An Alternative to Piagetian Psychology for Science and Mathematics Education

References

• Almy , M. , Chittenden , E. and Miller , P. 1966 . Young Children's Thinking: Studies of Some Aspect of Piage's Theory , New York : Teachers College Press, Columbia University .
   Google Scholar
• Ausubel , D. P. 1963 . The Psychology of Meaningful Verbal Learning , New York : Grune and Stratton .
   Google Scholar
• Ausubel , D. P. 1968 . Educational Psychology: A Cognitive View , New York : Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc. .
   Google Scholar
• Ausubel , D. P. , Novak , J. D. and Hanesian , H. Educational Psychology: A Cognitive View, , 2nd. ed. , New York : Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc. . (Forthcoming)
   Google Scholar
• Barnes , B. R. and Clawson , E. U. 1975 . ‘Do Advance Organizers Facilitate Learning? Recommendations for Further Research Based on an Analysis of 32 Studies,’ . Review of Educational Research , 45 ( 4 ) : 637 – 659 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brush , S. G. 1974 . ‘Should the History of Science be Rated X?’ . Science , 183 ( 4130 ) : 1164 – 1172 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calhoun , L. G. 1971 . ‘Number Conservation in Very Young Children: The Effect of Age and Mode of Responding,’ . Child Development , 42 : 561 – 572 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiappetta , E. L. 1976 . ‘A Review of Piagetian Studies Relevant to Science Instruction at the Secondary and College Level,’ . Science Education , 60 ( 2 ) : 253 – 261 .
   Google Scholar
• Elkind , D. 1961a . ‘Children's Discovery of the Conservation of Mass, Weight, and Volume: Piaget Replication Study II . Journal Genetic Psychology , 98 : 219 – 227 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elkind , D. 1961b . ‘Quantity Conceptions in Junior and Senior High School Students,’ . Child Dev. , 32 : 557 – 560 .
   Google Scholar
• Elkind , D. 1962 . ‘Quantity Concepts in College Students,’ . Journal Social Psychology , 57 : 459 – 465 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ennis , R. H. 1975 . ‘Children's Ability to Handle Piaget's Propositional Logic: A Conceptual Critique,’ . Rev. Educ. Res. , 45 ( 1 ) : 1 – 41 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedman , G. S. 1977 . ‘Meaningful Learning and the Development of Casual Thought,’ , Ithaca, New York : Cornell University . unpublished PhD thesis
   Google Scholar
• Hibbard , K. M. and Novak , J. D. 1975 . ‘Audio-Tutorial Elementary School Science Instruction as a Method for Study of Children's Concept Learning: Particulate Nature of Matter,’ . Sci. Educ. , 59 ( 4 ) : 595 – 570 .
   Google Scholar
• Nhelder , B. and Piaget , J. 1958 . The Growth of Logical Thinking from Childhood to Adolescence , New York : Basic Books, Inc. .
   Google Scholar
• Joyce , L. K. 1977 . ‘A Study of Formal Reasoning in Elementary Education Majors,’ . Sci. Educ. , 61 ( 2 ) : 153 – 158 .
   Google Scholar
• Kahle , J. B. , Douglas , C. B. and Nordland , F. H. 1976 . ‘An Analysis of Learner Efficiency When Individualized and Group-Instructional Formats are Utilized with Disadvantaged Students,’ . Sci. Educ. , 60 ( 2 ) : 245 – 250 .
   Google Scholar
• Kuhn , T. S. 1962 . “ Enlarged vol. I & II: Foundations of the Unity of Science ” . In The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, , 2nd. ed. , Vol. II , Chicago : The University of Chicago Press . No. 2
   Google Scholar
• Lawson , A. E. , Nordland , F. H. and De Vito , A. 1974 . ‘Piagetian Formal Operational Tasks: A Crossover Study of Learning Effect and Reliability,’ . Sci. Educ. , 58 ( 2 ) : 267 – 276 .
   Google Scholar
• Lawton , J. T. and Wanska , S. K. 1977 . ‘Advance Organizers as a Teaching Strategy: A Reply to Barnes and Clawson,’ . Rev. Educ Res. , 47 ( 1 ) : 233 – 244 .
   Google Scholar
• Lengel , R. A. and Buell , R. R. 1972 . ‘Exclusion of Irrelevant Factors (The Pendulum Problem),’ . Sci. Educ. , 56 ( 1 ) : 65 – 70 .
   Google Scholar
• Lindsey , P. H. and Norman , D. A. 1977 . Human Information Processing: An Introduction to Psychology , New York : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Mc Clelland , J. A. G. 1970 . ‘An Approach to the Development and Assessment of Instruction in Science at Second Grade Level: The Concept of Energy,’ , Ithaca, New York : Cornell University . unpublished PhD thesis
   Google Scholar
• Mehler , J. and Bever , T. 1967 . ‘Cognitive Capacity of Very Young Children,’ . Science , 158 : 141 – 142 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller , G. A. 1956 . ‘The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two: Some Limits on Capacity for Processing Information,’ . Psychological Review , 63 : 81 – 97 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mischel , T. 1971 . Cognitive Development and Epistemology , New York : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Mori , I. , Kitagowa , O. and Tadang , N. 1974 . ‘The Effect of Language on a Child's Forming of Spatio-Temporal Concept: On Comparing Japanese and Thai Children,’ . Sci. Educ. , 58 ( 4 ) : 523 – 529 .
   Google Scholar
• Mpiangu , B. D. and Gentile , J. R. 1975 . ‘Is Conservation of Number A Necessary Condition for Mathematical Understanding?’ . Journal of Research in Mathematics Education , 6 ( 3 ) : 179 – 192 .
   Google Scholar
• Nordland , F. H. , Lawson , A. E. and Kahle , J. B. 1974 . ‘A Study of Levels of Concrete and Formal Reasoning Ability in Disadvantaged Junior and Senior High School Science Students,’ . Sci. Educ. , 58 ( 4 ) : 569 – 575 .
   Google Scholar
• Novak , J. D. 1969 . ‘A Case Study of Curriculum Change—Science Since PSSC,’ . School Science and Mathematics , 69 : 374 – 384 .
   Google Scholar
• Novak , J. D. , Ring , D. G. and Tamir , P. 1971 . ‘Interpretation of Research Findings in Terms of Ausubel's Theory and Implications for Science Education,’ . Sci. Educ. , 55 ( 4 ) : 483 – 526 .
   Google Scholar
• Novak , J. D. 1972 . “ ‘The Use of Audio-Tutorial Methods in Elementary School Instruction,’ ” . In The Audio-Tutorial Approach to Learning , Edited by: Postlethwait , S. N. , Novak , J. D. and Murray , H. T. Minneapolis : Burgess .
   Google Scholar
• Novak , J. D. 1977a . A Theory of Education , Ithaca, New York : Cornell University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Novak , J. D. 1977b . ‘Epicycles and the Homocentric Earth: Or What is Wrong with Stages of Cognitive Development,’ . Sci. Educ. , 61 ( 3 ) : 393 – 395 .
   Google Scholar
• Nussbaum , J. 1971 . ‘An Approach to Teaching and Assessment: The Earth Concept at the Second Grade Level,’ , Ithaca, New York : Cornell University . unpublished PhD thesis
   Google Scholar
• Nussbaum , J. and Novak , J. D. 1976 . ‘An Assessment of Children's Concepts of the Earth Utilizing Structured Interviews,’ . Sci. Educ. , 60 ( 4 ) : 535 – 550 .
   Google Scholar
• Oakes , M. E. 1945 . ‘Explanations of Natural Phenomena by Adults,’ . Sci. Educ. , 29 : 137 – 142 . 190-201
   Google Scholar
• Oakes , M. E. 1947 . Children's Explanations of Natural Phenomena , New York : Bureau of Publications, Teachers College, Columbia University .
   Google Scholar
• Papalia , D. E. 1972 . ‘The Status of Several Conservation Abilities Across the Life Span,’ . Human Development , 15 : 229 – 243 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Philp , H. and Kelly , M. 1974 . ‘Product and Process in Cognitive Development: Some Comparative Data on the Performance of School Age Children in Different Cultures,’ . British Journal of Educational Psychology , 44 ( 3 ) : 248 – 265 .
   Google Scholar
• Pines , A. L. 1977 . ‘Scientific Concept Learning in Children: The Effect of Prior Knowledge on Resulting Cognitive Structure Subsequent to A-T Instruction,’ , Ithaca, New York : Cornell Univ. . unpublished PhD thesis
   Google Scholar
• Pufall , P. B. , Shaw , R. E. and Syrdal-Lasky , A. 1973 . ‘Development of Number Conservation: An Examination of Some Predictions from Piaget's Stage Analysis and Equilibration Model,’ . Child Dev. , 44 : 21 – 27 .
   Google Scholar
• Raven , R. J. 1977 . ‘The Development of a Test of Piaget's Operative Comprehension,’ . Sci. Educ. , 61 ( 3 ) : 271 – 278 .
   Google Scholar
• Ripple R. E. Rockcastle V. N. ‘Piaget Rediscovered,’ Report of a Conference Ithaca New York 1964
   Google Scholar
• Rothenberg , B. 1969a . ‘Conservation of Number Among Four- and Five-Year-Old Children: Some Methodological Considerations,’ . Child Dev. , 40 : 383 – 406 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rothenberg , B. and Courtney , R. G. 1969b . ‘Conservation of Number in Very Young Children,’ . Developmental Psychology , 1 ( 5 ) : 495 – 502 .
   Google Scholar
• Rowell , R. M. ‘Children's Concept of Natural Phenomena: Use of Cognitive Mapping Approach to Describe These Concepts,’ . paper presented at NARST Annual Convention Session IX-D . March 19 1975 .
   Google Scholar
• Schaefer , G. and Kaitmann , U. 1976 . ‘IPN Unit Bank Biology - A New Type of Biology Curriculum,’ . Journal of Biological Education , 10 ( 5 ) : 242 – 248 .
   Google Scholar
• Simon , H. A. 1974 . ‘How Big is a Chunk?’ . Science , 183 : 482 – 488 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smedslund , J. 1961 . ‘The Acquisition of Conservation of Substance and Weight in Children: I. Introduction,’ . Scand. Journal of Psychology , 2 : 11 – 20 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smedslund , J. 1964 . ‘Concrete Reasoning: A Study of Intellectual Development,’ . Child Dev. Monogr. , 29 : 2
   Google Scholar
• Smedslund , J. 1966a . ‘Microanalysis of Concrete Reasoning I. The Difficulty of Some Combinations of Addition and Subtraction of One Unit,’ . Scand. J. Psychol. , 7 : 145 – 56 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Smedslund , J. 1966b . ‘Microanalysis of Concrete Reasoning II. The Effect of Number Transformations and Non-redundant Elements, and Some Variations in Procedure,’ . Scand. J. Psychol. , 7 : 157 – 163 .
   Google Scholar
• Smedslund , J. 1966c . ‘Microanalysis of Concrete Reasoning III. Theoretical Overview,’ . Scand. J. Psychol. , 7 : 164 – 167 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Somerville , S. C. 1974 . ‘The Pendulum Problem: Patterns of Performance Defining Developmental Stages,’ . British Journal of Psychology , 44 : 266 – 281 .
   Google Scholar
• Toulmin , S. 1971 . “ ‘The Concept of “Stages” in Psychological Development’ ” . In Cognitive Development and Epistemology , Edited by: Mischel , T. New York : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Toulmin , S. 1972 . Human Understanding, Volume I: The Collective Use and Evolution of Concepts , Princeton : Princeton University Press .
   Google Scholar
• West , L. H. T. and Fensham , P. J. 1974 . ‘Prior Knowledge and the Learning of Science, A Review of Ausubel's Theory of this Process,’ . ‘Studies in Science Education , 1 : 61 – 81 .
   Google Scholar
• Winkelmann , W. 1974 . ‘Factorial Analysis of Children's Conservation Task Performance,’ . Child Dev. , 45 : 843 – 848 .
   Google Scholar
• Winer , G. A. 1974 . ‘Conservation of Different Quantities Among Pre-School Children,’ . Child Dev. , 45 : 839 – 842 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Za'rour , G. I. and Panaouri-Kilaniotis , A. L. 1977 . ‘Analytic Styles of Categorization and Conservation Abilities Among Greek Cypriot Children,’ . Sci. Educ. , 61 ( 1 ) : 47 – 56 .
   Google Scholar