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Original Articles

‘A Taste for Country Life’: the policy and practice of bias in English rural education, 1918–1939

Pages 227-245 | Published online: 11 Aug 2006

References

  • Marwick , A. 1965 . The Deluge: British Society & The First World War 117 – 118 .
  • Hertfordshire Record Office (HRO) (1916) HEd4/22 pp. 300–301 Exemption Returns April‐June, and p. 385 Exemption Returns July‐September; HEd4/23 pp. 25–26 Exemption Returns October‐December.
  • Department for Education Board of Education (BEd) School Attendance & Employment in Agriculture – Summary of Returns for 31 January 1916, 31 May 1916 and 16 October 1916 and BEd Circular 943 29 February 1916.
  • 1931 . Herts Advertiser , 9 October Dictionary of National Biography 1941–50, pp. 118–120.
  • Roberts , F.C. 1979 . Obituaries From the Times 1951–50 , : 146 – 147 . Anon Who's Who in Hertfordshire 1936; Who Was Who Vols 3, 4 & 6.
  • 1921 . West Hertfordshire Observer (WH Observer) , 1 January
  • Keith‐Lucas , Bryan and Richards , Peter G. 1978 . A History of Local Government in the Twentieth Century , : 98 – 102 .
  • Lee , J.M. 1963 . Social Leaders and Public Persons: a study of county Government in Cheshire since 1888 , : 72 – 74 . 80
  • 1928 . Herts Mercury , 7 January National Farmers' Union (NFU) St Albans NFU Record: Herts Edition, February 1930, p. 117; Waterson, Mary (1965) the Story of Sawbridgeworth: A Century of Village Schooling, pp. 6–7.
  • NFU St Albans . 1968 . The Hertfordshire Farmer , 15 October : 145
  • 1919 . Herts Gazette , 12 July
  • Public Record Office (PRO) ED10/188 Commons speech by H.A.L. Fisher on Educational Estimates, 19 April 1917.
  • 1920 . Hertforshire & Essex Observer (H&E Observer) , 23 October HRO HEd4/26 p. 655 Hertfordshire Education Committee (HEQ 15 October 1920.
  • 1920 . Herts Advertiser , 24 January 11 July 1925, 16 May 1930; NFU St Albans NFU Record Herts Edition, February 1930, p. 117.
  • HRO HCC2/113 County Paper (CP) 45 HEC 29 March 1926, pp. 13–16.
  • Greenhalgh , V.C. 1974 . Local Educational Administrators 1870–1974: the emergence & growth of a profession 163 Leeds unpublished PhD.
  • HRO HEd4/26 p. 655 HEC 15 October 1920.
  • Herts Express , 28 June WH Observer, 28 June 1919; Herts Advertiser, 22 November 1919.
  • HRO HEd4/26 p. 765 Finance & General Purposes Sub Committee (FGPSC) 13 December 1920, and pp. 886–88 HEC 14 January 1921.
  • 1921 . Herts Express , 12 February Herts Advertiser, 11 June 1921; HRO HCC2/98 CP68 FGPSC 29 May 1922, pp. 4–7.
  • HRO HCC2/101 CP35 HEC 13 April 1923, pp. 6–7.
  • HRO HCC2/103 CP166 HCC Education Handbook Elementary Education, November 1923, p. 24; HCC2/116 CP222 HCC Suggested Syllabus of Rural Education, February 1927, Appendix III, p. 15; HEd1 39/3 Kimpton Church of England (CE) School Logbook 26 April 1926; 2418 copies had been sold by 1930 – HCC2/129 CP14 FGPSC 24 March 1930, pp. 5–6.
  • 1939 . Herts Mercury , 4 August HRO HCC2/98 CP68 FGPSC 29 May 1922, pp. 4–7; Herts Record, 23 March 1923.
  • 1921 . Herts Express , 12 February Herts Record, 6 May 1921; Herts Advertiser, 7 May 1921.
  • HRO HCC2/101 CP8 Higher Education Sub Committee (HESC) 16 March 1923, pp. 10–11; HCC2/104 CP176 FGPSC 17 December 1923, pp. 6–7.
  • HRO HCC2/107 CP135 HESC 26 September 1924, pp. 6–10.
  • 1925 . Herts Express , 26 December H&E Observer, 3 April 1926.
  • 1927 . Herts Mercury , 10 September
  • 1927 . Herts Advertiser , 13 May
  • 1927 . Suggested Syllabus of Rural Education , February : 2 HRO HCC2/116 CP222 Hertfordshire County Council (HCC)
  • 1922 . Herts Record , 21 April London University Institute of Education Library (LU) BEd pamphlet 46, Rural Education, January 1926, p. 8.
  • 1926 . Rural Education , January : 9 – 17 . LU BEd pamphlet 46.
  • 1927 . Suggested Syllabus of Rural Education , February : 2 – 3 . HRO HCC2/116 CP222 HCC.
  • Ibid, p. 3.
  • Ibid, pp. 5–14.
  • 1927 . WH Observer , 8 January : 11
  • HRO HCC2/118 CP83 HESC 30 May 1927, pp. 24–25.
  • HRO HCC2/122 CP82 FGPSC 1 June 1928, p. 6 & HCC2/123 CP171 HEC 8 October 1928, pp. 92–93.
  • HRO HEd1 17/2 Buckland CE School Logbook, 14 October 1927 & 18 September 1929.
  • HRO HCC2/118 CP83 HESC 30 May 1927, pp. 24–25.
  • 1928 . WH Observer , 23 June HRO HCC2/120 CP226 HEC 9 January 1928, pp. 113–114; HC2/123 CP171 HEC 8 October 1928, pp. 90–91; Herts Mercury, 16 June 1928.
  • HRO HEd3 7/1 Chief Education Officer's Annual Reports 31 March 1929, pp. 15–16 & 31 March 1930, pp. 1–2.
  • HRO HEd1 113/6 Hertingfordbury Cowper Endowed School Logbook: entries 1928–1939.
  • 1928 . Herts Mercury , 21 July
  • PRO ED11/187 Ministry of Agriculture circular to LEAs, 7 November 1929, p. 2.
  • PRO ED11/187 BEd internal memorandum to Divisonal Staff, 4 December 1929, p. 1.
  • 1929 . Suggested Syllabus of Rural Education , July HRO HCC2/128 CP222 HCC.
  • HRO HCC2/139 CP131 HEC 10 October 1932, pp. 81–82.
  • Ibid; & HCC2/125 CP19 HMI's Report upon the Working of the Rural Education Syllabus (1929).
  • 1934 . Education in the Countryside , : 5 LU BEd Pamphlet No99.
  • Ibid, p. 8.
  • Ibid, pp. 9–11.
  • 1939 . Joint Memorandum to the President of the Board of Education & the Ministry of Agriculture & Fisheries by the Parliamentary Secretaries of the two departments , August PRO ED11/297
  • 1936 . Higher Education Handbook , 20 June : 13 – 15 . HRO HCC2/153 CP53 HCC.
  • 1937 . The Place of the Senior School in Agricultural Education , 9 November PRO ED11/297 BEd.
  • Ibid.
  • HRO HCC2/158 CP93 HEC 21 June 1937, pp. 14–16.
  • 1939 . Joint Memorandum to the President of the Board of Education & the Ministry of Agriculture & Fisheries by the Parliamentary Secretaries of the two departments , August : 1 PRO ED11/297
  • 1923 . Education Handbook: Elementary Education , November : 32 – 33 . HRO HCC2/103 CP166 HCC.
  • HRO HCC2/114 CP110 HEC 18 June 1926, pp. 37–38.
  • 1936 . HMI Report on Reorganisation in Hertfordshire , February : 6 PRO ED19/586
  • HRO HEd4/26 pp. 191–192 HEC 9 April 1920, pp. 177–772, FGPSC 13 December 1920, pp. 895–896 HEC 14 January 1921; HEd4/27 pp. 232–237 HCC A Three Year's Course of Instruction for Pupil‐Teachers, April 1921; HCC2/105 CP12 HESC17 March 1924, p. 21.
  • HRO HEd4/27 pp. 501–503 HESC 26 September 1921; HCC2/105 CP12 HESC 17 March 1924, p. 19.
  • HRO HCC2/118 CP83 HESC 30 May 1927, pp. 13–19.
  • 1929 . BEd Report on the Parliamentary Education & Training of Teachers in Hertfordshire , 29 June HRO HCC2/125 CP51 HEC 8 April 1929, pp. 48–52; HCC2/127 CP151 HESC 20 September 1929, pp. 22–24, HCC2/128 CP261 HEC 3 January 1930, pp. 73–75; HCC2/138 CP84 HEC 24 June 1932, pp. 35–36; PRO ED77/198.
  • HRO HCC2/97 CP8 FGPSC 10 March 1922, pp. 2–4.
  • HRO HCC2/98 CP68 FGPSC 29 May 1922, pp. 24–28 & CP96 HEC 12 June 1922, pp. 23–27.
  • 1922 . Herts Advertiser , 22 July
  • Ibid.
  • 1925 . H&E Observer , 17 January HRO HCC2/107 CP165 HEC 17 October 1924, pp. 26–27.
  • HRO HCC2/103 CP147 HEC 19 October 1923, p. 23.
  • HRO HCC2/136 CP226 HEC 15 January 1932, pp. 5–10; HCC2/137 CP36 HEC 8 April 1932, p. 3.
  • HRO HCC2/137 CP36 HEC 8 April 1932, p. 3.
  • HRO HCC2/127 CP153 Schools Reorganisation Committee (SRC) 27 September 1929, pp. 2–4; HCC2/158 CP93 HEC 21 June 1937, pp. 14–16.
  • HRO HCC2/162 CP81 HEC 20 June 1938, pp. 53–54.
  • HRO HCC2/135 CP140 SRC 18 September 1931, pp. 1–5.
  • Ibid.
  • Ibid.
  • 1936 . HMI Hertfordshire County: Report on the Progress of Reorganisation of Public Elementary Schools on Hadow Lines , : 6 PRO ED19/586.
  • Ibid; & Lowndes, G.A.N. (Rev. Ed.) (1969) The Silent Social Revolution, p. 117; Bernbaum, Gerald (1967) Social Change & The Schools 1918–1944, pp. 56 & 70–71; Simon, Brian (1974) The Politics of Educational Reform 192040, p. 191; Middleton, Nigel & Weitzman, Sophia (1976) A Place for Everyone, p. 179; Education (1934) 27 April, pp. 467–468; Times Educational Supplement, (1935) 30 March, p. 105, (1936) 18 January, p. 23, (1938) 22 October, p. 393.
  • Parker , D.H. 1993 . Elementary Education, Society & Politics in Hertfordshire 1918–39 unpublished PhD. , Open University . For full references see
  • Ibid.
  • Furse , M.B. 1953 . Stand Therefore! A bishop's testimony of faith in the Church of England , HRO HCC2/125 CP28 A Statement of Diocesan Policy on the Proposed Re‐Organisation of Elementary Schools, 6 March 1929; BL WH Observer 15 June 1929 & 2 November; Herts Advertiser, 5 July 1929 & 13 December, 23 May 1930, 6 May 1932.
  • HRO HEd4/26 County Medical Officer's Annual Report (CMOAR), 1919 pp. 382–383.
  • HRO HEd4/26 pp. 499–500 HEC 21 June 1920; HCC2/98 CP70 CMOAR 1921, p. 26 & CP68 FGPSC 29 May 1922, pp. 28–32; HCC2/102 CP74 CMOAR 1922, p. 30 & CP96 HEC15 June 1923, pp. 4–8; HCC@/106 CMOAR 1923, p. 29.
  • HRO HCC2/114 CP80 CMOAR 1925, pp. 33–35; PRO ED99/39 BEd Internal minutes and drafts on unsatisfactory Hertfordshire school premises 1924–1926. In all, two voluntary and five council schools were on Black List ‘A’, and 33 voluntary and two council schools on List ‘B’.
  • HRO HCC2/126 CP92 CMOAR 1928, p. 40; HCC2/123 CP145 FGPSC 28 September 1928, pp. 6–9.
  • HRO HCC2/158 CP78 CMOAR 1936, pp. 20–21; HCC2/162 CP63 CMOAR 1937, p. 11; HCC2/166 CP62 CMOAR 1938, pp. 15 & 43.

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