7,738
Views
6
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Forum on Climate Change and Critical Agrarian Studies

Climate refugees or labour migrants? climate reductive translations of women’s migration from coastal Bangladesh

ORCID Icon

References

  • Adnan, Shapan. 2013. “Land Grabs and Primitive Accumulation in Deltaic Bangladesh: Interactions Between Neoliberal Globalization, State Interventions, Power Relations and Peasant Resistance.” The Journal of Peasant Studies 40 (1): 87–128. doi:10.1080/03066150.2012.753058
  • Adri, Neelopal, and David Simon. 2018. “A Tale of Two Groups: Focusing on the Differential Vulnerability of “Climate-Induced” and “Non-Climate-Induced” Migrants in Dhaka City.” Climate and Development 10 (4): 321–336. doi:10.1080/17565529.2017.1291402.
  • Afsar, Rita. 2003. Internal Migration and the Development Nexus: The Case of Bangladesh. Dhaka: Refugee and Migratory Movements Research Unit and UK Department for International Development.
  • Ahsan, Reazul. 2019. “Climate-Induced Migration: Impacts on Social Structures and Justice in Bangladesh.” South Asia Research 39 (2): 184–201. doi:10.1177/0262728019842968.
  • Amrith, Sunil S. 2014. “Currents of Global Migration.” Development and Change 45 (5): 1134–1154. doi:10.1111/dech.12109
  • Amrith, Sunil S. 2018. “Risk and the South Asian Monsoon.” Climatic Change 151 (1): 17–28. doi:10.1007/s10584-016-1629-x.
  • Arora-Jonsson, Seema. 2011. “Virtue and Vulnerability: Discourses on Women, Gender and Climate Change.” Global Environmental Change 21 (2): 744–751. doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2011.01.005.
  • Auerbach, L. W., S. L. Goodbred Jr, D. R. Mondal, C. A. Wilson, K. R. Ahmed, K. Roy, M. S. Steckler, C. Small, J. M. Gilligan, and B. A. Ackerly. 2015. “Flood Risk of Natural and Embanked Landscapes on the Ganges–Brahmaputra Tidal Delta Plain.” Nature Climate Change 5 (2): 153–157. doi:10.1038/nclimate2472.
  • Bakare-Yusuf, Bibi. 2013. “Thinking with Pleasure: Danger, Sexuality and Agency.” In Women, Sexuality and the Political Power of Pleasure. Feminisms and Development, edited by Susie Jolly, Andrea Cornwall, and Kate Hawkins, 28–41. London: Zed Books.
  • Banerjee, Nirmala. 1990. “Working Women in Colonial Bengal: Modernization and Marginalization.” In Recasting Women: Essays in Indian Colonial History, edited by Kumkum Sangari and Sudesh Vaid, 269–301. New Jersey: Rutgers University Press.
  • Banerjee, Subhabrata Bobby, and Laurel Jackson. 2017. “Microfinance and the Business of Poverty Reduction: Critical Perspectives from Rural Bangladesh.” Human Relations 70 (1): 63–91. doi:10.1177/0018726716640865.
  • Barnes, Jessica, and Michael Dove. 2015. Climate Cultures: Anthropological Perspectives on Climate Change. Yale Agrarian Studies Series. New Haven: Yale University Press.
  • Basu, Subho. 2008. “The Paradox of Peasant Worker: Re-Conceptualizing Workers’ Politics in Bengal 1890-1939.” Modern Asian Studies 42 (1): 47–74. doi:10.1017/S0026749X0700279X.
  • Bernzen, Amelie, J. Jenkins, and Boris Braun. 2019. “Climate Change-Induced Migration in Coastal Bangladesh? A Critical Assessment of Migration Drivers in Rural Households Under Economic and Environmental Stress.” Geosciences 9 (1): 51. doi:10.3390/geosciences9010051.
  • Borras Jr., Saturnino M., Ian Scoones, Amita Baviskar, Marc Edelman, Nancy Lee Peluso, and Wendy Wolford. 2022. “Climate Change and Agrarian Struggles: An Invitation to Contribute to a JPS Forum.” The Journal of Peasant Studies 49 (1): 1–28. doi:10.1080/03066150.2021.1956473.
  • Brammer, Hugh. 2012. The Physical Geography of Bangladesh. Dhaka: The University Press.
  • Cannon, Terry. 2009. “Gender and Climate Hazards in Bangladesh.” In Climate Change and Gender Justice. Working in Gender & Development, edited by Geraldine Terry, 54–70. Oxford, UK: Practical Action; Oxfam.
  • Chatterjee, Partha. 1982. “Agrarian Structure in Pre-Partition Bengal.” In Three Studies on the Agrarian Structure in Bengal 1850-1947, edited by Asok Sen, Partha Chatterjee, and Saugata Mukherji, 113–224. Calcutta: Centre for Studies in Social Sciences.
  • Chattopadhyay, Dilip Kumar. 1990. Dynamics of Social Change in Bengal, 1817-1851. Calcutta: Punthi Pustak.
  • Chaturvedi, Sanjay, and Timothy Doyle. 2010. “Geopolitics of Fear and the Emergence of ‘Climate Refugees’: Imaginative Geographies of Climate Change and Displacements in Bangladesh.” Journal of the Indian Ocean Region 6 (2): 206–222. doi:10.1080/19480881.2010.536665.
  • Collectif Argos. 2010. Climate Refugees. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Cons, Jason. 2018. “Staging Climate Security: Resilience and Heterodystopia in the Bangladesh Borderlands.” Cultural Anthropology 33 (2): 266–294. doi:10.14506/ca33.2.08.
  • Cuomo, Chris J. 2011. “Climate Change, Vulnerability, and Responsibility.” Hypatia 26 (4): 690–714. doi:10.1111/j.1527-2001.2011.01220.x
  • Curjel, Dagmar F. 1923. Women’s Labour in Bengal Industries. Bulletins of Indian Industries and Labour 31. Calcutta: Superintendent Government Printing.
  • Deb, Apurba Krishna. 1998. “Fake Blue Revolution: Environmental and Socio-Economic Impacts of Shrimp Culture in the Coastal Areas of Bangladesh.” Ocean & Coastal Management 41 (1): 63–88. doi:10.1016/S0964-5691(98)00074-X
  • Dewan, Camelia. 2020. “‘Climate Change as a Spice’: Brokering Environmental Knowledge in Bangladesh’s Development Industry.” Ethnos: Journal of Anthropology 87 (3): 538–559. doi:10.1080/00141844.2020.1788109.
  • Dewan, Camelia. 2021a. “Embanking the Sundarbans: The Obfuscating Discourse of Climate Change.” In The Anthroposcene of Weather and Climate: Ethnographic Contributions to the Climate Change Debate, edited by Paul Sillitoe, 294–321. Oxford: Berghahn Books.
  • Dewan, Camelia. 2021b. Misreading the Bengal Delta: Climate Change, Development, and Livelihoods in Coastal Bangladesh. Culture, Place, and Nature. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
  • Dewan, Camelia, Aditi Mukherji, and Marie-Charlotte Buisson. 2015. “Evolution of Water Management in Coastal Bangladesh: From Temporary Earthen Embankments to Depoliticized Community-Managed Polders.” Water International 40 (3): 401–416. doi:10.1080/02508060.2015.1025196
  • Engels, Dagmar. 1996. Beyond Purdah? Women in Bengal 1890-1939. SOAS Studies on South Asia. Delhi: Oxford University Press.
  • Eriksen, Siri H., Andrea J. Nightingale, and Hallie Eakin. 2015. “Reframing Adaptation: The Political Nature of Climate Change Adaptation.” Global Environmental Change 35 (November): 523–533. doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2015.09.014.
  • Etzold, Benjamin, and Bishawjit Mallick. 2016. “Moving Beyond the Focus on Environmental Migration Towards Recognizing the Normality of Translocal Lives: Insights from Bangladesh.” In Migration, Risk Management and Climate Change: Evidence and Policy Responses. Global Migration Issues, edited by Andrea Milan, Benjamin Schraven, Koko Warner, and Noemi Cascosne, 105–128. Cham: Springer International Publishing.
  • Evertsen, Kathinka Fossum, and Kees van der Geest. 2019. “Gender, Environment and Migration in Bangladesh.” Climate and Development 0 (0): 1–11. doi:10.1080/17565529.2019.1596059.
  • Fairbairn, Madeleine, Jonathan Fox, S. Ryan Isakson, Michael Levien, Nancy Peluso, Shahra Razavi, Ian Scoones, and K. Sivaramakrishnan. 2014. “Introduction: New Directions in Agrarian Political Economy.” The Journal of Peasant Studies 41 (5): 653–666. doi:10.1080/03066150.2014.953490.
  • Fairhead, James, and Melissa Leach. 1996. Misreading the African Landscape: Society and Ecology in a Forest-Savanna Mosaic. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Faraizi, Aminul Haque. 1993. Bangladesh: Peasant Migration and the World Capitalist Economy. South Asian Publications Series, Asian Studies Association of Australia, no. 8. New Delhi: Sterling.
  • Farbotko, Carol, and Heather Lazrus. 2012. “The First Climate Refugees? Contesting Global Narratives of Climate Change in Tuvalu.” Global Environmental Change 22 (2): 382–390. doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2011.11.014
  • Feldman, Shelley, and Charles Geisler. 2012. “Land Expropriation and Displacement in Bangladesh.” The Journal of Peasant Studies 39 (3–4): 971–993. doi:10.1080/03066150.2012.661719
  • Gardner, Katy. 1995. Global Migrants, Local Lives: Travel and Transformation in Rural Bangladesh. Oxford Studies in Social and Cultural Anthropology. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  • Gardner, Katy, and David Lewis. 2015. Anthropology and Development: Challenges for the Twenty-First Century. London: Pluto Press.
  • Gidwani, Vinay, and Priti Ramamurthy. 2018. “Agrarian Questions of Labor in Urban India: Middle Migrants, Translocal Householding and the Intersectional Politics of Social Reproduction.” The Journal of Peasant Studies 45 (5–6): 994–1017. doi:10.1080/03066150.2018.1503172.
  • Government of Bangladesh. 1976. Deadlock on the Ganges. Dhaka: Ministry of Water, Government of Bangladesh.
  • Greeley, Martin. 1987. Postharvest Losses, Technology, and Employment: The Case of Rice in Bangladesh. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
  • Guhathakurta, Meghna. 2003. “Globalisation, Class and Gender Relations: The Shrimp Industry in Southwestern Bangladesh.” In Globalisation, Environmental Crisis, and Social Change in Bangladesh, edited by Matiur Rahman, 295–308. Dhaka: The University Press.
  • Hulme, Mike. 2011. “Reducing the Future to Climate: A Story of Climate Determinism and Reductionism.” Osiris 26 (1): 245–266. doi:10.1086/661274.
  • International Organization for Migration. 2010. Assessing the Evidence: Environment, Climate Change and Migration in Bangladesh. Dhaka: International Organization for Migration.
  • Iqbal, Iftekhar. 2010. The Bengal Delta: Ecology, State and Social Change, 1840-1943. Cambridge Imperial and Post-Colonial Studies Series. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Islam, Rafiqul, Susanne Schech, and Udoy Saikia. 2021. “Climate Change Events in the Bengali Migration to the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) in Bangladesh.” Climate and Development 13 (5): 375–385. doi:10.1080/17565529.2020.1780191.
  • Islam, M Rezaul, and M. Shamsuddoha. 2017. “Socioeconomic Consequences of Climate Induced Human Displacement and Migration in Bangladesh.” International Sociology 32 (3): 277–298. doi:10.1177/0268580917693173.
  • Ito, S. 2002. “From Rice to Prawns: Economic Transformation and Agrarian Structure in Rural Bangladesh.” The Journal of Peasant Studies 29 (2): 47–70. doi:10.1080/714003949.
  • Jacka, Tamara. 2017. “Translocal Family Reproduction and Agrarian Change in China: A New Analytical Framework.” The Journal of Peasant Studies 45 (7): 1341–1359. doi:10.1080/03066150.2017.1314267.
  • Jamaly, R., and E. Wickramanayake. 1996. “Women Workers in the Garment Industry in Dhaka, Bangladesh.” Development in Practice 6 (2): 156–161.
  • Jolly, Stellina, and Nafees Ahmad. 2019. “Climate Refugees: The Role of South Asian Judiciaries in Protecting the Climate Refugees.” In Climate Refugees in South Asia: Protection Under International Legal Standards and State Practices in South Asia. International Law and the Global South, edited by Stellina Jolly and Nafees Ahmad, 203–254. Singapore: Springer Singapore. doi:10.1007/978-981-13-3137-4_6.
  • Kabeer, Naila. 1991. “Gender Dimensions of Rural Poverty: Analysis from Bangladesh.” Journal of Peasant Studies 18 (2): 241–262. doi:10.1080/03066159108438451.
  • Kabeer, Naila. 2000. The Power to Choose: Bangladeshi Women and Labour Market Decisions in London and Dhaka. New York: Verso Books.
  • Karim, Lamia. 2011. Microfinance and Its Discontents: Women in Debt in Bangladesh. Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press.
  • Kartiki, Katha. 2011. “Climate Change and Migration: A Case Study from Rural Bangladesh.” Gender & Development 19 (1): 23–38. doi:10.1080/13552074.2011.554017.
  • Kelley, Lisa C., Annie Shattuck, and Kimberley Anh Thomas. 2021. “Cumulative Socionatural Displacements: Reconceptualizing Climate Displacements in a World Already on the Move.” Annals of the American Association of Geographers 0 (0): 1–10. doi:10.1080/24694452.2021.1960144.
  • Kelman, Ilan. 2022. “Pakistan’s Floods Are a Disaster – But They Didn’t Have to Be.” The Conversation (blog), 20 September 2022. http://theconversation.com/pakistans-floods-are-a-disaster-but-they-didnt-have-to-be-190027.
  • Khan, Zahirul H., F. A. Kamal, N. A. A. Khan, S. H. Khan, M. M. Rahman, M. S. A. Khan, A. K. M. S. Islam, and Bharat R. Sharma. 2015. “External Drivers of Change: Scenarios and Future Projections of the Surface Water Resources in the Ganges Coastal Zone of Bangladesh.” In Revitalizing the Ganges Coastal Zone: Turning Science Into Policy and Practices Conference Proceedings, edited by Elizabeth Humphreys, T. P. Tuong, Marie-Charlotte Buisson, I. Pukinskis, and Michael Phillips, 27–38. Colombo: CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food (CPWF).
  • Lahiri-Dutt, K., and G. Samanta. 2004. “Fleeting Land, Fleeting People: Bangladeshi Women in a Charland Environment in Lower Bengal, India.” Asian and Pacific Migration Journal : APMJ 13 (4): 475–495. doi:10.1177/011719680401300404.
  • Latour, Bruno. 2005. Reassembling the Social: An Introduction to Actor-Network-Theory. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Lewis, David. 1993. “Going It Alone: Female-Headed Households, Rights and Resources in Rural Bangladesh.” European Journal of Development Research 5 (2): 23–42. doi:10.1080/09578819308426586.
  • Lewis, David. 2010. “The Strength of Weak Ideas? Human Security, Policy History, and Climate Change in Bangladesh.” Critical Interventions 11: 113–129.
  • Lovatt, Joanna. 2016. “The Bangladesh Shrimp Farmers Facing Life on the Edge.” The Guardian, 17 February 2016, sec. Global Development Professionals Network. http://www.theguardian.com/global-development-professionals-network/2016/feb/17/the-bangladesh-shrimp-farmers-facing-life-on-the-edge.
  • McDonnell, Tim. 2019. “Climate Change Creates a New Migration Crisis for Bangladesh.” National Geographic, 24 January 2019. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/2019/01/climate-change-drives-migration-crisis-in-bangladesh-from-dhaka-sundabans/.
  • Mehta, Rimple. 2018. Women, Mobility and Incarceration: Love and Recasting of Self Across the Bangladesh-India Border. London: Routledge.
  • Momsen, Janet Henshall. 2003. Gender and Development. Routledge Perspectives on Development. London: Routledge.
  • Montu, Rafiqul Islam. 2020. “‘It’s over for Us’: How Extreme Weather Is Emptying Bangladesh’s Villages.” The Guardian, 16 December 2020, sec. Global Development. https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2020/dec/16/how-floods-are-emptying-bangladesh-villages.
  • Mosse, David. 2005. Cultivating Development: An Ethnography of Aid Policy and Practice. London: Pluto Press.
  • Mosse, David, Sanjeev Gupta, Mona Mehta, Vidya Shah, Julia Fnms Rees, and KRIBP Project Team. 2002. “Brokered Livelihoods: Debt, Labour Migration and Development in Tribal Western India.” Journal of Development Studies 38 (5): 59–88. doi:10.1080/00220380412331322511
  • Mosse, David, and David Lewis. 2006. “Theoretical Approaches to Brokerage and Translation in Development.” In Development Brokers and Translators: The Ethnography of Aid and Agencies, edited by David Lewis and David Mosse, 1–26. Bloomfield, CT: Kumarian Press.
  • Nikitas, Stefanos. 2016. “Haunting Photos Show Effects of Climate Change in Bangladesh.” The Huffington Post, 28 January 2016. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/bangladesh-climate-change_us_56aa5cd8e4b0d82286d53900.
  • Ojeda, Diana. 2021. “Social Reproduction, Dispossession, and the Gendered Workings of Agrarian Extractivism in Colombia.” In Agrarian Extractivism in Latin America. Routledge Critical Development Series, edited by Ben M. McKay, Alberto Alonso Fradejas, and Arturo Ezquerro-Cañete, 85–98. New York, NY: Routledge.
  • O’Malley, L. S. S. 1908. “Bengal District Gazetteers: Khulna.” Calcutta. V/27/62/111. India Office Records, British Library.
  • Paprocki, Kasia. 2016. “‘Selling Our Own Skin’: Social Dispossession Through Microcredit in Rural Bangladesh.” Geoforum; Journal of Physical, Human, and Regional Geosciences 74 (August): 29–38. doi:10.1016/j.geoforum.2016.05.008.
  • Paprocki, Kasia. 2018. “Threatening Dystopias: Development and Adaptation Regimes in Bangladesh.” Annals of the American Association of Geographers 108 (4): 955–973. doi:10.1080/24694452.2017.1406330.
  • Paprocki, Kasia. 2019a. “All That Is Solid Melts Into the Bay: Anticipatory Ruination and Climate Change Adaptation.” Antipode 51 (1): 295–315. doi:10.1111/anti.12421
  • Paprocki, Kasia. 2019b. “The Climate Change of Your Desires: Climate Migration and Imaginaries of Urban and Rural Climate Futures.” Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, December, 026377581989260.
  • Paprocki, Kasia, and Jason Cons. 2014. “‘Life in a Shrimp Zone: Aqua- and Other Cultures of Bangladesh’s Coastal Landscape’.” The Journal of Peasant Studies 41 (6): 1109–1130. doi:10.1080/03066150.2014.937709.
  • Poncelet, A., F. Gemenne, M. Martiniello, and H. Bousetta. 2010. “A Country Made for Disasters: Environmental Vulnerability and Forced Migration in Bangladesh.” In Environment, Forced Migration and Social Vulnerability, edited by Tamer Afifi and Jill Jèager, 211–222. Heidelberg: Springer Berlin.
  • Pouliotte, Jennifer, Barry Smit, and Lisa Westerhoff. 2009. “Adaptation and Development: Livelihoods and Climate Change in Subarnabad, Bangladesh.” Climate and Development 1 (1): 31–46. doi:10.3763/cdev.2009.0001.
  • Powdermaker, Hortense. 1966. Stranger and Friend: The Way of an Anthropologist. Nachdr. New York: Norton & Company.
  • Qureshi, Ayaz. 2014. “‘Up-Scaling Expectations among Pakistan’s HIV Bureaucrats: Entrepreneurs of the Self and Job Precariousness Post-Scale-Up’.” Global Public Health 9 (1–2): 73–84. doi:10.1080/17441692.2013.870590.
  • Rahman, Rushidan I., and Rizwanul Islam. 2013. Female Labour Force Participation in Bangladesh: Trends, Drivers and Barriers. ILO Asia-Pacific Working Paper Series. New Delhi: International Labour Organization. http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/—asia/—ro-bangkok/—sro-new_delhi/documents/publication/wcms_250112.pdf.
  • Rahman, Mahbubar, and Willem Van Schendel. 2003. ““I Am Not a Refugee”: Rethinking Partition Migration.” Modern Asian Studies 37 (3): 551–584. doi:10.1017/S0026749X03003020.
  • Rights, Migrant. 2016. “Saudi Lifts Ban on Bangladeshi Workers, While Ignoring Plight of Thousands of Stranded Workers,” 12 August 2016. https://www.migrant-rights.org/2016/08/saudi-lifts-ban-on-bangladeshi-workers-while-ignoring-plight-of-thousands-of-stranded-workers/.
  • Rogaly, Ben, Daniel Coppard, Abdur Safique, Kumar Rana, Amrita Sengupta, and Jhuma Biswas. 2002. “Seasonal Migration and Welfare/Illfare in Eastern India: A Social Analysis.” Journal of Development Studies 38 (5): 89–114. doi:10.1080/00220380412331322521
  • Saha, Sebak Kumar. 2017. “Cyclone Aila, Livelihood Stress, and Migration: Empirical Evidence from Coastal Bangladesh.” Disasters 41 (3): 505–526. doi:10.1111/disa.12214
  • Samaddar, Ranabir. 1999. The Marginal Nation: Transborder Migration from Bangladesh to West Bengal. New Delhi: Sage Publications.
  • Sangari, Kumkum, and Sudesh Vaid. 1990. “Introduction: Recasting Women.” In Recasting Women: Essays in Indian Colonial History, Edited by Kumkum Sangari and Sudesh Vaid. New Jersey: Rutgers University Press.
  • Seeley, J., S. Ryan, M. I. Hossain, and I. A. Khan. 2006. “Just Surviving or Finding Space to Thrive? The Complexity of the Internal Migration of Women in Bangladesh.” In Poverty, Gender and Migration, edited by S. Arya and A. Roy, 171–191. London: SAGE Publications.
  • Sen, Samita. 1999. Women and Labour in Late Colonial India: The Bengal Jute Industry. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Shah, Alpa. 2006. “The Labour of Love: Seasonal Migration from Jharkhand to the Brick Kilns of Other States in India.” Contributions to Indian Sociology 40 (1): 91–118. doi:10.1177/006996670504000104.
  • Siddiqui, Tasneem. 2001. Transcending Boundaries: Labour Migration of Women from Bangladesh. University Press: Dhaka.
  • Silva, Sanjiv de. 2012. “Situation Analysis for Polder 3. [Project Report Prepared by IWMI for the CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food (CPWF) under the Project “Increasing the Resilience of Agricultural and Aquacultural Systems in the Coastal Areas of the Ganges Delta: Project G3 - Water Governance and Community Based Management”].” Report. International Water Management Institute (IWMI). https://cgspace.cgiar.org/handle/10568/41802.
  • Staveren, Martijn F. van, Jeroen F. Warner, and M. Shah Alam Khan. 2017. “Bringing in the Tides. From Closing Down to Opening up Delta Polders via Tidal River Management in the Southwest Delta of Bangladesh.” Water Policy 19 (1): 147–164. doi:10.2166/wp.2016.029.
  • Swain, Ashok. 1996. “The Environmental Trap: The Ganges River Diversion, Bangladeshi Migration and Conflicts in India.” Report, Uppsala University, Department of Peace and Conflict Research, No. 41. Uppsala, Sweden: Dept. of Peace and Conflict Research, Uppsala University.
  • Swapan, Mohammad Shahidul Hasan, and Michael Gavin. 2011. “A Desert in the Delta: Participatory Assessment of Changing Livelihoods Induced by Commercial Shrimp Farming in Southwest Bangladesh.” Ocean & Coastal Management 54 (1): 45–54. doi:10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2010.10.011
  • Toufique, Kazi Ali. 2002. “‘Agricultural and Non-Agricultural Livelihoods in Rural Bangladesh: A Relationship in Flux’.” In Hands Not Land: How Livelihoods Are Changing in Rural Bangladesh, edited by Kazi Ali Toufique and Cathryn Turton, 57–64. Dhaka: Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies.
  • UNDP. 2019. “CBA Bangladesh: Coping with Climate Risks by Empowering Women in Coastal Areas (GBSS) | UNDP Climate Change Adaptation.” https://projects/spa-cba-bangladesh-coping-climate-risks-empowering-women-coastal-areas-gbss.
  • Van Schendel, Willem. 2001. “Working Through Partition: Making a Living in the Bengal Borderlands.” International Review of Social History 46 (03): 393–421. doi:10.1017/S0020859001000256.
  • Werner, Marion. 2016. Global Displacements: The Making of Uneven Development in the Caribbean. Antipode Book Series. West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell.
  • World Bank. 2009. “Poverty and Climate Change: Reducing the Vulnerability of the Poor through Adaptation.” Working Paper 52176. Washington, DC: World Bank. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/534871468155709473/Poverty-and-climate-change-reducing-the-vulnerability-of-the-poor-through-adaptation.
  • Zaman, M. Q. 1993. “Rivers of Life: Living with Floods in Bangladesh.” Asian Survey 33 (10): 985–996. doi:10.2307/2645097.