good character. Retrieved May 20, 2007, from http://www.ed.gov/legislation/HEA/sec863.html
   Google Scholar
• Hyland, A. (2011). Entry to higher education in Ireland in the 21st Century Discussion paper for the NCCA/HEA Seminar, 21st September, University College Dublin.
   Google Scholar
• Kohlberg, L. (1958). The development of modes of moral thinking and choice in the years 10 to 16. University of Chicago: Unpublished doctoral dissertation cited In L. Kohlberg (Eds.) (1984) The psychology of moral development. essays on moral development (Vol. 2). San Francisco: Harper and Row.
   Google Scholar
• Kohlberg, L. (1969). Stage and Sequence: The cognitive development approach to socialization. In D. A. Goslin (Ed.), Handbook of socialization theory (pp. 347–480). Chicago, IL: Rand McNally.
   Google Scholar
• Lumpkin, A. (2008). Teachers as role models teaching character and moral virtues. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation and Dance, 79, 45–49.10.1080/07303084.2008.10598134
   Google Scholar
• Marsh, H. W., & Hau, K. T. (1996). Assessing goodness of fit: Is parsimony always desirable? The Journal of Experimental Education., 64, 364–390.10.1080/00220973.1996.10806604
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marsh, H. W., Balla, J. R., & McDonald, R. P. (1988). Goodness-of-fit indexes in confirmatory factor analysis: The effect of sample size. Psychological Bulletin, 103, 391–410. 10.1037/0033-2909.103.3.391
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mayhew, M. J., & King, P. M. (2008). How curricular content and pedagogical strategies affect moral reasoning development in college students. Journal of Moral Education., 37, 17–40.10.1080/03057240701803668
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mayhew, M. J., Seifert, T. A., & Pascarella, E. T. (2010). A multi-institutional assessment of moral reasoning development among first-year students. Review of Higher Education, 33, 357–390.10.1353/rhe.0.0153
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mayhew, M. J., Seifert, T. A., & Pascarella, E. T. (2012). How the first year of college influences moral reasoning development for students in moral consolidation and moral transition. Journal of College Student Development, 53, 19–40.10.1353/csd.2012.0004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDonald, R. P., & Marsh, H. W. (1990). Choosing a multivariate model: Noncentrality and goodness of fit. Psychological Bulletin, 107, 247–255.10.1037/0033-2909.107.2.247
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McNeel, S. P. (1994). College teaching and student moral development. In J. Rest & D. Narvaez (Eds.), Moral development in the professions: Psychology and applied ethics (pp. 27–50). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Mentkowski, M., & Strait, M. (1983). A Longitudinal Study of Student Change in Cognitive Development, Learning Styles, and Generic Abilities in an Outcome-centered Liberal Arts Curriculum. ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 239 562.
   Google Scholar
• Muthen B., & Muthen L. (2009). Mplus short courses topic 7: Multilevel modeling with latent variables using mplus, cross-sectional analysis. Los Angeles, CA: Muthen, B. and Muthen, L. Retrieved from www.statmodel.com.
   Google Scholar
• Muthen, B., & MuthenL. (2011). Mplus (Version 6.12) [Computer software]. Los Angeles, CA: Muthen, B. and Muthen, L.
   Google Scholar
• Myyry, L., Juujärvi, S., & Pesso, K. (2013). Change in values and moral reasoning during higher education. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 10, 269–284.10.1080/17405629.2012.757217
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Narvaez, D. (1993). High achieving students and moral judgement. Journal for the Education of the Gifted, 16, 268–279.10.1177/016235329301600304
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Narvaez, D., & Bock, T. (2002). Moral schemas and tacit judgement or how the defining issues test is supported by cognitive science. Journal of Moral Education, 31, 297–314.10.1080/0305724022000008124
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newman, J. H. (1907). The idea of a university. London: Longmans Green and Co.
   Google Scholar
• Noble, J., & Sawyer, R. (2002). Predicting different levels of academic success in college using high school GPA and ACT composite score. the American College Testing website. Retrieved from http://www.act.org/research/reports/pdf/ACT_RR2002-4.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Nodie Oja, S., Graham, S. E., & Andrew, M. D. (2011). Change in moral judgment of teaching interns in a full-year internship. Journal of Research in Character Education, 9, 35–56.
   Google Scholar
• O’Connell, P. J., Clancy, D., & McCoy, S. (2006). Who went to College in 2004? A National Survey of New Entrants to Higher Education. Dublin: Higher Education Authority.
   Google Scholar
• O’Flaherty, J., & Gleeson, J. (2014). Longitudinal study of levels of moral reasoning of undergraduate students in an Irish university: The influence of contextual factors. Irish Educational Studies, 33, 57–74. doi:10.1080/03323315.2013.874544.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Flaherty, J., & McGarr, O. (2014). The use of case-based learning in the development of student teachers’ levels of moral reasoning. European Journal of Teacher Education, 37, 312–330. doi:10.1080/02619768.2013.870992
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OECD, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (1991). Reviews of national policies for education: Ireland. Paris: OECD.
   Google Scholar
• OECD, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2005). Teachers matter: Attracting, retaining and developing teachers. Paris: OECD.
   Google Scholar
• Pascarella, E. T., & Terenzini, P. T. (1991). How college affects students. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
   Google Scholar
• Pascarella, E. T., & Terenzini, P. T. (2005). How college affects students, volume 2, a third decade of research. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
   Google Scholar
• Pascarella, E. T., Edison, M. I., Nora, A., Hagedorn, L. S., & Terenzini, P. T. (1998). Does work inhibit cognitive development during college? Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 20, 75–93.10.3102/01623737020002075
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piaget, J. (1968) The moral judgement of the child with the assistance of seven collaborators. London: Routledge and K. Paul. ( Translation of his 1932 book).
   Google Scholar
• Putnam, R. D. (2000). Bowling alone: The collapse and revival of American community. New York, NY: Simon and Schuster.10.1145/358916
   Google Scholar
• Raudenbush, S. W., Martinez, A., & Spybrook, J. (2007). Strategies for Improving precision in group-randomized experiments. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 29, 5–29.10.3102/0162373707299460
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rest, J. (1979a). Development in judging moral issues. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
   Google Scholar
• Rest, J. (1979b). Manual for the defining issues test. Minneapolis, MN: Center for the study of Ethical Development, University of Minnesota.
   Google Scholar
• Rest, J. (1983). Morality. In J. Flavell & E. Markman (Eds.), Manual of child psychology, Cognitive development Vol. 3, (pp 556–629). New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Rest, J., & Narvaez, D. (1998). Guide for DIT-2. Minneapolis, MN: Center for the Study of Ethical Development, University of Minnesota.
   Google Scholar
• Rest, J., & Thoma, S. (1985). Relation of moral judgement development to formal education. Developmental Psychology, 21, 709–714.10.1037/0012-1649.21.4.709
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rest, J., Thoma, S., & Edwards, L. (1997). Designing and validating a measure of moral judgement: Stage preference and stage consistency approaches. Journal of Educational Psychology, 89, 5–28.10.1037/0022-0663.89.1.5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rest, J., Thoma, S. J., Narvaez, D., & Bebeau, M. J. (1997). Alchemy and beyond: Indexing the defining issues test. Journal of Educational Psychology, 89, 498–507. 10.1037/0022-0663.89.3.498
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rest, J., Narvaez, D., Bebeau, M., & Thoma, S. (1999a). Postconventional moral thinking: A neo-kohlbergian approach. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
   Google Scholar
• Rest, J., Narvaez, D., Thoma, S. J., & Bebeau, M. J. (1999b). DIT2: Devising and testing a revised instrument of moral judgement. Journal of Educational Psychology, 91, 644–659. 10.1037/0022-0663.91.4.644
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richmond, S. S., Anderson, K. L., & Morris, J. D. (1990). Social Role playing and moral judgement development. Social Justice Research, 4, 21–33.10.1007/BF01048533
   Google Scholar
• Rose, J. D. (2012). Development of moral reasoning at a higher education institution in Nigeria. Emerging Leadership Journeys, 5, 81–101.
   Google Scholar
• Sanders, C. E., Lubinski, D., & Benbow, C. P. (1995). Does the defining issues test measure psychological phenomena distinct from verbal ability? An examination of Lykken’s Query. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 498–504.10.1037/0022-3514.69.3.498
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanderse, W. (2013). The meaning of role modelling in moral and character education. Journal of Moral Education, 42, 28–42.10.1080/03057240.2012.690727
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schonert-Reichl, K. A., Kitil, J., LeRose, M., Sipl, M., Sweiss, L., Teja, Z., & SauveJ. (2016) Social & emotional learning and teacher education, what do we know and where do we go from here? White Paper Prepared for Hope Lab April 2016. Retrieved from http://www.hopelab.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/SELinTeacherEducation_WhitePaperforHopeLab_April152016KSR.pdf?utm_content=buffer447d9&utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitter.com&utm_campaign=buffer
   Google Scholar
• Sennett, R. (2006). The culture of the new capitalism. London: Yale University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Shaver, D. G. (1985). A longitudinal study of moral development at a conservative, religious, liberal arts college. Journal of College Student Development., 26, 400–404.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaver, D. G. (1987). Moral development of students attending a Christian liberal arts college and a Bible college. Journal of College Student Development., 28, 211–218.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skilbeck, M. (2001). The university challenged: A review of international trends and issues with particular reference to Ireland. Dublin: HEA/CHIU, Government Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Tam, M. (2002). University impact on student growth: A quality measure? Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, 24, 211–218.10.1080/1360080022000013527
   Google Scholar
• Thoma, S. J. (2002). An overview of the Minnesota approach to research in moral development. Journal of Moral Education, 31, 225–245.10.1080/0305724022000008098
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thoma, S. J. (2006). Research using the defining issues test. In Killen & Smetana (Eds.), Handbook of moral psychology. Mawah, NJ: L. Earlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Thoma, S. J., Rest, J., Barnett, R., & Narvaez, D. (1999). What does the DIT measure? British Journal of Social Psychology, 38, 103–111.10.1348/014466699164068
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitely, J. (Ed) (1982). Character development in college students Vol. 1. Schenectady, New York, NY: Character Research Press.
   Google Scholar
• Yuan, K. H., & Bentler, P. M. (2000). Three likelihood-based methods for mean and covariance structure analysis with nonnormal missing data. Sociological Methodology, 30, 165–200.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar