259
Views
29
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

South Africa's agrarian question: Extreme and exceptional?

Pages 1-52 | Published online: 05 Feb 2008

References

  • Adelzadeh , A. and Padayachee , V. 1994 . ‘The RDP White Paper: Reconstruction of a Development Vision?’ . Transformation , 25
  • ANC . 1994 . The Reconstruction and Development Programme , Johannesburg : Umanyano Publications .
  • Baskin , J. 1991 . Striking Back: A History of COSATU , Johannesburg : Ravan .
  • Beinart , W. 1987 . “ ‘Agrarian Historography and Agrarian Reconstruction’ ” . Edited by: Lonsdale . [1987]
  • Beinart , W. 1994 . Twentieth‐Century South Africa , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
  • Bernstein , H. ‘Agrarian Reform in South Africa: Who? What? How?’ . paper to tenth Ruth First Memorial Colloquium . University of the Western Cape .
  • Bernstein , H. 1994 . “ ‘"And Who Now Plans Its Future?” Land in South Africa after apartheid’ ” . In When History Accelerates. Essays on Rapid Social Change, Complexity and Creativity , Edited by: Hann , CM. London : Athlone .
  • Bernstein , H. 1996 . “ ‘Land and Food in South Africa's Agrarian Question’ ” . Edited by: Levin and Weiner . [1996]
  • Bernstein , H. , Brass , T. and Byres , T.J. 1994 . The Journal of Peasant Studies. A Twenty Volume Index 1973–1993 , London : Frank Cass .
  • Bradford , H. 1988 . A Taste of Freedom. The ICU in Rural South Africa. 1924–1930 , Johannesburg : Ravan .
  • Bradford , H. 1990 . ‘Highways, By‐ways and Cul‐de‐sacs: The Transition to Agrarian Capitalism in Revisionist South African History’ . Radical History Review , 46 ( 7 )
  • Bradford , H. 1993 . “ ‘Getting Away with Murder: “Mealie Kings”, the State and Foreigners in the Eastern Transvaal, c1918–1950’ ” . In Apartheid's Genesis, 1935–962 , Edited by: Bonner , P. , Delius , P. and Posel , D. Johannesburg : Witwatersrand University Press .
  • Brand , S.S. 1969 . “ ‘The Contributions of Agriculture to the Economic Development of South Africa’ ” . University of Pretoria . Ph.D. thesis,
  • Brass , T. 1986 . ‘Unfree Labour and Capitalist Restructuring in the Agrarian Sector: Peru and India’ . Journal of Peasant Studies , 14 ( 1 )
  • Brass , T. 1990 . ‘Class Struggle and the Deproletarianisation of Agricultural Labour in Haryana (India)’ . Journal of Peasant Studies , 18 ( 1 )
  • Brass , T. and Bernstein , H. 1992 . “ ‘Introduction: Proletarianisation and Deproletarianisation on the Colonial Plantation’ ” . In Plantations, Proletarians and Peasants in Colonial Asia Edited by: Daniel , V.E. , Bernstein , H. and Brass , T. special issue of Journal of Peasant Studies, Vol.19, Nos.3 & 4.
  • Bundy , C. 1979 . The Rise and Fall of the South African Peasantry , London : Heinemann .
  • Bundy , C. 1984 . ‘Land and Liberation: The South African National Liberation Movements and the Agrarian Question, 1920s‐1960s’ . Review of African Political Economy , 29
  • Byres , T.J. 1991 . “ ‘The Agrarian Question and Differing Forms of Agrarian Transition: An Essay with Reference to Asia’ ” . In Rural Transformation in Asia , Edited by: Breman , J. and Mundle , S. Delhi : Oxford University Press .
  • Byres , T.J. 1995 . ‘Political Economy, the Agrarian Question and the Comparative Method’ . Journal of Peasant Studies , 22 ( 4 )
  • Byres , T.J. Capitalism from Above and Capitalism from Below. An Essay in Comparative Political Economy , London : Macmillan . (in press),
  • Cousins , B. , ed. 1989 . People, Land and Livestock , Harare : University of Zimbabwe .
  • Cousins , B. , Weiner , D. and Amin , N. 1992 . ‘Social Differentiation in Communal Lands of Zimbabwe’ . Review of African Political Economy , 53
  • Csaki , C. , Dams , Th.J. , Metzger , D. and van Zyl , J. , eds. 1992 . Agricultural Restructuring in Southern Africa , Windhoek : Association of Agricultural Economists in Nambia with International Association of Agricultural Economists .
  • Davies , R.H. 1979 . Capital. State and White Labour in South Africa 1900–1960 , Atlantic Highlands, NJ : Humanities Press .
  • Davies , R. , Kaplan , D. , Morris , M. and O'Meara , D. 1976 . ‘Class Struggle and the Periodisation of the State in South Africa’ . Review of African Political Economy , 7
  • Davies , R. , O'Meara , D. and Dlamini , S. 1988 . The Struggle for South Africa , (Revised Edition) , 2 vols , London : Zed Books .
  • de Klerk , M. 1991 . “ ‘The Accumulation Crisis in Agriculture’ ” . Edited by: Gelb . [1991].
  • de Klerk , M. , ed. 1991 . A Harvest of Discontent: The Land Question in South Africa , Cape Town : IDASA .
  • Delius , P. 1990 . ‘Migrants, Comrades and Rural Revolt: Sekhukhuneland 1950–1987’ . Transformation , 13
  • de Villiers Graaf , J. ‘The Present State of Urbanisation in the South African Homelands and Some Future Scenarios’ . paper to Conference of the Development Society of Southern Africa . Cape Town.
  • Drew , A. 1991 . ‘Events were Breaking above Their Heads: Socialism in South Africa, 1921–1950’ . Social Dynamics , 17 ( 1 )
  • Drew , A. , ed. 1995–96 . South Africa's Radical Tradition: A Documentary History, Volume 1: 1907–1950. Volume 2. 1943–1964 , Cape Town : University of Cape Town Press, Mayibuye Books and Buchu Books .
  • Ferguson , J. 1990 . The Anti‐Politics Machine. ‘Development’ Depoliticization and Bureaucratic State Power in Lesotho , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
  • Fine , B. 1994 . ‘Politics and Economics in ANC Economic Policy: An Alternative Assessment’ . Transformation , 25
  • First , R. 1959 . Exposure: the Farm Labour Scandal , Johannesburg : New Age .
  • First , R. 1964 . “ Preface to Mbeki [1964] ” .
  • Freund , B. 1987 . ‘Defending South African Capitalism’ (review article on Lipton [1986]) . Transformation , 4
  • Friedman , S. 1987 . Building Tomorrow Today: African Workers in Trade Unions, 1970–1984 , Johannesburg : Ravan .
  • Friedman , S. and Atkinson , D. , eds. 1994 . South African Review 7. The Small Miracle. South Africa's Negotiated Settlement , Johannesburg : Ravan .
  • Frederickson , G.M. 1981 . White Supremacy. A Comparative Study in American and South African History , New York : Oxford University Press .
  • Gelb , S. 1991 . “ ‘South Africa's Economic Crisis: An Overview’ ” . Edited by: Gelb . [1991]
  • Gelb , S. , ed. 1991 . South Africa's Economic Crisis , Cape Town : David Philip .
  • Gerschenkron , A. 1943 . Bread and Democracy in Germany , Berkeley, CA : University of California Press .
  • Gibbon , P. 1993 . “ ‘"Civil Society” and Political Change, with Special Reference to Developmentalist States’ ” . Uppsala : Scandinavian Institute of African Studies . unpublished paper,
  • Gibbon , P. ‘Some Reflections on State, Civil Society and the Division of Labour in late Colonial Tanganyika’ . paper to Conference on Dimensions of Economic and Political Reform in Contemporary Africa . Kampala.
  • Greenberg , S.B. 1980 . Race and Slate in Capitalist Development: South Africa in Comparative Perspective , New Haven, CT : Yale University Press .
  • Greenberg , S.B. 1987 . Legitimating the Illegitimate: State, Markets and Resistance in South Africa , Berkeley, CA : University of California Press .
  • Harber , A. and Ludman , B. , eds. 1995 . Weekly Mail and Guardian A‐Z of South African Politics , Johannesburg : Penguin .
  • Harris , L. 1993 . ‘South Africa's Economic and Social Transformation: From “No Middle Road” to “No Alternative"’ . Review of African Political Economy , 57
  • Hindson , D. 1987 . Pass Controls and the African Urban Proletariat , Johannesburg : Ravan .
  • Hindson , D. 1991 . “ ‘The Restructuring of Labour Markets in South Africa; 1970s and 1980s” . Edited by: Gelb .
  • Hirson , B. 1989 . Yours for the Union. Class and Community Struggles in South Africa, 1930–1947 , Johannesburg : Witwatersrand University Press .
  • Howe , G. and le Roux , P. , eds. 1992 . Transforming the Economy. Policy Options for South Africa , Durban : University of Natal .
  • Hobsbawm , E. 1994 . Age of Extremes: The Short Twentieth Century, 1914–1991 , London : Michael Joseph .
  • Husy , D. 1994 . “ ‘Migrant Farm Workers in the Maize Sector: Addressing Structural Powerlessness’ ” . Edited by: Levin and Weiner . [1994].
  • Karaan , M. , Lubbe , W. , Nkosi , A. and van Zyl , J. 1993 . Agricultural Marketing: Red Meat , Johannesburg : LAPC .
  • Keegan , T. 1986 . Rural Transformations in Industrializing South Africa: The Southern Highveld to 1914 , Johannesburg : Ravan .
  • Keegan , T. 1988 . Facing the Storm: Portraits of Black Lives in Rural South Africa , Cape Town : David Phillip .
  • Kentridge , M. 1990 . An Unofficial War. Inside the Conflict in Pietermaritzburg , Cape Town : David Phillip .
  • Kimble , J. 1985a . “ ‘"Clinging to the Chiefs”: Some Contradictions of Colonial Rule in Basutoland, c1890–1930’ ” . In Contradictions of Accumulation in Africa , Edited by: Bernstein , H. and Campbell , B.K. Beverly Hills, CA : Sage .
  • Kimble , J. 1985b . “ ‘Migrant Labour and Colonial Rule in Southern African: The Case of Colonial Basutoland, 1890–1930’ ” . University of Essex . Ph.D. thesis,
  • Kraak , G. 1993 . Breaking the Chains: Labour in South Africa in the 1970s and 1980s , London : Pluto .
  • Krikler , J. 1993 . Revolution from Above, Rebellion from Below: The Agrarian Transvaal at the Turn of the Century , Oxford : Clarendon .
  • LAPC (Land and Agriculture Policy Centre) . 1994 . Food Security and Staple Foods: Policy Issues for South Africa , Johannesburg : LAPC .
  • Legassick , M. and Wolpe , H. 1976 . ‘The Bantustans and Capital Accumulation in South Africa’ . Review of African Political Economy , : 7
  • Lenin , V.I. 1973 . (1899), The Development of Capitalism in Russia , Moscow : Progress Publishers .
  • Levin , R. 1996 . When the Sleeping Grass Awakens: Land, Power and Hegemony in Swaziland , Johannesburg : Witwatersrand University Press .
  • Levin , R. and Neocosmos , M. 1989 . ‘The Agrarian Question and Class Contradictions in South Africa: Some Theoretical Considerations’ . Journal of Peasant Studies , 16 ( 2 )
  • Levin , R. and Weiner , D. 1991 . “ ‘The Agrarian Question and the Emergence of Conflicting Agricultural Strategies in South Africa’ ” . Edited by: Matlhape and Munz . [1991].
  • Levin , R. and Weiner , D. , eds. 1994 . Community Perspectives on Land and Agrarian Reform in South Africa , Johannesburg : University of the Witwatersrand, Department of Sociology .
  • Levin , R. and Weiner , D. , eds. 1996 . We Have No More Tears to Cry for Land: Community Perspectives on Land and Agrarian Reform in South Africa , Trenton : Africa World Press .
  • Lipton , M. 1986 . Capitalism and Apartheid: South Africa 1910–1986 , London : Wildwood House .
  • Lipton , M. 1987 . “ ‘Capitalism and Apartheid’ ” . Edited by: Lonsdale . [1987].
  • Lodge , T. 1983 . Black Politics in South Africa Since ¡945 , Johannesburg : Ravan .
  • Lodge , T. Nasson , B. 1991 . All, Here, and Now: Black Politics in South Africa in the 1980s , Cape Town : David Phillip .
  • Lonsdale , J. , ed. 1987 . South Africa in Question , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
  • Lund , F.J. 1992 . The Way Welfare Works: Structures, Spending, Staffing and Social Work in the South African Welfare Bureaucracies , Pretoria : HSRC .
  • Macroeconomic Research Group (MERG) . 1993 . Making Democracy Work. A Framework for Macroeconomic Policy in South Africa , Bellville : University of the Western Cape .
  • Mclntosh , A. , Quinlan , T. and Vaughan , A. 1993 . “ ‘Towards an Independent Civil Society: Limits and Possibilities in Rural Areas’ ” . Durban : University of Durban‐Westville, ISER (draft) .
  • McMenamin , V. 1992 . “ ‘Shifts in ANC Economic Policy’ ” . Edited by: Howe and le Roux . [1992].
  • Maluleke , T. , Small , J. and Winkler , H. 1994 . “ ‘Land Claims in the Bushbuckridge/Graskop Area’ ” . Edited by: Levin and Weiner . [1994].
  • Mamdani , M. 1987 . ‘Extreme but not Exceptional: Towards an Analysis of the Agrarian Question in Uganda’ . Journal of Peasant Studies , 14 ( 2 )
  • Mamdani , M. 1990 . ‘State and Civil Society in Contemporary Africa: Reconceptualising the Birth of State Nationalism and the Defeat of Popular Movements’ . Africa Development , 15 ( 3/4 )
  • Mamdani, M. forthcoming ‘Decentralized Despotism, Fragmented Resistance: The Making of Non‐Racial Apartheid in Africa’ (provisional title).
  • Marcus , T. 1989 . Modernising Super‐Exploitation: Restructuring South African Agriculture , London : Zed Books .
  • Maré , G. and Hamilton , G. 1987 . An Appetite for Power: Buthelezi's Inkatha and the Politics of ‘Loyal Resistance’ , Johannesburg : Ravan .
  • Maree , J. , ed. 1987 . The Independent Trade Unions 1974–1984: Ten Years of the South African Labour Bulletin , Johannesburg : Ravan .
  • Marx , A. 1992 . Lessons of Struggle: South African Internal Opposition, 1960–1990 , Cape Town : Oxford University Press .
  • Matlhape , B. and Munz , A. , eds. 1991 . Towards a New Democratic Agrarian Order , Amsterdam : SAERT .
  • Mbeki , G. 1964 . South Africa: The Peasants’ Revolt , Harmondsworth : Penguin .
  • Mbeki , T. 1992 . “ ‘Tribute to Simon Brand’ ” . Edited by: Howe and le Roux . [1992].
  • Mendes , C. 1992 . ‘Chico Mendes ‐ The Defence of Life’ . Journal of Peasant Studies , 20 ( 1 )
  • Miles , R. 1987 . Capitalism and Unfree Labour: Anomaly or Necessity? , London : Tavistock .
  • Morris , M. 1976 . ‘The Development of Capitalism in South African Agriculture: Class Struggle in the Countryside; . Economy and Society , 5 ( 3 )
  • Morris , M. 1981 . “ ‘The State and the Development of Capitalist Social Relations in the South African Countryside: A Process of Class Struggle’ ” . University of Sussex . D.Ph. thesis,
  • Morris , M. 1987 . ‘Social History and the Transition to Capitalism in the South African Countryside’ . Africa Perspective (NS) , 1 ( 5/6 )
  • Morris , M. and Hindson , D. 1992 . ‘South Africa: Political Violence, Reform and Reconstruction’ . Review of African Political Economy , : 53
  • Murray , C. 1981 . Families Divided. The Impact of Migrant Labour in Lesotho , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
  • Murray , C. 1987 . “ ‘Displaced Urbanisation’ ” . Edited by: Lonsdale . [1987].
  • Murray , C. 1992 . Black Mountain.: Land, Class and Power in the Eastern Orange Free State 1880s‐1980s , Edinburgh : Edinburgh University Press .
  • Murray , C. 1995 . ‘Structural Unemployment, Small Towns and Agrarian Change in South Africa’ . African Affairs , 94
  • Murray , C. and Williams , G. , eds. 1994 . Land and Freedom in South Africa, special issue of Review of African Political Economy 61
  • Murray , M.J. 1987 . South Africa: Time of Agony, Time of Destiny: The Upsurge of Popular Protest , London : Verso .
  • Murray , M.J. 1989 . ‘The Origins of Agrarian Capitalism in South Africa: A Critique of the Social History Perspective’ . Journal of Southern African Studies , 15 ( 4 )
  • Murray , M.J. 1994 . The Revolution Deferred: The Painful Birth of Post‐Apartheid South Africa , London : Verso .
  • Mzala . 1988 . Gatsha Buthelezi: Chief with a Double Agenda , London : Zed Books .
  • Nattrass , N. 1994a . ‘Politics and Economics in ANC Economic Policy’ . African Affairs , 93
  • Nattrass , N. 1994b . ‘Economic Restructuring in South Africa: The Debate Continues’ . Journal of Southern African Studies , 20 ( 4 )
  • Neocosmos , M. 1993 . The Agrarian Question in Southern Africa and ‘Accumulation from Below’ , Uppsala : Scandinavian Institute of African Studies .
  • Neocosmos , M. 1995 . “ ‘From People's Politics to State Politics: Aspects of National Liberation in South Africa, 1984–1994’ ” . draft paper.
  • Nkadimeng , M. and Relly , G. 1983 . “ ‘Kas Maine: The Story of a Black South African Agriculturalist’ ” . In Town and Countryside in the Transvaal , Edited by: Bozzoli , B. Johannesburg : Ravan .
  • O'Laughlin , B. 1996 . ‘Through a Divided Glass: Dualism, Class and the Agrarian Question in Mozambique’ . Journal of Peasant Studies , 23 ( 4 )
  • O'Meara , D. 1983 . Volkscapitalisme: Class, Capital and Ideology in the Development of Afrikaner Nationalism, 1934–1948 , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
  • O'Meara , D. Forty Lost Years: The Apartheid State and the Politics of the National Parly, 1948–1994 , New Haven : Yale University Press . (in press),
  • Pickles , J. and Weiner , D. 1991 . ‘Rural and Regional Restructuring of Apartheid: Ideology, Development Policy and the Competition for Space’ . Antipode , 23 ( 1 )
  • Pickles , J. and Weiner , D. , eds. 1991 . Rural and Regional Restructuring in South Africa, special issue of Antipode Vol.23 , No.1.
  • Plaatje , S.T. 1987 . (1916), Native Life in South Africa , London : Longman .
  • Platzky , L. and Walker , C. 1985 . The Surplus People: Forced Removals in South Africa , Johannesburg : Ravan .
  • Posel , D. 1991 . The Making of Apartheid 1948–1961: Compromise and Conflict , Oxford : Clarendon .
  • Raikes , P. ‘Food Aid, Security and Experience’ . paper to Conference on Food Security in South Africa . Johannesburg.
  • Reynolds , A. 1994 . “ ‘The Results’ ” . In Election ‘94 South Africa: The Campaigns, Results and Future Prospects , Edited by: Reynolds , A. Cape Town : David Philip .
  • RSA (Republic of South Africa) . 1992a . An Investigation into the Price Mechanism in the Food Chain , Pretoria : Board of Tariffs and Trade .
  • RSA . 1992b . Report of the Committee of Inquiry into the Marketing Act , Pretoria : Department of Agriculture .
  • RSA . 1992c . Report of the Committee for the Development of a Food and Nutrition Strategy for Southern Africa , Pretoria : Department of Agriculture .
  • RSA . 1994 . White Paper on Reconstruction and Development: A Strategy for Fundamental Transformation , Pretoria : RSA .
  • Rueschmeyer , D. , Huber Stephens , E. and Stephens , J.D. 1992 . Capitalist Development and Democracy , Cambridge : Polity .
  • Saul , J.B. 1991 . ‘South Africa: Between “Barbarism” and “Structural Reform'” . New Left Review , : 188
  • Seekings , J. 1993 . Heroes or Villains? Youth Politics in the 1980s , Johannesburg : Ravan .
  • Sender , J. 1994 . ‘Economic Restructuring in South Africa, Reactionary Rhetoric Prevails’ . Journal of Southern African Studies , 20 ( 4 )
  • Schrire , R. 1992 . Adapt or Die: The End of White Politics in South Africa , New York : Ford Foundation .
  • Slovo , J. 1976 . “ ‘South Africa‐No Middle Road’ ” . In Southern Africa: the New Politics of Revolution , Edited by: Davidson , B. , Slovo , J. and Wilkinson , A.R. Harmondsworth : Penguin .
  • Sparks , A. 1994 . Tomorrow is Another Country. The Inside Story of South Africa's Negotiated Revolution , Sandton : Struik .
  • Therborn , G. 1995 . ‘The Autobiography of the Twentieth Century’ . New Left Review , : 214
  • Trapido , S. 1971 . ‘South Africa in a Comparative Study of Industrialization’ . Journal of Development Studies , 7 ( 3 )
  • van Onselen , C. 1993 . ‘The Reconstruction of a Rural Life from Oral Testimony: Critical Notes on the Methodology Employed in the Study of a Black South African Sharecropper’ . Journal of Peasant Studies , 20 ( 3 )
  • van Zyl , J. and Van Rooyen , J. 1991 . “ ‘Agricultural Production in South Africa’ ” . Edited by: de Klerk . [1991].
  • Vaughan , A. 1992 . “ ‘Options for Rural Restructuring’ ” . In Wealth or Poverty? Critical Choices for South Africa , Edited by: Schrire , R. Cape Town : Oxford University Press .
  • Warwick , P. 1983 . Black People and the South African War, 1899–1902 , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
  • WAU (Wageningen Agricultural University) . 1995 . Agrarian Questions: The Politics of Farming anno 1995, Proceedings , Vols. 1–4 , Wageningen : WAU .
  • Weiner , D. 1989 . ‘Agricultural Restructuring in Zimbabwe and South Africa’ . Development and Change , 20 ( 3 )
  • Welsh , D. 1971 . “ ‘The Growth of Towns’ ” . Edited by: Wilson and Thompson . [1971].
  • Whiteford , A. 1994 . ‘The Poor get Even Poorer’ . Weekly Mail , March : 11 – 17 .
  • Willan , B. 1984 . Sol Plaatje: A Biography , Johannesburg : Ravan .
  • Wilson , F. 1971 . “ ‘Farming 1866–1966’ ” . Edited by: Wilson and Thompson . [1971].
  • Wilson , M. and Thompson , L. , eds. 1969 . A History of South Africa to 1870 , Oxford : Clarendon .
  • Wilson , M. and Thompson , L. , eds. 1971 . South Africa, 1870–1966 , Oxford : Clarendon .
  • Wolpe , H. 1972 . ‘Capitalism and Cheap Labour Power: from Segregation to Apartheid’ . Economy and Society , 1 ( 4 )
  • Wolpe , H. 1988 . Race, Class and the Apartheid State , London : James Currey .
  • Woodhouse , P. 1994 . “ ‘Soils and Irrigation Systems in the Hazyview Area of the Eastern Transvaal’ ” . Edited by: Levin and Weiner .
  • Wuyts , M. , Mackintosh , M. and Hewitt , T. , eds. 1992 . Development Policy and Public Action , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
  • Yawitch , J. 1981 . Betterment: The Myth of Homeland Agriculture , Johannesburg : South African Institute of Race Relations .
  • Here I am adapting the title of the seminal article by Mahmood Mamdani [1987].

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.