Women, gender and protest: contesting oil palm plantation expansion in Indonesia

References

• Acciaioli, G. and O. Dewi. 2016. Opposition to oil palm plantations in Kalimantan: Divergent strategies, convergent outcomes. In the oil palm complex: Smallholders, agribusiness and the state in Indonesia and Malaysia, eds. R. Cramb and J. McCarthy, 327–53. Singapore: NUS Press.
   Google Scholar
• Afiff, S., N. Fazi, G. Hart, L. Ntsebeza, and N. Peluso. 2005. Redefining agrarian power: Resurgent agrarian movements in West Java, Indonesia. Center for Southeast Asian Studies Working Paper CSEASWP2–05.
   Google Scholar
• Afrizal. 2007. The Nagari community, business and the state: The origin and the process of contemporary agrarian protests in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Bogor: Sawit Watch and Forest People's Programme.
   Google Scholar
• Agarwal, B. 1994. Gender, resistance and land: Interlinked struggles over resources and meanings in South Asia. The Journal of Peasant Studies 22, no. 1: 81–125. doi: 10.1080/03066159408438567
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agarwal, B. 2000. Conceptualising environmental collective action: Why gender matters. Cambridge Journal of Economics 24, no. 3: 283–310. doi: 10.1093/cje/24.3.283
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agarwal, B. 2001. Participatory exclusions, community forestry, and gender: An analysis for South Asia and a conceptual framework. World Development 29, no. 10: 1623–48. doi: 10.1016/S0305-750X(01)00066-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barcellos, G.H., and S.B. Ferreira. 2008. Women and eucalyptus. Montevideo: World Rainforest Movement.
   Google Scholar
• Barrientos, S., A. Bee, A. Matear, and I. Vogel. 1999. Women and agribusiness—working miracles in the Chilean fruit export sector. London: Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Beckwith, K. 1996. Lancashire women against pit closures: Women's standing in a men's movement. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 21, no. 4: 1034–68. doi: 10.1086/495131
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Behrman, J., R. Meinzen-Dick and A. Quisumbing. 2012. The gender implications of large-scale land deals. The Journal of Peasant Studies 39, no. 1: 49–79. doi: 10.1080/03066150.2011.652621
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blackburn, S. 2004. Women and the state in modern Indonesia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Borras Jr, S.M., and J. Franco. 2010. Towards a broader view of the politics of global land grab: Rethinking land issues, reframing resistance. Initiatives in Critical Agrarian Studies (ICAS), Land Deal Politics Initiative (LDPI) and Transnational Institute (TNI).
   Google Scholar
• BPS Provinsi Kalimantan Barat. 2009. Kalimantan Barat Dalam Angka/Kalimantan Barat in Figures. Pontianak: BPS Provinsi Kalimantan Barat.
   Google Scholar
• BPS Provinsi Kalimantan Barat. 2016. Kalimantan Barat Dalam Angka / Kalimantan Barat in Figures. Pontianak: BPS Provinsi Kalimantan Barat.
   Google Scholar
• Casson, A. 2000. The hesitant boom: Indonesia's oil palm sub-sector in an era of economic crisis and political change. Bogor: CIFOR.
   Google Scholar
• Colchester, M. 2011. Palm oil and indigenous peoples in South East Asia. Forest People's Programme and International Land Coalition. http://www.forestpeoples.org/sites/fpp/files/publication/2010/08/palmoilindigenouspeoplesoutheastasiafinalmceng_0.pdf (June 1, 2011).
   Google Scholar
• Collins, E.F. 2007. Indonesia betrayed: How development fails. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
   Google Scholar
• Corcoran-Nantes, Y. 1993. Female consciousness or feminist consciousness? In ‘ Viva’: Women and popular protest in Latin America, ed. Sarah A. Radcliffe and Sallie Westwood, 136–155. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Dauvergne, P., and K.J. Neville. 2010. Forests, food, and fuel in the tropics: The uneven social and ecological consequences of the emerging political economy of biofuels. The Journal of Peasant Studies 37, no. 4: 631–60. doi: 10.1080/03066150.2010.512451
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dove, M.R. 1993. Smallholder rubber and swidden agriculture in Borneo: A sustainable adaptation to the ecology and economy of the tropical forest. Economic Botany 47, no. 2: 136–47. doi: 10.1007/BF02862016
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dove, M.R. 1996. So far from power, so near to the forest: A structural analysis of gain and blame in tropical forest development. In Borneo in transition: People, forests, conservation and development, ed. C. Padoch and N. Peluso, 41–58. New York: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Eilenberg, M. 2009. Negotiating autonomy at the margins of the state: The dynamics of elite politics in the borderland of West Kalimantan, Indonesia. South East Asia Research 17, no. 2: 201–27. doi: 10.5367/000000009788745831
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Einwohner, R.L., J.A. Hollander, and T. Olson. 2000. Engendering social movements: Cultural images and movement dynamics. Gender and Society 14, no. 5: 679–99. doi: 10.1177/089124300014005006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerber, J.F. 2011. Conflicts over industrial tree plantations in the South: Who, how and why? Global Environmental Change 21, no. 1: 165–76. doi: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2010.09.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gunewardena, N. 2010. Bitter cane: Gendered fields of power in Sri Lanka's sugar economy. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 35, no. 2: 371–96. doi: 10.1086/605481
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall, R., M. Edelman, S.M. Borras Jr., I. Scoones, B. White and W. Wolford. 2015. Resistance, acquiescence or incorporation? An introduction to land grabbing and political reactions “from below”. The Journal of Peasant Studies 42, no. 3–4: 467–88. doi: 10.1080/03066150.2015.1036746
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hart, G. 1991. Engendering everyday resistance: gender, patronage and production politics in rural Malaysia. The Journal of Peasant Studies 19, no. 1: 93–121. doi: 10.1080/03066159108438472
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ILO/FAO/IUF (International Labor Organization/Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/International Union of Food Workers). 2007. Agricultural workers and their contribution to sustainable agriculture and rural development. Geneva: International Labor Organization.
   Google Scholar
• Julia, with B. White. 2012. Gendered experiences of dispossession: Oil palm expansion in a Dayak Hibun community in West Kalimantan. The Journal of Peasant Studies 39, no. 3&4: 995–1016. doi: 10.1080/03066150.2012.676544
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klandermans, V. 2003. The demand and supply of participation: Social-psychological correlates of participation in social movements. In The Blackwell companion to social movements, ed. D.A. Snow, S.A. Soule, and H. Kriesi, 360–79. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Komarudin, H., Y.L. Siagian, and C.J.P. Colfer. 2008. Collective action to secure property rights for the poor: A case study in Jambi province, Indonesia. Washington, DC: CGIAR.
   Google Scholar
• Levang, P., W.F. Riva and M.G. Orth. 2016. Oil palm plantations and conflict in Indonesia: Evidence from West Kalimantan. In The oil palm complex: Smallholders, agribusiness and the state in Indonesia and Malaysia, ed. R. Cramb and J. McCarthy, 283–300. NUS Press.
   Google Scholar
• Levien, M. 2015. Gender and land grabs in comparative perspective. In Gender equality and sustainable development, ed. M. Leach, 105–32. London: Earthscan.
   Google Scholar
• Li, T.M. 2011. Centering labor in the land grab debate. The Journal of Peasant Studies 38, no. 2: 281–98. doi: 10.1080/03066150.2011.559009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, T.M. 2015. Social impacts of oil palm in Indonesia: A gendered perspective from West Kalimantan. Occasional Paper 124. Bogor, Indonesia: CIFOR.
   Google Scholar
• Marti, S. 2008. Losing ground: The human rights impacts of oil palm plantation expansion in Indonesia. Friends of the Earth, LifeMosaic and Sawit Watch.
   Google Scholar
• McCarthy, J.F. 2010. Processes of inclusion and adverse incorporation: Oil palm and agrarian change in Sumatra, Indonesia. The Journal of Peasant Studies 37, no. 4: 821–50. doi: 10.1080/03066150.2010.512460
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCarthy, J.F., and R.A. Cramb. 2009. Policy narratives, landholder engagement, and oil palm expansion on the Malaysian and Indonesian frontiers. Geographical Journal 175, no. 2: 112–23. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-4959.2009.00322.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer, D.S. 2004. Protest and political opportunities. Annual Review of Sociology 30: 125–45. doi: 10.1146/annurev.soc.30.012703.110545
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer, D.S., and D.V. Reyes. 2010. Social movements and contentious politics. In Handbook of politics: State and society in global perspective, eds. K.T. Leicht and J.C. Jenkins, 217–33. New York: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Milieudefensie, Lembaga Gemawan, and KONTAK Rakyat Borneo. 2007. Policy, practice, pride and prejudice: Review of legal, environmental and social practices of oil palm plantation companies of the Wilmar Group in Sambas District, West Kalimantan (Indonesia). Amsterdam: Milieudefensie. http://www.foeeurope.org/publications/2007/Wilmar_Palm_Oil_Environmental_Social_Impact.pdf (accessed August 1, 2009).
   Google Scholar
• Miraftab, F. 2006. Feminist praxis, citizenship and informal politics: Reflections on South Africa's anti-eviction campaign. International Feminist Journal of Politics 8, no. 2: 194–218. doi: 10.1080/14616740600612830
   Google Scholar
• Nightingale, A. 2006. The nature of gender: Work, gender, and environment. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 24: 165–85. doi: 10.1068/d01k
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nova. 2008. 5000 Warga Duduki Kantor Bupati Sambas. Equator, June 25.
   Google Scholar
• Park, C.M., B. White and Julia. 2015. We are not all the same: Taking gender seriously in food sovereignty discourse. Third World Quarterly 36, no. 3: 584–99. doi: 10.1080/01436597.2015.1002988
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Potter, L. 2005. Commodity and environment in colonial Borneo; Economic value, forest conversions and concern for conservation. In Histories of the Borneo environment: Economic, political and social dimensions of change and continuity, ed. R.L. Wadley, 109–36. Leiden: KITLV Press.
   Google Scholar
• Potter, L. 2008. Dayak resistance to oil palm plantations in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Melbourne.
   Google Scholar
• Pye, O. 2010. The biofuel connection–transnational activism and the palm oil boom. The Journal of Peasant Studies 37, no. 4: 851–74. doi: 10.1080/03066150.2010.512461
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramadhanti, R. 2011. Women's struggle for their lands and livelihoods in the Kampar Peninsular, Indonesia. Forest Peoples Programme. http://www.forestpeoples.org/enewsletters/fpp-e-newsletterspecial-edition-gender-june-2011 (accessed July 1, 2011).
   Google Scholar
• Razavi, S. 2003. Introduction: Agrarian change, gender and land rights. Journal of Agrarian Change 3, no. 1–2: 2–32. doi: 10.1111/1471-0366.00049
   Google Scholar
• Scott, J. 1985. Weapons of the weak: Everyday forms of peasant rebellion. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Sheil, D. et al. 2009. The impacts and opportunities of oil palm in Southeast Asia: What do we know and what do we need to know? Bogor: CIFOR.
   Google Scholar
• Silvey, R. 2003. Spaces of protest: Gendered migration, social networks, and labor activism in West Java, Indonesia. Political Geography 22, no. 2: 129–55. doi: 10.1016/S0962-6298(02)00092-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sinaga, H. 2013. Indonesian oil palm plantations: Decent work deficit despite employment growth. In The food crisis: Implications for labor, 99–126. Munich: Rainer Hampp Verlag.
   Google Scholar
• Sirait, M. 2009. Indigenous peoples and oil palm plantation expansion in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Amsterdam: Cordaid.
   Google Scholar
• Taylor, V., and N. Van Dyke. 2003. “Get up, stand up”: Tactical repertoires of social movements. In The Blackwell companion to social movements, ed. D.A. Snow, S.A. Soule, and H. Kriesi, 262–93. Blackwell Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• UNDP, BPS-Statistics Indonesia, and BAPPENAS. 2004. Indonesian human development report: The economics of democracy. Financing Human Development in Indonesia. Jakarta. http://www.undp.or.id/pubs/ihdr2004/ihdr2004_full.pdf (accessed December 15, 2010) .
   Google Scholar
• UNDP Indonesia. 2010. Women's participation in politics and government in Indonesia. Jakarta: UNDP Indonesia.
   Google Scholar
• Wakker, Eric. 2005. Greasy palms: The social and ecological impacts of large-scale oil palm plantation development in Southeast Asia. London: Friends of the Earth.
   Google Scholar
• Walker, Cherryl. 2009. Interview with LS, Cremin, South Africa. Journal of Peasant Studies 36, no. 2: 453–58.
   Google Scholar
• WFP Indonesia. 2009. A food security and vulnerability atlas of Indonesia. Jakarta: WFP.
   Google Scholar
• White, B., Clara M. Park, and Julia. 2014. The gendered political ecology of agrofuels expansion. In The political ecology of agrofuels, ed. K. Dietz, B. Engels, O. Pye, and A. Brunnengräber, 53–69. London: Routledge ISS Studies in Rural Livelihoods.
   Google Scholar
• Whittier, N. 2003. The consequences of social movements for each other. In The Blackwell companion to social movements, ed. D.A. Snow, S.A. Soule, and H. Kriesi, 531–52. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Wright, A.L., and W. Wolford. 2003. To inherit the earth: The landless movement and the struggle for a new Brazil. Oakland: Food First Books.
   Google Scholar
• Wolford, W. 2009. Everyday forms of political expression. The Journal of Peasant Studies 36, no. 2: 411–58. doi: 10.1080/03066150902928397
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Bank and IFC. 2011. The World Bank group framework and IFC strategy for engagement in the palm oil sector. Washington, DC: World Bank and IFC.
   Google Scholar