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Articles

Science Education for Citizens: Perspectives and Issues II. Science and Technology Policy and the Democratic Process

Pages 47-64 | Published online: 14 Mar 2008

References

  • Dorothy Nelkin Controversy: Politics of Technical Decisions SAGE Publications Beverly Hills 1979 For a review and analysis of these conflicts, see
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  • The above data on public attitudes are from the National Science Board, Science Indicators 1976. USGPO (1977), pp. 168-182. Similar ambivalence shows up in European surveys. See Commission of the European Communities, Science and European Public Opinion, Brussels, 1977. A more recent survey focusing specifically on medical research shows greater confidence in this field than others. Most respondents felt medical research has changed life for the better (very much better — 59%, somewhat for the better — 34%). But 49% agreed that in deciding what to do, scientists are more concerned with their own research interests than with public benefits; National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects. Special Study. DHEW Publication No. (OS) 78-0015, 1978.
  • Nelson , RICHARD . 1977 . The Moon and the Ghetto , New York : W. W. Norton .
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  • 1972 . ‘Four Systems of Policy, Politics and Choice’ . Public Administration Review , July/August : 298 – 309 . LA PORTE, TODD, ‘The Study of Public Organizations’, In MARINI, FRANK, Towards a New Public Administration, Scranton: Chandler, 1971, p.20.
  • Scott , WILLIAM . 1969 . ‘Organizational Government: The Prospects for a Truly Participatory System’ . Public Administration Review , January/February : 43 – 53 . CRAMTON, ROGER, ‘The Why, Where, and How of Broadening Public Participation in the Administrative Process’, Georgetown Law Journal 60:3 (February 1972), p. 529. See also GELLHORN, ERNEST, ‘Public Participation in Administrative Proceedings’, The Yale Law Journal 81:3 (January 1972), p. 367.
  • Wade , Nicholas . 1972 . ‘Freedom of Information’ . Science , 175 4 February : 493 – 502 . A review of these problems appears in, KOLATA, G., ‘Freedom of Information Act: Problems at the FDA’, Science 189 (4 July 1975), pp. 32-33.
  • Sullivan , J. 1977 . “ ‘Implications of NSF Assistance to Non-Profit Organizations’ ” . In Report to NSF 64 Washington, D.C. An unpublished report
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  • Dimento , J. 1977 . ‘Citizen Environmental Litigation and Administrative Process’ . Duke Law Journal , 22 : 409 – 452 . For a review and bibliography on citizen litigation, see, For the difficulty of finding conceptual correspondence between scientific developments and legal concepts, see CARROLL, JAMES, ‘Participatory Technology’, Science 171 (19 February 1971), pp. 647-653.
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  • For reviews of environmental mediation efforts, see the EIA Review published at MIT.
  • Cambridge Experimentation Review Board . 1976 . ‘Guidelines for the Use of Recombinant DNA Molecule Technology in the City of Cambridge’ , December 21
  • Nelkin , Dorothy . 1978 . Technological Decisions and Democracy , Beverly Hills : SAGE Publications .
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  • Bazelon and David , L. 1979 . ‘Risk and Responsibility’ . Science , 205 July 20 : 278
  • 1978 . Daedalus , 44 ( March ) See devoted to the theme of Limits of Scientific Inquiry, and the Nobel Symposium, Volume 44, Ethics for Science Policy, Pergamon Press, 1979.
  • A study of IRBs found that, although accepting the legitimacy of the IRBs, 25% of the 940 biomedical scientists and 38% of the 395 behavioural and social scientists interviewed felt the review procedures are an unwarranted intrusion on the investigator's autonomy; 43% of the biomedical scientists and 54% of the behavioural scientists felt the procedure had impeded the progress of research. National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects, Report and Recommendations on Institutional Review Boards, DHEW Publication (OS) 78-0008 (September 1978), p. 75.

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