Who will tend the farm? Interrogating the ageing Asian farmer

References

• Adenan, Mohd Arif bin, Darshini Subramaniam, and Shafril Izham bin Mohd Aminudin. 2015. “Policy on Land for Agriculture Projects in Malaysia for the Young Agropreneur through Blue Ocean Strategy.” FFTC Agricultural Policy Platform. http://ap.fftc.agnet.org/ap_db.php?id=445&print=1
   Google Scholar
• Akatiga and B. White. 2015. “Would I Like to Be a Farmer?” Inside Indonesia (120).
   Google Scholar
• Andriesse, E., and A. Phommalath. 2012. “Provincial Poverty Dynamics in Lao PDR: A Case Study of Savannakhet.” Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs 31 (3): 3–27. doi: 10.1177/186810341203100301
   Google Scholar
• Arnold, D., and S. Campbell. 2018. “Capitalist Trajectories in Mekong Southeast Asia.” European Journal of East Asian Studies 17: 181–191. doi: 10.1163/15700615-01702002
   Google Scholar
• Bezemer, D., and P. Hazell. 2006. “The Agricultural Exit Problem: An Empirical Assessment.” Paper prepared for the World Development Report 2008 “agriculture for development”, Rimisp-Latin American Center for Rural Development.
   Google Scholar
• Bunnell, T., J. Gillen, and E. L.-E. Ho. 2018. “The Prospect of Elsewhere: Engaging the Future Through Aspirations in Asia.” Annals of the American Association of Geographers 108 (1): 35–51. doi: 10.1080/24694452.2017.1336424
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dressler, W., J. de Koning, M. Montefrio, and J. Firn. 2016. “Land Sharing Not Sparing in the ‘Green Economy’: The Role of Livelihood Bricolage in Conservation and Development in the Philippines.” Geoforum; Journal of Physical, Human, and Regional Geosciences 76: 75–89.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elauria, Marilyn M. 2015. “Farm Land Policy and Financing Program for the Young Generation in the Philippines.” FFTC Agricultural Policy Platform. http://ap.fftc.agnet.org/ap_db.php?id=448
   Google Scholar
• FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization). 2010. National Gender Profile of Agricultural Households, 2010. Hanoi. http://www.fao.org/3/k8499e/k8499e00.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Farrugia, D. 2016. “The Mobility Imperative for Rural Youth: The Structural, Symbolic and Non-representational Dimensions Rural Youth Mobilities.” Journal of Youth Studies 19 (6): 836–851. doi: 10.1080/13676261.2015.1112886
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Government of Malaysia. 2010. Economic Transformation Programme: A Roadmap for Malaysia. Putrajaya: Performance Management and Delivery Unit, Jabatan Perdana Menteri.
   Google Scholar
• Gullifer, J., and A. P. Thompson. 2006. “Subjective Realities of Older Male Farmers: Self-perceptions of Ageing and Work.” Rural Society 16 (1): 80–97. doi: 10.5172/rsj.351.16.1.80
   Google Scholar
• Guo, G., Q. Wen, and J. Zhu. 2015. “The Impact of Aging Agricultural Labor Population on Farmland Output: From the Perspective of Farmer Preferences.” Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015: 1–7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamilton, W., G. Bosworth, and E. Ruto. 2015. “Entrepreneurial Younger Farmers and the ‘Young Farmer Problem’ in England.” Poljoprivreda i Sumarstvo 61 (4): 61–69.
   Google Scholar
• HelpAge. 2014. The Ageing of Rural Populations: Evidence on Older Farmers in Low and Middle-income Countries. London: HelpAge International.
   Google Scholar
• Huang, Y. 2012. “From the ‘Feminization of Agriculture’ to the ‘Ageing of Farming Populations’: Demographic Transition and Farming in a Central Chinese Village.” Local Economy: The Journal of the Local Economy Policy Unit 27 (1): 19–32. doi: 10.1177/0269094211424253
   Google Scholar
• Huijsmans, R. 2014. “Becoming a Young Migrant or Stayer Seen Through the Lens of ‘Householding’: Households ‘in Flux’ and the Intersection of Relations of Gender and Seniority.” Geoforum; Journal of Physical, Human, and Regional Geosciences 51: 294–304.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hutanuwatr, K., W. Charoentrakulpeeti, and S. Wungaeo. 2017. “The Thai Senior Generations Under Transition: Increasing Urbanization and Environmental Uncertainty in an Industrial Peri-Urban District and an Emerging Touristic Town.” 13th International Conference on Thai studies. Globalized Thailand? Connectivity, conflict and conundrums of Thai studies, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
   Google Scholar
• IBRD. 1959. A Public Development Program for Thailand. Baltimore: John Hopkins Press for IBRD.
   Google Scholar
• Jacka, Tamara. 2017. “Translocal Family Reproduction and Agrarian Change in China: A New Analytical Framework.” The Journal of Peasant Studies 1–19. doi:10.1080/03066150.2017.1314267.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kun-Fong Kuo. 2014. “One-Stop Service for Young Farmers in Taiwan.” FFTC Agricultural Policy Platform. http://ap.fftc.agnet.org/ap_db.php?id=328
   Google Scholar
• Li, M. T. 2009. “Exit from Agriculture: A Step Forward or a Step Backward for the Rural Poor?” The Journal of Peasant Studies 36 (3): 629–636. doi: 10.1080/03066150903142998
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, M., and T. Sicular. 2013. “Aging of the Labor Force and Technical Efficiency in Crop Production: Evidence from Liaoning Province, China.” China Agricultural Economic Review 5 (3): 342–359. doi: 10.1108/CAER-01-2012-0001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma, Sang-jin. 2014. “How to Encourage Young Generation to Engage in Farming: Korea's Case.” FFTC Agricultural Policy Platform. http://ap.fftc.agnet.org/ap_db.php?id=324&print=1
   Google Scholar
• MAP. 2016. Cambodia agriculture dashboard 2016, Making Access Possible (MAP) Programme, United Nations Capital Development Fund (UNCDF), Bangkok: SHIFT Programme in ASEAN. http://www.finmark.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/finscope-cambodia-agriculture.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Martin, S., K. Lorenzen, and N. Bunnefeld. 2013. “Fishing Farmers: Fishing, Livelihood Diversification and Poverty in Rural Laos.” Human Ecology 41 (5): 737–747. doi: 10.1007/s10745-013-9567-y
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masina, P. P., and M. Cerimele. 2018. “Patterns of Industrialisation and the State of Industrial Labour in Post-WTO-Accession Vietnam.” European Journal of East Asian Studies 17: 289–323. doi: 10.1163/15700615-01700200
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Agriculture. 2014. Minister of Agriculture Strategy, 2015–2019. http://www.agriculture.gov.lb/Arabic/NewsEvents/Documents/MoA%20Strategy%202015-19%20-%20English-for%20printing.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Mitchell, J., D. Bradley, J. Wilson, and R. T. Goins. 2008. “The Aging Farm Population and Rural Aging Research.” Journal of Agromedicine 13 (2): 95–109. doi: 10.1080/10599240802125383
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ngah, I., K. H. Kamarudin, and H. Saad. 2016. “Rural Transformation and Rural-urban Linkages: The Case of Kampung Peruas, Malaysia.” Proceeding of the 13th Asian Urbanization Conference: ‘rapid urbanisation and sustainable development in Asia’, UGM Yokyakarta, Indonesia.
   Google Scholar
• Ngah, I., and K. H. Kamarudinm. forthcoming. “Malaysia: The State of/in Village Agriculture.” In Smallholders in Asia: Transformation and Persistence, edited by E. C. Thompson, J. Rigg and J. Gillen. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Nguyen, M. T. N., and C. Locke. 2014. “Rural-urban Migration in Vietnam and China: Gendered Householding, Production of Space and the State.” The Journal of Peasant Studies 41 (5): 855–876. doi: 10.1080/03066150.2014.925884
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nguyen, T. A., J. Rigg, L. T. T. Huong, and D. T. Dieu. 2012. “Becoming and Being Urban in Hanoi: Rural-urban Migration and Relations in Viet Nam.” The Journal of Peasant Studies 39 (5): 1103–1131. doi: 10.1080/03066150.2011.652618
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nunlist, Tom. 2017. “Down on the farm: agriculture in China today.” CKGSB Knowledge. http://knowledge.ckgsb.edu.cn/2017/02/06/agriculture/china-agriculture-today/
   Google Scholar
• O’Callaghan, Z. O. E., and J. Warburton. 2017. “No One to Fill My Shoes: Narrative Practices of Three Ageing Australian Male Farmers.” Ageing and Society 37 (3): 441–461. doi: 10.1017/S0144686X1500118X
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poapongsakorn, N. 2017. “Transformation of the Thai Agriculture in the Last Three Decades.” Agriculture and rural transformation in Asia: Past Experiences and future opportunities (A regional conference organized by RESAKSS-Asia, RESAKSS-Asia, IFPRI,TDRI and TVSEP), Leibniz University Hannover, Bangkok.
   Google Scholar
• Preston, D., and I. Ngah. 2012. “Interpreting Rural Change in Malaysia.” Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography 33 (3): 351–364. doi: 10.1111/sjtg.12002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reed, D. B. 2008. “America’s Aging Farmers: Tenacious, Productive, and Underresearched.” Journal of Agromedicine 13 (2): 69–70. doi: 10.1080/10599240802293942
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rerkasem, B. 2016. Thai Rice: A Crop That Shapes the Lives and Land of a People, Feeds the World, and Has in Turn Been Moulded by Them. Chiang Mai: Chiang Mai University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Rigg, J. 2001. More Than the Soil: Rural Change in Southeast Asia. Harlow: Prentice Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Rigg, J. 2006. “Land, Farming, Livelihoods and Poverty: Rethinking the Links in the Rural South.” World Development 34 (1): 180–202. doi: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2005.07.015
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rigg, J., A. Salamanca, and M. J. G. Parnwell. 2012. “Joining the Dots of Agrarian Change in Asia: A 25 Year View from Thailand.” World Development 40 (7): 1469–1481. doi: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2012.03.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rigg, J., A. Salamanca, M. Phongsiri, and M. Sripun. 2018. “More Farmers, Less Farming? Understanding the Truncated Agrarian Transition in Thailand.” World Development 107: 327–337. doi: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.03.008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rigg, J., A. Salamanca, and E. C. Thompson. 2016. “The Puzzle of East and Southeast Asia’s Persistent Smallholder.” Journal of Rural Studies 43: 118–133. doi: 10.1016/j.jrurstud.2015.11.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rigg, J., and P. Vandergeest, eds. 2012. Revisiting Rural Places: Pathways to Poverty and Prosperity in Southeast Asia. Singapore: National University of Singapore Press and Honolulu, Hawaii University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Rogers, M., N. Barr, Z. O’Callaghan, S. Brumby, and J. Warburton. 2013. “Healthy Ageing: Farming Into the Twilight.” Rural Society 22 (3): 251–262. doi: 10.5172/rsj.2013.22.3.251
   Google Scholar
• Rosenfield, A. G., C. Hemachudha, W. Asavasena, and S. Varakamin. 1971. “Thailand: Family Planning Activities 1968 to 1970.” Studies in Family Planning 2 (9): 181–192. doi: 10.2307/1964903
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Subpawanthanakun, Kritsada. 2016. “Rice Farming is in Need of a Total Overhaul.” Bangkok Post, November 30. https://www.bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/1147841/rice-farming-is-in-need-of-a-total-overhaul.
   Google Scholar
• Sunam, R. K., and J. F. McCarthy. 2016. “Reconsidering the Links between Poverty, International Labour Migration, and Agrarian Change: Critical Insights from Nepal.” The Journal of Peasant Studies 43 (1): 39–63. doi: 10.1080/03066150.2015.1041520
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suphannachart, W. 2017. “What Drives Labour Productivity in the Ageing Agriculture of Thailand?” Advances in Management and Applied Economics 7 (1): 89–105.
   Google Scholar
• Tram, L. T. Q., and M. McPherson. 2016. The Ageing and Feminization of the Agricultural Labor Force in the Lower Mekong Basin. Policy Brief. Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam: Lower Mekong Public Policy Initiative.
   Google Scholar
• Tubtim, T. 2012. “Migration to the Countryside: Class Encounters in Per-urban Chiang Mai, Thailand.” Critical Asian Studies 44 (1): 113–130. doi: 10.1080/14672715.2012.644890
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uchiyama, T. 2014. “Recent Trends in Young People’s Entry Into Farming in Japan: An International Perspective.” Submitted as a resource paper for the FFTC-RDA International Seminar on Enhanced entry of young generation into farming, October 20–24, Jeonju, Korea. Taipei, ROC, Food and Fertilizer Technology Center for the Asian and Pacific Region.
   Google Scholar
• White, B. 2012. “Agriculture and the Generation Problem: Rural Youth, Employment and the Future of Farming.” IDS Bulletin 43 (6): 9–19. doi: 10.1111/j.1759-5436.2012.00375.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White, B. 2015. “Generational Dynamics in Agriculture: Reflections on Rural Youth and Farming Futures.” Cahiers Agricultures 24 (6): 330–334. doi: 10.1684/agr.2015.0787
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Bank. 2007. World Development Report 2008: Agriculture for Development. Washington, DC: The World Bank.
   Google Scholar
• Ye, J. C., C. He, J. Liu, W. Wang, and S. Chen. 2017. “Left-behind Elderly: Shouldering a Disproportionate Share of Production and Reproduction in Supporting China’s Industrial Development.” The Journal of Peasant Studies 44 (5): 971–999. doi:10.1080/03066150.2016.1186651.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ye, J., C. Wang, H. Wu, C. He, and J. Liu. 2013. “Internal Migration and Left-behind Populations in China.” The Journal of Peasant Studies 40 (6): 1119–1146. doi: 10.1080/03066150.2013.861421
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yudelman, M., and L. J. M. Kealy. 2000. “The Graying of Farmers.” Population Today 28 (4): 6.
   Google Scholar
• Yusuf, S., and K. Nabeshima. 2009. Tiger Economies Under Threat: A Comparative Analysis of Malaysia’s Industrial Prospects and Policy Options. Washington, DC: World Bank.
   Google Scholar
• Zagata, L., S. Hádková, and M. Mikovcová. 2015. “Basic Outline of the Problem of the ‘Ageing Population of Farmers’ in the Czech Republic.” AGRIS On-Line Papers in Economics and Informatics 7 (1): 89–96. doi: 10.7160/aol.2015.070110
   Google Scholar
• Zagata, L., and L.-A. Sutherland. 2015. “Deconstructing the ‘Young Farmer Problem in Europe’: Towards a Research Agenda.” Journal of Rural Studies 38: 39–51. doi: 10.1016/j.jrurstud.2015.01.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar