11,591
Views
97
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

The initial stage of the international sojourn: excitement or culture shock?

&
Pages 33-49 | Received 14 Feb 2007, Published online: 18 Jan 2008

References

  • Adler , P. 1975 . The transitional experience: An alternative view of culture shock . Journal of Humanistic Psychology , 15 : 13 – 23 .
  • Allen , A. and Higgins , T. 1994 . Higher education: The international student experience , London : HEIST in association with UCAS .
  • Berry , J. 1994 . “ Acculturation and psychological adaptation: An overview ” . In Journeys into cross-cultural psychology , Edited by: Bouvy , A-M. , van de Vijver , F. , Boski , P. and Schmitz , P. Amsterdam : S&Z .
  • Biddle , B. 1979 . Role theory: Expectations, identities, and behaviours , New York : Academic Press .
  • Blue , G. 1991 . “ Language learning within academic constraints ” . In Socio-cultural issues in English for academic purposes , Edited by: Adams , P. , Heaton , B. and Howarth , A. Vol. 1 , London : Macmillan .
  • Blue , G. 1993 . “ Nothing succeeds like linguistic competence: The role of language in academic success ” . In Language, learning and success: Studying through English , Edited by: Blue , G. Vol. 3 , London : Macmillan .
  • Bock , P. 1970 . Culture shock , New York : Alfred Knopf .
  • Bowl , M. 2003 . Non-traditional entrants to higher education: They talk about people like me , Stoke on Trent : Trentham .
  • Brewer , J. 2000 . Ethnography , Buckingham : OUP .
  • Brown , H.D. 1980 . The optimal distance model of second language acquisition . TESOL Quarterly , 14 : 157 – 164 .
  • Bruner , J. 1956 . On perceptual readiness . Psychological Review , 64 : 123 – 152 .
  • Church , A. 1982 . Sojourner adjustment . Psychological Bulletin , 91 : 540 – 572 .
  • Crano , S. and Crano , W. 1993 . A measure of adjustment strain in international students . Journal of Cross-cultural Psychology , 24 : 267 – 283 .
  • Crocker , J. and Luhtanen , R. 1990 . Collective self-esteem and in-group bias . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 58 : 60 – 67 .
  • Daymon , C. and Holloway , I. 2002 . Qualitative research methods in public relations and marketing communications , London : Routledge .
  • Detweiler , R. 1975 . On inferring the intentions of a person from another culture . Journal of Personality , 42 : 591 – 611 .
  • Fetterman , D. 1998 . Ethnography , London : Sage .
  • Furnham , A. 1995 . Psychological and socio-cultural variables as predictors of adjustment in cross-cultural transitions . Psychologia , 38 : 238 – 251 .
  • Furnham , A. and Bochner , S. 1986 . Culture shock , New York : Methuen .
  • Furnham , A. and Erdmann , S. 1995 . Psychological and sociocultural variables as predictors of adjustment in cross-cultural transitions . Psychologia , 38 : 238 – 251 .
  • Garza-Guerrero , A. 1974 . Culture shock: Its mourning and the vicissitudes of identity . Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association , 22 : 408 – 429 .
  • Giddens , A. 1991 . Modernity and self-identity: Self and society in the late modern age , Cambridge : Blackwell .
  • Golden , J. 1973 . Student adjustment abroad: A psychiatrist's view . International Education and Cultural Exchange , 8 : 28 – 36 .
  • Gudykunst , W. 1998 . Bridging differences: Effective intergroup communication , London : Sage .
  • Gullahorn , J. and Gullahorn , J. 1960 . The role of the academic man as a cross-cultural mediator . American Sociological Review , 25 : 414 – 417 .
  • Hall , E. 1959 . The silent language , New York : Doubleday .
  • Hall , E. 1976 . Beyond culture , New York : Doubleday .
  • Hamburg , D. and Adams , J. 1967 . A perspective on coping behaviour: Seeking and utilising information in major transitions . Archives of General Psychiatry , 17 : 277 – 284 .
  • Hammersley , M. and Atkinson , P. 1995 . Ethnography principles in practice , London : Tavistock .
  • Hofstede , G. 1991 . Cultures and organisation: Software of the mind , London : HarperCollins .
  • Kim , Y. 1988 . Communication and cross-cultural adaptation , Clevedon : Multilingual Matters .
  • Kramsch , C. 1993 . Context and culture in language teaching , Oxford : OUP .
  • La Barre , W. 1968 . “ Personality from a psychoanalytic viewpoint ” . In The study of personality , Edited by: Norbeck , E. , Price-Williams , D. and McCord , W. New York : Holt, Rinehart and Winston .
  • Liu , M-C. 2001 . The adaptation and experience of foreign-born faculty members in the US , Claremong, California : Claremont Graduate University .
  • Lord , P. and Dawson , C. 2002 . The induction needs of international students at postgraduate level , London : TVU .
  • Louie , K. 2005 . “ Gathering cultural knowledge: Useful or use with care? ” . In Teaching international students , Edited by: Carroll , J. and Ryan , J. Abingdon : Routledge .
  • Lysgaard , S. 1955 . Adjustment in a foreign society: Norwegian Fulbright grantees visiting the United States . International Social Science Bulletin , 7 : 45 – 51 .
  • MacLeod , D. ( 2006 , April 18 ). International rescue . The Guardian .
  • Mason , J. 2002 . Qualitative researching , London : Sage .
  • Merrill , B. 1999 . Gender, change and identity: Mature women students in universities , Aldershot : Ashgate .
  • Milligan , C. , Gatrell , A.C. and Bingley , A.F. 2004 . Cultivating health: Therapeutic landscapes and older people in Northern England . Social Science and Medicine , 58 ( 2 ) : 1781 – 1793 .
  • Mohamed , O. 1997 . “ Counselling for excellence: Adjustment development of Southeast Asian students ” . In Overseas students in HE: Issues in teaching and learning , Edited by: McNamara , D. and Harris , R. London : Routledge .
  • Oberg , K. 1960 . Cultural shock: Adjustment to new cultural environments . Practical Anthropology , 7 : 177 – 182 .
  • Okorocha , E. 1996 . The international student experience . Journal of Graduate Education , 2 : 80 – 84 .
  • Owie , I. 1982 . Social alienation among foreign students . College Student Journal , 16 : 163 – 165 .
  • Persaud , R. 1993 . The loneliness of the long-distance student . Journal of International Education , 4 : 45 – 51 .
  • Ryan , J. 2005 . “ The student experience ” . In Teaching international students , Edited by: Carroll , J. and Ryan , J. Abingdon : Routledge .
  • Ryan , J. and Carroll , J. 2005 . “ Canaries in the coalmine: International students in Western universities ” . In Teaching international students , Edited by: Carroll , J. and Ryan , J. Abingdon : Routledge .
  • Sazberger-Wittenber , I. , Henry , G. and Osborne , E. 1983 . The emotional experience of learning and teaching , London : Routledge .
  • Schild , E. 1962 . The foreign student, as stranger, learning the norms of the host culture . Journal of Social Issues , 18 : 41 – 54 .
  • Searle , W. and Ward , C. 1990 . The prediction of psychological and sociocultural adjustment during cross-cultural transitions . International Journal of Intercultural Relations , 14 : 449 – 464 .
  • Smith , A. ( 2006 , March 23 ). Improve student experience, Rammell warns . The Guardian .
  • Spradley , J. 1979 . The ethnographic interview , New York : Holt, Rinehart and Winston .
  • Storti , C. 1990 . The art of crossing cultures , Maine : Intercultural Press .
  • Thomas , K. and Harrell , T. 1994 . “ Counselling student sojourners: Revisiting the U-curve of adjustment ” . In Learning across cultures , Edited by: Althen , G. New York : NAFSA .
  • Torbiorn , I. 1994 . “ Dynamics of cross-cultural adaptation ” . In Learning across cultures , Edited by: Althen , G. New York : NAFSA .
  • Triandis , H. , Bontempo , R. and Villareal , M. 1988 . Individualism and collectivism: Cross-cultural perspectives on self-ingroup relationships . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 54 : 323 – 338 .
  • Tunstall , H.V.Z. , Shaw , M. and Dorling , D. 2004 . Places and health . Journal of Epidemiological Community Health , 58 : 6 – 10 .
  • Tysome , T. ( 2003 , January 24 ). Campuses adapt to overseas influx . Times Higher , p. 15 .
  • UKCOSA . (2004) . Broadening our horizons . London : UKCOSA .
  • UKCOSA . (2006) . Student statistics . Retrieved from http://www.ukcosa.org.uk/student statistics
  • Ward , C. and Kennedy , A. 1996 . “ Crossing cultures: The relationship between psychological and sociocultural dimensions of cross-cultural adjustment ” . In Asian contributions to cross-cultural psychology , Edited by: Pandey , J. , Sinha , D. and Bhawuk , D.P.S. New Delhi : Sage .
  • Ward , C. and Kennedy , A. 1999 . The measurement of socio-cultural adaptation . International Journal of Intercultural Relations , 23 : 659 – 677 .
  • Ward , C. , Bochner , S. and Furnham , A. 2001 . The psychology of culture shock , Hove : Routledge .
  • Westwood , M. and Barker , M. 1990 . Academic achievement and social adaptation among international students: A comparison groups study of the peer-pairing program . International Journal of Intercultural Relations , 14 : 251 – 263 .
  • Wheeler , L. , Reis , H. and Bond , M. 1989 . Collectivism–individualism in everyday social life: The Middle Kingdom and the melting pot . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 57 : 79 – 86 .
  • Williams , R. 1981 . Culture , Glasgow : Fontana .
  • Yeh , E. 1976 . Cross-cultural adaptation and personal growth: The case of Chinese students . Acta Pschologica Taiwanica , 18 : 95 – 104 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.