2,592
Views
6
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

The role of collective mobilization in the divergent performance of the rural economies of China and India (1950–2005)

References

  • Andreas, J. 2008. “Changing Colours in China.” New Left Review 54: 63–85.
  • Aubert, C., and X. Li. 2002. ““Peasant Burden”: Taxes and Levies Imposed on Chinese Farmers.” In China in the Global Economy: Agricultural Policies in China After the WTO Accession, 160–179. Paris: OECD.
  • Bandyopadhyay, D. 1989. “Employment Programs in Rural India.” In The Elusive Target: An Evaluation of Target-Group Approaches to Employment Creation in Rural Asia, edited by M. Muqtada, 79–136. New Delhi: International Labor Organization.
  • Bardhan, P. 2010. Awakening Giants, Feet of Clay: Assessing the Economic Rise of China and India. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • Bhagwati, J. 2010. “India or China?” Accessed January 10, 2012. http://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/india-or-china-.
  • Bhalla, S. 2003. The Restructuring of the Unorganised Sector in India. New Delhi: Institute for Human Development.
  • Bramall, C. 1995. “Origins of the Agricultural “Miracle”: Some Evidence from Sichuan.” The China Quarterly 143: 731–755. doi: 10.1017/S0305741000015022
  • Bramall, C. 2000. Sources of Chinese Economic Growth, 1978–1996. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Bramall, C. 2007. The Industrialization of Rural China. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Bramall, C. 2009. Chinese Economic Development. London & New York: Routledge.
  • Bruce, J. W., and Z. Li. 2009. “Crossing the River While Feeling the Rocks: Land-tenure Reform in China.” In Millions Fed: Proven Successes in Agricultural Development, edited by David J. Spielman and Rajul Pandya-Lorch, 131–138. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute.
  • Byres, T. J. 1979. “Of Neo-populist Pipe-dreams: Daedalus in the Third World and the Myth of Urban Bias.” The Journal of Peasant Studies 6 (2): 210–244. doi: 10.1080/03066157908438073
  • Byres, T. J. 1996. Capitalism from Above and Capitalism from Below. Basingstoke: MacMillan.
  • Byres, T. J. 2012. “The Agrarian Question and Peasantry.” In The Elgar Companion to Marxist Economics, edited by Ben Fine, Alfredo Saad-Filho, and Marco Boffo, 10–15. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
  • Cai, Y., S. Ge, and J. Fan. 1999. “Nongcun laodong jilei gong yiwu gong shiyong qingkuang diaocha ji fenxi.” Zhongguo Shuili 11: 35–36.
  • CCPCC [Chinese Communist Party Central Committee]. [1962] 1980. “Regulations on the Work of the Rural People’s Communes.” In Socialism in the Chinese Countryside: Rural Societal Policies in the People’s Republic of China, 1949–1979, edited by Jürgen Domes, 128–158. London: C. Hurst.
  • Chadha, G. K. 2008. “The Rural Non-farm Sector in the Indian Economy: Growth, Challenges, and Future Direction.” In The Dragon and the Elephant: Agricultural and Rural Reforms in China and India, edited by Ashok Gulati and Shenggen Fan, 343–364. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
  • Chai, J. C. H., and K. C. Roy. 2006. Economic Reform in China and India: Development Experiences in a Comparative Perspective. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.
  • Chen, J. 2006. “Finance and Economic Development: Financing Township and Village Enterprises in the People’s Republic of China.” ADB Institute Discussion Paper No. 45.
  • Chen, Y. 2011. “Under the Same Maoist Sky: Accounting for Death Rate Discrepancies in Anhui and Jiangxi.” In Eating Bitterness: New Perspectives on China’s Great Leap Forward and Famine, edited by Kimberly Ens Manning and Felix Wemheuer, 197–225. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press.
  • Chen, L., and A. Buckwell. 1991. Chinese Grain Economy and Policy. Wallingford: C. A. B International.
  • Chin, G. T. 2012. “China as a ‘Net Donor’: Tracking Dollars and Sense.” Cambridge Review of International Affairs 25 (4): 579–60. doi: 10.1080/09557571.2012.744641
  • China Daily. 2002. “China’s Life Expectancy Averaged 71.8 Years.” March 28. Accessed December 1, 2013. http://en.people.cn/200203/28/eng20020328_93017.shtml.
  • Chung, J. H. 2000. Central Control and Local Discretion in China: Leadership and Implementation During Post-Mao Decollectivization. Oxford & New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Congress Agrarian Reforms Committee. 1949. Report of the Congress Agrarian Reforms Committee. New Delhi: All India Congress Committee.
  • Croll, E. 1985. Women and Rural Development in China: Production and Reproduction. Geneva: International Labour Office.
  • Democratic Research Service. 1959. Cooperative Farming: The Great Debate Between Jawaharlal Nehru, C Rajagopalachari, Jayprakash Narayan, K.M. Munshi, M.R. Masani, N.G. Ranga, Shirman Narayan, Frank Moraes, and Others. Bombay: Democratic Research Service.
  • Deng, D. 2003. “Yiwu gong huobihua: nongmin zengshou de yitiao tujing.” Yunnan Caizheng Yuhuiji 2: 44–46.
  • Dev, S. M. 1995. “India’s (Maharashtra) Employment Guarantee Scheme: Lessons from Long Experience.” In Employment for Poverty Reduction and Food Security, edited by Joachim Von Braun, 108–143. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute.
  • Dharampal. 1972. The Madras Panchayat System Vol II: A General Assessment. New Delhi: Impex India.
  • Donovan, W. G. 1973. “Rural Works and Employment: Description and Preliminary Analysis of a Land Army Project in Mysore State, India.” Department of Agricultural Economics Employment and Income Distribution Project Occasional Paper No. 60. Ithaca: Cornell University.
  • Duara, P. 1988. Culture, Power, and the State: Rural North China, 1900–1942. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
  • Easterly, W. 2002. “The Cartel of Good Intentions: The Problem of Bureaucracy in Foreign Aid.” The Journal of Policy Reform 5 (4): 223–250. doi: 10.1080/1384128032000096823
  • Fan, S., and C. Chan-Kang. 2005. “Is Small Beautiful? Farm Size, Productivity, and Poverty in Asian Agriculture.” Agricultural Economics 32: 135–146. doi: 10.1111/j.0169-5150.2004.00019.x
  • FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations). 1977. Learning from China: A Report on Agriculture and the Chinese People’s Communes. Bangkok: FAO.
  • FAO. 1980. China: The Agricultural Training System: Report on an FAO/UNDP Study Tour to the People’s Republic of China 5 October to 2 November 1978. Rome: FAO.
  • Frankel, F. R. 2005. India's Political Economy, 1947–2004: The Gradual Revolution. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.
  • Friedman, E. 2005. “Why Democracy Matters.” In Asia’s Giants: Comparing China and India, edited by Edward Friedman, and Bruce Gilley, 183–210. New York: Palgrave MacMillan.
  • Friedman, E., P. G. Pickowicz, and M. Selden. 2007. Chinese Village, Socialist State. New Haven: Yale University Press.
  • Gill, K. S. 1959. “The Nagpur Resolution: Agrarian Organization Pattern.” The Economic Weekly 11 (4–6): 223–228.
  • Gilley, B. 2005. “Two Passages to Modernity.” In Asia’s Giants: Comparing China and India, edited by Edward Friedman, and Bruce Gilley, 19–52. New York: Palgrave MacMillan.
  • GOI-MOAFW [Government of India, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare]. 2010. Agricultural Statistics at a Glance 2010. New Delhi: GOI- MOAFW.
  • GOI-MOAI [Government of India, Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation]. 1976. Report of the National Commission on Agriculture, Part XV: Agrarian Reforms. New Delhi: GOI-MOAI.
  • GOI-MOF [Government of India, Ministry of Finance]. 1972. Report of the Committee on Taxation of Agricultural Wealth and Income. New Delhi: GOI-MOF.
  • GOI-MOIP [Government of India, Ministry of Irrigation and Power]. 1972. Report of the Irrigation Commission 1972 volume I. Government of India: GOI-MOIP.
  • GOI-MOL [Government of India, Ministry of Labour]. 1955. Agricultural Labour Enquiry: Report on Intensive Survey of Agricultural Labour, Employment, Underemployment, Wages and Levels of Living. New Delhi: GOI-MOL.
  • GOI-MOSPI [Government of India, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation]. 2011. Selected Socio-economic Statistics. New Delhi: GOI-MOSPI.
  • Gopal, S. 1984. Jawaharlal Nehru: A Bibliography, vol. 3: 1956–1964. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.
  • Gopinath, C., G. C. M. Asan, and V. M. Das. 1978. Pilot Intensive Rural Employment Project in Trithala Block of Kerala: an Evaluation. Ahmedabad: Center for Management in Agriculture, Indian Institute of Management.
  • Government of India, Ministry of Finance. 2002. “Literacy as Seen in the 2001 Census.” Accessed April 10, 2014. http://indiabudget.nic.in/es2001-02/chapt2002/chap106.pdf2002.
  • Government of India, Ministry of Finance. 2012. Economic Survey 2011–12. New Delhi: GOI-MOF.
  • Government of India, Ministry of Food and Agriculture. 1956. Report of the Indian Delegation to China on Agricultural Planning and Techniques. New Delhi: Manager of Publications.
  • Government of India, Planning Commission. 1957. Report of the Indian Delegation to China on Agricultural Cooperatives. New Delhi: GOI-PC.
  • Government of India, Planning Commission. 1962. Projects for Intensive Development of Small Industries in Rural Areas. New Delhi: GOI-PC.
  • Government of India, Planning Commission. 2014. http://planningcommission.gov.in/data/datatable/data_2312/DatabookDec2014%202.pdf.
  • Gray, Jack. 2006. “Mao in Perspective.” The China Quarterly 187: 659–679. doi: 10.1017/S0305741006000294
  • Guowuyuan. 1991. “Nongmin chengdan feiyong he laowu guanli tiaoli.” Accessed August 1, 2017 http://law.npc.gov.cn/FLFG/flfgByID.action?txtid=4&flfgID=18955&showDetailType=QW.
  • Gupta, S. 1959. “The Retreat from Nagpur.” The Economic Weekly 11 (28–30): 933–936.
  • Gupta, A. 1998. Postcolonial Developments: Agriculture in the Making of Modern India. Durham: Duke University Press.
  • Hanson, A. H. 1966. The Process of Planning: A Study of India's Five-year Plans, 1950–1964. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Haque, T., and A. S. Sirohi. 1986. Agrarian Reforms and Institutional Changes In India. New Delhi: Concept Publishing Company.
  • He, X. 2006a. “Wei cunmin xiaozuzhang minbuping.” Accessed December 1, 2012. http://www.snzg.net/article/2006/1030/article_353.html.
  • He, X. 2006b. “Cunmin xiaozu huiyi.” Accessed December 1, 2012. http://www.snzg.net/article/2006/1031/article_508.html.
  • He, X. 2006c. “Cunmin xiaozu de zhili (Governance of the villager group).” December 1, 2012 http://www.snzg.net/article/2006/1031/article_493.html.
  • He, X. 2007. “Renmin gongshe de san da gongneng.” Accessed January 3, 2014. http://hexuefeng.blogchina.com/425461.html.
  • He, X. 2012a. Zhongguo nongtian shuili diaocha: yi Hubei sheng Shayang xian weili. Jinan: Shandong Renmin Chubanshe.
  • He, X. 2012b. “Nongmin ruhe zuzhi qilai?” Accessed December 12, 2012. http://www.aisixiang.com/data/50252.html.
  • Hershatter, G. 2011. The Gender of Memory: Rural Women and China’s Collective Past. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Hipgrave, D. 2011. “Communicable Disease Control in China: From Mao to Now.” Journal of Global Health 1 (2): 224–238.
  • Huang, P. C. C. 1990. The Peasant Family and Rural Development in the Yangzi Delta, 1350–1988. Stanford: Stanford Univ. Press.
  • Huang, Y. 2008. Capitalism with Chinese Characteristics: Entrepreneurship and the State. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Huang, Y. 2014. “The Continuity and Changes of the Hukou System Since the 1990s: A Critical Review.” In Urban China in the New Era: Market Reforms, Current State, and the Road Forward, edited by Zhiming Cheng, Mark Wang, and Junhua Chen, 25–44. Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag.
  • Huang, Y., and T. Khanna. 2005. “Indigenous Versus Foreign Business Models.” In Asia’s Giants: Comparing China and India, edited by Edward Friedman and Bruce Gilley, 161–179. New York: Palgrave MacMillan.
  • Huang, J, J. Y. Lin, S. Rozelle. 2000. What Will Make Chinese Agriculture More Productive? Working paper no. 56. Stanford: Stanford University Center for International Development.
  • Huang, J., S. Rozelle, and K. Otsuka. 2004. “ The Role of Agriculture in China’s Development.” Accessed August 1, 2017. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265024169_The_Role_of_Agriculture_in_China%27s_Development.
  • Hung, H. 2016. The China Boom: Why China Will not Rule the World. New York: Columbia University Press.
  • IAMR (Institute of Applied Manpower Research). 2001. Manpower Profile of India Yearbook 2001. New Delhi: Gyan Publishing House.
  • Immerwahr, D. 2015. Thinking Small: the United States and the Lure of Community Development. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
  • Inamdar, N. R. 1962. Report of the Survey of the Administration of the Community Development Block Haveli. Poona: University of Poona Press.
  • INC [Indian National Congress]. 1959. “Agrarian Organisational Pattern.” In Cooperative Farming: The Great Debate Between Jawaharlal Nehru, C Rajagopalachari, Jayprakash Narayan, K.M. Munshi, M.R. Masani, N.G. Ranga, Shirman Narayan, Frank Moraes, and Others, edited by Democratic Research Service, 3–4. Bombay: Democratic Research Service.
  • Indiastat Database. 2017. Accessed August 1, 2017. Indiastat.com.
  • Jayaraman, T. K. 1979. “People’s Participation in Command Area Development Programme.” In People’s Participation in Development Process: Essays in Honour of B. Mehta, edited by Ramesh K. Arora, 43–54. Jaipur: The HCM State Institute of Public Administration.
  • Jia, Q., B. Zhichun, and Y. Sifu. 2000. “Qianxi jianchi nongcun laodong jilei gong zhidu de zhongyaxing he biyaoxing.” Zhongguo Nongcun Shuili Dianli 5: 4–6.
  • Johnson, K. A. 1983. Women, the Family, and Peasant Revolution in China. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Kale, S. S. 2014. Electrifying India: Regional Political Economies of Development. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
  • Karshenas, M. 1993. “Intersectoral Resource Flows and Development: Lessons of Past Experience.” In Economic Crisis and Third World Agriculture, edited by Ajit Singh, and Hamid Tabatabai, 179–238. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Karshenas, M. 2004. “‘Urban Bias’, Intersectoral Resource Flows and the Macroeconomic Implications of Agrarian Relations: The Historical Experience of Japan and Taiwan.” Journal of Agrarian Change 4 (1–2): 170–189. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0366.2004.00077.x
  • Kay, C. 2002. “Why East Asia Overtook Latin America: Agrarian Reform, Industrialization, and Development.” Third World Quarterly 23 (6): 1073–1102. doi: 10.1080/0143659022000036649
  • Khan, A. R. 1984. “The Responsibility System and Institutional Change.” In Institutional Reform and Economic Development in the Chinese Countryside, edited by Keith Griffin, 76–131. London: The MacMillan Press.
  • Kohli, A. 2004. State-directed Development: Political Power and Industrialization in the Global Periphery. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Kong, X., and A. He. 2009. “Xin Zhongguo Chengli 60 Nianlai Nongming dui Guojia Jianshe de Gongxian Fenxi.” Jiaoxue yu Yanjiu 9: 5–13.
  • Kueh, Y. Y. 1995. Agricultural Instability in China, 1931–1990: Weather, Technology, and Institutions. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Kueh, Y. Y. 2008. China’s new Industrialization Strategy: Was Chairman Mao Really Necessary? Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
  • Lao, T. 2006. “Xin Zhongguo jingji shilun zhiwu: Renmin gongshe you shenme yong?” Accessed February 9, 2013. http://www.snzg.cn/article/2006/1103/article_813.html.
  • Lao, T. 2008. “Nongcun zhengli gongcheng” yu “Du Runsheng-Lin Yifu jiashe.” Rural China 5 (1): 57–74. doi: 10.1163/22136746-00501003
  • Lei, X. 1984. Woguo de shuili jianshe. Beijing: Nongye Chubanshe.
  • Li, Q. 1992. “Dui woguo nongmin fudan zhuangkuang de fenxi.” Zhongguo Nongcun Jingji 8: 47–51.
  • Li, H. 2009. Village China Under Socialism and Reform: a Micro History, 1948–2008. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
  • Li, H. 2017. “Tudi gaige yu Mao Zedong shidai de xiangcun shehui zhengzhi shenghuo.” Kaifang Shidai 1: 16–20.
  • Li, L., and M. Li. 2010. “Renli ziben, jingji qiji yu Zhongguo moshi.” Dangdai Zhongguo Shi Yanjiu 17 (1): 63–71.
  • Lin, J. Y. 1988. “The Household Responsibility System in China’s Agricultural Reform: a Theoretical and Empirical Study.” Economic Development and Cultural Change 36 (3): S199–S224. doi: 10.1086/edcc.36.s3.1566543
  • Lin, J. Y. 1992. “Rural Reforms and Agricultural Growth in China.” American Economic Review 82 (1): 34–51.
  • Lin, J., and Y. Zhang. 2006. “Educational Expansion and Shortages in Secondary Schools in China: the Bottle Neck Syndrome.” Journal of Contemporary China 15 (47): 255–274. doi: 10.1080/10670560500534889
  • Lu, A. 1992. “Household and collective in Chinese and Soviet agriculture.” Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Sociology, SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, NY.
  • Lu, A. 1998. “Women in Chinese Economic Development.” In Sociology in East Asia and its Struggle for Creativity: Proceedings of the ISA Regional Conference for Eastern Asia, Seoul, Korea, edited by Su-Hoon Lee, 91–99. Seoul: International Sociological Association.
  • Luo, P. 2008. Piaozheng Niandai: Tonggou Tongxiao shi. Fuzhou: Fujian Renmin Chubanshe.
  • Mallick, R. 1993. Development Policy of a Communist Government: West Bengal Since 1977. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Mao, Z. 1977. Selected Works of Mao Tse-Tung. Vol. 5. Oxford and New York: Pergamon Press.
  • Mao, Z. 1980. Mao Zedong and the Political Economy of the Border Region: a Translation of Mao's Economic and Financial Problems. Translated by Andrew Watson. Cambridge & New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Mishra, D. K. 2016. “Introduction: Internal Migration in Contemporary India: an Overview of Issues and Concerns.” In Internal Migration in Contemporary India, edited by D. K. Mishra, 1–25. New Delhi: Sage.
  • Mitra, A. 1977. Terms of Trade and Class Relations. London: Frank Cass.
  • Nagaraj, R. 1991. “Increase in India’s Growth Rate.” Economic and Political Weekly 26 (15): 1002–1004.
  • Nagaraj, R. 2006. “Public Sector Performance Since 1950: A Fresh Look.” Economic and Political Weekly 41 (25): 2551–2557.
  • National Bureau of Statistics of China. 2001. China Statistical Yearbook 2001. Beijing: National Bureau of Statistics.
  • National Bureau of Statistics of China. 2006. China Statistical Yearbook 2006. Beijing: National Bureau of Statistics.
  • Nayyar, D. 2008. “China, India, Brazil, and South Africa in the world economy: engines of growth?” UNU-WIDER Discussion Paper, No. 2008/5. Helsinki: UNU-WIDER.
  • Nehru, J. 1958. Jawaharlal Nehru’s Speeches, Volume 3: March 1953-August 1957. New Delhi: GOI, Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting.
  • Nehru, J. 1988. Letters to Chief Ministers, 1947–1964, Volume 4: 1954–1957. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Nickum, J. E. 1978. “Labour Accumulation in Rural China and its Role Since the Cultural Revolution.” Cambridge Journal of Economics 2 (3): 273–286.
  • Nickum, J. E. 1990. “Volatile Waters: is China’s Irrigation in Decline?” In Agricultural Reform and Development in China: Achievement, Current Status, and Future Outlook, edited by T. C. Tso, 284–296. Beltsville, MD: IDEALS.
  • Nickum, J. E. 2003. “Irrigated Area Figures as Bureaucratic Construction of Knowledge: the Case of China.” International Journal of Water Resources Development 19 (2): 249–262. doi: 10.1080/0790062032000089347
  • Nolan, P. 1988. The Political Economy of Collective Farms: an Analysis of Post-Mao Rural Reforms. Boulder: Westview Press.
  • Nurkse, R. [1952] 1967. Problems of Capital Formation in Underdeveloped Countries (and Patterns of Trade and Development). New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Oommen, T. K. 1972. Charisma, Stability and Change: an Analysis of Bhoodan-Gramdan Movement in India. New Delhi: Thomson Press.
  • Pan, J, W. Peng, L. Wan, M. Li, X. Wu, H. Zeriffi, B. Elias, and D. Victor. 2006. Rural Electrification in China 1950–2004: Historical Processes and key Driving Forces. Program on Energy and Sustainable Development Working Paper No. 60. Stanford: Stanford University.
  • Patnaik, U. 1986. “The Agrarian Question and the Development of Capitalism in India.” Economic and Political Weekly 21 (18): 781–793.
  • Patnaik, U. 1995. “The Economic Ideas of Mao Zedong on Agricultural Transformation and its Relation to Capital Formation and Industrialisation.” China Report 31 (1): 87–100. doi: 10.1177/000944559503100105
  • Patnaik, U. 1998. “Alternative Strategies of Agrarian Change in Relation to Resources for Development in India and China.” In Economics as Ideology and Experience: Essays in Honour of Ashok Mitra, edited by Deepak Nayyar, 223–259. London: Frank Cass.
  • Patnaik, U., and S. Natrajan. 2000. “Output and Employment in Rural China: Some Post-reform Problems.” Economic and Political Weekly 35 (38): 3420–3427.
  • Perkins, D. H., and S. Yusuf. 1984. Rural Development in China. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
  • Popov, V. 2014. Mixed Fortunes: an Economic History of China, Russia, and the West. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Potter, S. H., and J. M. Potter. 1990. China’s Peasants: the Anthropology of a Revolution. Cambridge & New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Putterman, L. 1989. “Entering the Post-Collective era in North China: Dahe Township.” Modern China 15 (3): 275–320.
  • Qin, H. 2005. “China’s Economic Development Performance Under the Prereform System.” The Chinese Economy 38 (4): 61–85. doi: 10.1080/10971475.2005.11033530
  • Raj, K. N. 1973. “The Politics and Economics of ‘Intermediate Regimes’.” Economic and Political Weekly 8 (27): 1189+1191–1198.
  • Raj, K. N. 1983. “Agricultural Growth in China and India: Role of Price and non-Price Factors.” Economic and Political Weekly 18 (3): 69–75.
  • Rao, J. M. 2002. “Levelling or Differentiation? Production and Appropriation Relations in Mughal India.” In The Making of History: Essays Presented to Irfan Habib, edited by K. N. Panikkar, T. J. Byres, and Utsa Patnaik, 141–178. London: Anthem Press.
  • Rawski, T. G. 1979. Economic Growth and Employment in China. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Raychaudhuri, T. 1983. “The mid-18th Century Background.” In The Cambridge Economic History of India, Volume 2: c. 1751-c. 1970, edited by Dharma Kumar, and Meghnad Desai, 1–35. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Renmin Ribao. 1989. “ Baochi nongtian shuili jianshe hao shitou: Fang shuilibu buzhang yang zhenhuai.” 30 December.
  • Renmin Ribao. 2001. “Guojia dui nongmin chugong you he guiding?”, April 29.
  • Riskin, C. 1979. “Intermediate Technology in China’s Rural Industries.” In Appropriate Technologies for Third World Development: Proceedings of a Conference Held by the International Economic Association at Teheran, Iran, edited by Austin Robinson, 52–74. New York: St. Martin’s Press.
  • Rowe, W. T. 2009. China’s Last Empire: The Great Qing. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
  • Saith, A. 1996. “Chinese Rural Industrialization: Policy Perspectives and Emerging Problems.” In Rural Industrialization in Post-Reform China: Issues and Policy Perspectives, edited by G. K. Chadha, and A. Saith, 29–59. New Delhi: ILO.
  • Saith, A. 2000. Rural Industrialisation in India: Some Policy Perspectives. New Delhi: ILO.
  • Saith, A. 2008. “China and India: the Institutional Roots of Differential Performance.” Development and Change 39: 5–730.
  • Saith, A. 2012. “Guaranteeing Rural Employment-Tales From two Countries: Right to Employment in Neoliberal India and Labour Accumulation in Collectivist China.” In The Political Economy of Transition in India and China, edited by Amiya Kumar Bagchi, and Anthony P. D’Costa, 39–69. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.
  • Sakthivel, S., and P. Joddar. 2006. “Unorganised Sector Workforce in India: Trends, Patterns, and Social Security Coverage.” Economic and Political Weekly 41 (21): 2107–2114.
  • Samanta, B. B., and A. K. Suntaram. 1983. Socioeconomic Impact of Rural Electrification in India. Washington, DC: Resources for the Future.
  • Sau, S. 2005. Rural Industrialisation: Reflections on Development Trajectory in India. Kolkata: Firma KLM.
  • Schmalzer, S. 2016. Red Revolution, Green Revolution: Scientific Farming in Socialist China. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
  • Schran, P. 1969. The Development of Chinese Agriculture, 1950–1959. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1976.
  • Schran, P. 1976. Guerrilla Economy: the Development of the Shensi-Kansu-Ninghsia Border Region, 1937–1945. Albany: State University of New York Press.
  • Selden, M. 1993. The Political Economy of Chinese Development. New York: ME Sharpe.
  • Shah, T. 2011. “Past, Present, and Future of Canal Irrigation in India.” In India Infrastructure Report 2011-Water: Policy and Performance for Sustainable Development, edited by Infrastructure Development Finance Company, 69–86. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.
  • Sharma, M. 1978. The Politics of Inequality: Competition and Control in an Indian Village. Honolulu: The University Press of Hawaii.
  • Sharma, V. D. 1979. “Whom to Develop?” In People’s Participation in Development Process: Essays in Honour of B. Mehta, edited by Ramesh K. Arora, 155–160. Jaipur: The HCM State Institute of Public Administration.
  • Singh, C. 1959. Joint Farming x-Rayed: the Problem and its Solution. Bombay: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan.
  • Sinha, S. 2008. “Lineages of the Developmentalist State: Transnationality and Village India, 1900–1965.” Comparative Studies in Society and History 50 (1): 1–90. doi: 10.1017/S0010417508000054
  • Sivasubramonian, S. 2000. The National Income of India in the Twentieth Century. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.
  • SSB [State Statistical Bureau]. 1983. Statistical Yearbook of China 1983. Hong Kong: Economic Information Agency.
  • Stone, B. 1993. “Basic Agricultural Technology Under Reform.” In Economic Trends in Chinese Agriculture: the Impact of Post-Mao Reforms, edited by R. F. Ash, and Y. Y. Kueh, 311–360. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  • The Maddison Project. 2013. Accessed August 1, 2015. http://www.ggdc.net/maddison/maddison-project/data.htm.
  • Thorborg, Marina. 1978. “Chinese Employment Policy in 1949–78 with Special Emphasis on Women in Rural Production.” In Chinese Economy Post-Mao: a Compendium of Papers Submitted to the Joint Economic Committee, Congress of the United States, Volume 1: Policy and Performance, 535–604. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
  • Tiwari, R. K. 1990. Rural Employment Programmes in India: the Implementation Process. New Delhi: Indian Institute of Public Administration.
  • United Nations. 2009. World Population Prospects, the 2008 Revision, Volume I: Comprehensive Tables. New York: United Nations.
  • Vaidyanathan, A. 1985. “Water Control Institutions and Agriculture: a Comparative Perspective.” Indian Economic Review 20 (1): 25–83.
  • Varshney, A. 1995. Democracy, Development, and the Countryside: Urban-Rural Struggles in India. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Vittal, N. 1986. “Intersectoral Terms of Trade in India: a Study of Concept and Method.” Economic and Political Weekly 21 (52): 147–166.
  • Wade, R. 1982. “The System of Administrative and Political Corruption: Canal Irrigation in South India.” The Journal of Development Studies 18 (3): 287–328. doi: 10.1080/00220388208421833
  • Wade, R. 1984. “Irrigation Reform in Conditions of Populist Anarchy: An Indian Case.” Journal of Development Economics 14 (3): 285–303. doi: 10.1016/0304-3878(84)90060-9
  • Wakashiro, N. 1990. “Rural Reform and Agricultural Production in China.” The Developing Economies 28 (4): 482–502. doi: 10.1111/j.1746-1049.1990.tb00194.x
  • Wang, C. 2002. “Minban Education: The Planned Elimination of the “People-Managed” Teachers in Reforming China.” International Journal of Educational Development 22 (2): 109–129. doi: 10.1016/S0738-0593(00)00079-1
  • Wemheuer, F. 2014. Famine Politics in Maoist China and the Soviet Union. New Haven: Yale University Press.
  • Wen, T. 2005. Sannong Wenti yu Shiji Fansi. Beijing: Sanlian Shudian.
  • Wen, T. 2013. Basi weiji: Zhongguo de jushi jingyan, 1949–2009. Beijing: Dongfang Chubanshe.
  • Wen, T., and X. Dong. 2008. “Nongcun Caishui Tizhi yu Gonggong Fuwu Wenti.” Gansu Lilun Xuekan 3: 104–107.
  • Wong, H. L., R. Luo, L. Zhang, and S. Rozelle. 2013. “Providing Quality Infrastructure in Rural Villages: the Case of Rural Roads in China.” Journal of Development Economics 103: 262–274. doi: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2013.03.002
  • World Bank. 1985. China: the Energy Sector. Washington, DC: World Bank.
  • World Bank. 2006. “Gender gaps in China: facts and figures.” Accessed March 1, 2012. http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTEAPREGTOPGENDER/Resources/Gender-Gaps-Figures&Facts.pdf.
  • Xu, Z. 2012. “The Chinese Agriculture Miracle Revisited.” Economic and Political Weekly 47 (14): 51–58.
  • Xu, Z. 2017. “Decollectivization, Collective Legacy, and Uneven Agricultural Development in China.” World Development 98: 290–299. doi: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.04.037
  • Yan, G. 2007. “Dui 1984 Yiqian Shedui Qiye Fazhan de Lishi Kaocha yu Sixiang.” Dangdai Zhongguo Shi Yanjiu 14 (2): 60–69.
  • Zhan, S. 2013. “A second industrious revolution: contemporary rural development in China through the lens of the eighteenth century.” PhD diss., Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore.
  • Zhang, L. 2005. Gaobie Lixiang: Renmin Gongshe Zhidu Yanjiu. Shanghai: Shanghai Renmin Chubanshe.
  • Zhang, L., R. Luo, C. Liu, and S. Rozelle. 2006. “Investing in Rural China: Tracking China’s Commitment to Modernization.” The Chinese Economy 39 (4): 57–84. doi: 10.2753/CES1097-1475390404
  • ZRGGTJ [Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo Guojia Tongjiju]. 1990. Zhongguo Tongji Nianjian 1990. Beijing: Zhongguo Tongji Chubanshe.
  • ZRGGTJ. 1991. Zhongguo Tongji Nianjian 1991. Beijing: Zhongguo Tongji Chubanshe.
  • ZSNBW [Zhongguo Shuili Nianjian Bianji Weiyuanhui]. 1992. Zhongguo Shuili Nianjian 1991. Beijing: Shuili Dianli Chubanshe.
  • Zweig, D. 1989. Agrarian Radicalism in China, 1968–1981. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University.
  • ZXQNJGNBW [Zhongguo Xiangzhen Qiye ji Nongchanpin Jia Gongye Nianjian Bianji Weiyuanhuibian]. 1998. Zhongguo Xiangzhen Qiye Nianjian 1998. Beijing: Nongye Chubanshe.
  • ZXQNJGNBW. 2001. Zhongguo Xiangzhen Qiye Nianjian 2001. Beijing: Nongye Chubanshe.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.