Mindfulness, impulsivity and psychological distress: the mediation role of smartphone addiction

References

• Billieux, J., Maurage, P., Lopez-Fernandez, O., Kuss, D. J., & Griffiths, M. D. (2015). Can disordered mobile phone use be considered a behavioral addiction? An update on current evidence and a comprehensive model for future research. Current Addiction Reports, 2(2), 156–162. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40429-015-0054-y
   Google Scholar
• Bjork, J. M., Burroughs, T. K., Franke, L. M., Pickett, T. C., Johns, S. E., Moeller, F. G., & Walker, W. C. (2017). Rapid-response impulsivity predicts depression and posttraumatic stress disorder symptomatology at 1-year follow-up in blast-exposed service members. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 98(8), 1646–1651.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2017.03.022
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Black, D. S. (2011). A brief definition of mindfulness. Mindfulness Research Guide. http://www.mindfulexperience.org.
   Google Scholar
• Breedvelt, J. J., Amanvermez, Y., Harrer, M., Karyotaki, E., Gilbody, S., Bockting, C. L., Cuijpers, P., & Ebert, D. D. (2019). The effects of meditation, yoga, and mindfulness on depression, anxiety, and stress in tertiary education students: A meta-analysis. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10, 193. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00193
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bringmann, H. C., Bringmann, N., Jeitler, M., Brunnhuber, S., Michalsen, A., & Sedlmeier, P. (2021). Meditation-Based lifestyle modification: Development of an integrative mind-body program for mental health and human flourishing. Complementary Medicine Research, 28(3), 252–262. https://doi.org/10.1159/000512333
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brinker, J. K., & Dozois, D. J. (2009). Ruminative thought style and depressed mood. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 65(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20542
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003). The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(4), 822–848. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.84.4.822
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carver, C. S., Johnson, S. L., & Joormann, J. (2013). Major depressive disorder and impulsive reactivity to emotion: Toward a dual-process view of depression. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 52(3), 285–299. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjc.12014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cash, M., & Whittingham, K. (2010). What facets of mindfulness contribute to psychological well-being and depressive, anxious, and stress-related symptomatology? Mindfulness, 1(3), 177–182. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-010-0023-4
   Google Scholar
• Cha, S. S., & Seo, B. K. (2018). Smartphone use and smartphone addiction in middle school students in korea: Prevalence, social networking service, and game use. Health Psychology Open, 5(1), 205510291875504. https://doi.org/10.1177/2055102918755046
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaudhury, P., & Tripathy, H. K. (2018). A study on impact of smartphone addiction on academic performance. International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7(2.6), 50–53. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.6.10066
   Google Scholar
• Chen, I. H., Pakpour, A. H., Leung, H., Potenza, M. N., Su, J. A., Lin, C. Y., & Griffiths, M. D. (2020). Comparing generalized and specific problematic smartphone/internet use: Longitudinal relationships between smartphone application-based addiction and social media addiction and psychological distress. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 9, 410–419. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.2020.00023
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng, S. S., Zhang, C. Q., & Wu, J. Q. (2020). Mindfulness and smartphone addiction before going to sleep among college students: The mediating roles of self-control and rumination. Clocks & Sleep, 2(3), 354–363. https://doi.org/10.3390/clockssleep2030026
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cohen, S., Janicki-Deverts, D., & Miller, G. E. (2007). Psychological stress and disease. Jama, 298(14), 1685–1687. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.298.14.1685
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Contractor, A. A., Weiss, N. H., Tull, M. T., & Elhai, J. D. (2017). Ptsd's relation with problematic smartphone use: Mediating role of impulsivity. Computers in Human Behavior, 75, 177–183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.05.018
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elhai, J. D., Dvorak, R. D., Levine, J. C., & Hall, B. J. (2017). Problematic smartphone use: A conceptual overview and systematic review of relations with anxiety and depression psychopathology. Journal of Affective Disorders, 207, 251–259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2016.08.030
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elhai, J. D., Levine, J. C., O’Brien, K. D., & Armour, C. (2018). Distress tolerance and mindfulness mediate relations between depression and anxiety sensitivity with problematic smartphone use. Computers in Human Behavior, 84, 477–484. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.03.026
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eysenck, H. J. (1993). The nature of impulsivity. In W. G. McCown, J. L. Johnson, & M. B. Shure (Eds.), The impulsive client: Theory, research, and treatment (pp. 57–69). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/10500-004.
   Google Scholar
• Firth, J., Torous, J., Nicholas, J., Carney, R., Pratap, A., Rosenbaum, S., & Sarris, J. (2017). The efficacy of smartphone-based mental health interventions for depressive symptoms: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. World Psychiatry, 16(3), 287–298. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20472
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gallo, G. G., Curado, D. F., Opaleye, E. S., Donate, A. P. G., Scattone, V. V., & Noto, A. R. (2021). Impulsivity and mindfulness among inpatients with alcohol Use disorder. Substance Use & Misuse, 56(1), 25–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/10826084.2020.1833924
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gökçearslan, Ş, Uluyol, Ç, & Şahin, S. (2018). Smartphone addiction, cyberloafing, stress and social support among university students: A path analysis. Children and Youth Services Review, 91, 47–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2018.05.036
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grant, Jon E, Lust, Katherine, & Chamberlain, Samuel R. (2019). Problematic smartphone use associated with greater alcohol consumption, mental health issues, poorer academic performance, and impulsivity. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 8(2), 335–342. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.8.2019.32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haug, S., Castro, R. P., Kwon, M., Filler, A., Kowatsch, T., & Schaub, M. P. (2015). Smartphone use and smartphone addiction among young people in Switzerland. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 4(4), 299–307. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.4.2015.037
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henry, J. D., & Crawford, J. R. (2005). The short-form version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21): Construct validity and normative data in a large non-clinical sample. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 44(2), 227–239. https://doi.org/10.1348/014466505X29657
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hofmann, S. G., & Gómez, A. F. (2017). Mindfulness-based interventions for anxiety and depression. Psychiatric Clinics, 40(4), 739–749. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psc.2017.08.008
   Google Scholar
• Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jo, H. S., Na, E., & Kim, D. J. (2018). The relationship between smartphone addiction predisposition and impulsivity among Korean smartphone users. Addiction Research & Theory, 26(1), 77–84. https://doi.org/10.1080/16066359.2017.1312356
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kabat-Zinn, J. (1994). Wherever you go, there you are: Mindfulness meditation in everyday life. Hyperion Books.
   Google Scholar
• Kalyani, B., Reddi, N., Ampalam, P., Kishore, R., & Elluru, S. (2019). Depression, anxiety and smartphone addiction among medical students. IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences, 18(2), 33–37. https://doi.org/10.9790/0853-1802153337
   Google Scholar
• Kawa, M., & Shafi, H. (2015). Evaluation of internet addiction, impulsivity and psychological distress among university students. International Journal of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnosis, 3(1), 70–76. https://doi.org/10.19070/2332-2926-1500014
   Google Scholar
• Kim, J. H., Seo, M., & David, P. (2015). Alleviating depression only to become problematic mobile phone users: Can face-to-face communication be the antidote? Computers in Human Behavior, 51, 440–447. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.05.030
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, Y., Jeong, J. E., Cho, H., Jung, D. J., Kwak, M., Rho, M. J., Yu, H., Kim, D. J., & Choi, I. Y (2016). Personality factors predicting smartphone addiction predisposition: Behavioral inhibition and activation systems, impulsivity, and self-control. PloS One, 11(8), e0159788. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0159788
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King, R. C., & Dong, S. (2017). The impact of smartphone on young adults. The Business & Management Review, 8(4), 342–349.
   Google Scholar
• Kumar, V. A., Chandrasekaran, V., & Brahadeeswari, H. (2019). Prevalence of smartphone addiction and its effects on sleep quality: A cross-sectional study among medical students. Industrial Psychiatry Journal, 28(1), 82–85. https://doi.org/10.4103/ipj.ipj_56_19
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kwon, M., Kim, D. J., Cho, H., & Yang, S. (2013a). The smartphone Addiction Scale: Development and validation of a short version for adolescents. Plos One, 8(12), e83558. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0083558
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwon, M., Lee, J. Y., Won, W. Y., Park, J. W., Min, J. A., Hahn, C., Gu, X., Choi, J. H., & Kim, D. J (2013b). Development and validation of a smartphone addiction scale (SAS). PloS One, 8(2), e56936. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0056936
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lan, Y., Ding, J. E., Li, W., Li, J., Zhang, Y., Liu, M., & Fu, H. (2018). A pilot study of a group mindfulness-based cognitive-behavioral intervention for smartphone addiction among university students. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 7(4), 1171–1176. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.7.2018.103
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• La Torre, G., Raffone, A., Peruzzo, M., Calabrese, L., Cocchiara, R. A., D’Egidio, V., Leggieri, P. F., Dorelli , B., Zaffina, S., & Mannocci , A. (2020). Yoga and mindfulness as a tool for influencing affectivity, anxiety, mental health, and stress among healthcare workers: Results of a single-arm clinical trial. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 9(4), 1037. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9041037
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lei, L. Y. C., Ismail, M. A. A., Mohammad, J. A. M., & Yusoff, M. S. B. (2020). The relationship of smartphone addiction with psychological distress and neuroticism among university medical students. BMC Psychology, 8(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-019-0349-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lemola, S., Perkinson-Gloor, N., Brand, S., Dewald-Kaufmann, J. F., & Grob, A. (2015). Adolescents’ electronic media use at night, sleep disturbance, and depressive symptoms in the smartphone age. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 44(2), 405–418. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-014-0176-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, S. Y. H., & Bressington, D. (2019). The effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction on depression, anxiety, and stress in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 28(3), 635–656. https://doi.org/10.1111/inm.12568
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lian, S. L., Sun, X. J., Niu, G. F., Yang, X. J., Zhou, Z. K., & Yang, C. (2021). Mobile phone addiction and psychological distress among Chinese adolescents: The mediating role of rumination and moderating role of the capacity to be alone. Journal of Affective Disorders, 279, 701–710. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.10.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin, Y. H., Chiang, C. L., Lin, P. H., Chang, L. R., Ko, C. H., Lee, Y. H., & Lin, S. H. (2016). Proposed diagnostic criteria for smartphone addiction. PloS One, 11(11), e0163010. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0163010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matar-Boumosleh, J., & Jaalouk, D. (2017). Depression, anxiety, and smartphone addiction in university students-A cross sectional study. PLoS One, 12(8), e0182239. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0182239
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maxwell, S. E., Cole, D. A., & Mitchell, M. A. (2011). Bias in cross-sectional analyses of longitudinal mediation: Partial and complete mediation under an autoregressive model. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 46(5), 816–841. https://doi.org/10.1080/00273171.2011.606716
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Medvedev, O. N., Norden, P. A., Krägeloh, C. U., & Siegert, R. J. (2018). Investigating unique contributions of dispositional mindfulness facets to depression, anxiety, and stress in general and student populations. Mindfulness, 9(6), 1757–1767. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-0917-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell, L., & Hussain, Z. (2018). Predictors of problematic smartphone use: An examination of the integrative pathways model and the role of age, gender, impulsiveness, excessive reassurance seeking, extraversion, and depression. Behavioral Sciences, 8(8), 74. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs8080074
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moeller, F. G., Barratt, E. S., Dougherty, D. M., Schmitz, J. M., & Swann, A. C. (2001). Psychiatric aspects of impulsivity. American Journal of Psychiatry, 158(11), 1783–1793. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.158.11.1783
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moustafa, A. A., Tindle, R., Frydecka, D., & Misiak, B. (2017). Impulsivity and its relationship with anxiety, depression and stress. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 74, 173–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2017.01.013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murphy, C., & MacKillop, J. (2012). Living in the here and now: Interrelationships between impulsivity, mindfulness, and alcohol misuse. Psychopharmacology, 219(2), 527–536. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-011-2573-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noyan, C. O., Darçin, A. E., Nurmedov, S., Yilmaz, O., & Dilbaz, N. (2015). Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version among university students. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry, 16(Special issue 1), 73–81. https://doi.org/10.5455/apd.176101
   Google Scholar
• Özyeşil, Z., Arslan, C., Kesici, S., & Deniz, M. (2011). Adaptation of the mindful attention awareness scale into turkish. Education And Science, 36(160), 224–235.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patton, J. H., Stanford, M. S., & Barratt, E. S. (1995). Factor structure of the Barratt impulsiveness scale. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 51(6), 768–774. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-4679(199511)51:6<768::AID-JCLP2270510607>3.0.CO;2-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peters, J. R., Erisman, S. M., Upton, B. T., Baer, R. A., & Roemer, L. (2011). A preliminary investigation of the relationships between dispositional mindfulness and impulsivity. Mindfulness, 2(4), 228–235. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-011-0065-2
   Google Scholar
• Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40(3), 879–891. https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.40.3.879
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rajesh, S. K., Ilavarasu, J. V., & Srinivasan, T. M. (2013). Dispositional mindfulness and its relation to impulsivity in college students. International Journal of Yoga - Philosophy, Psychology and Parapsychology, 1(1), 49. https://doi.org/10.4103/2347-5633.123292
   Google Scholar
• Regan, T., Harris, B., Van Loon, M., Nanavaty, N., Schueler, J., Engler, S., & Fields, S. A. (2020). Does mindfulness reduce the effects of risk factors for problematic smartphone use? Comparing frequency of use versus self-reported addiction. Addictive Behaviors, 108, 106435. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106435
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reid, R. C., Bramen, J. E., Anderson, A., & Cohen, M. S. (2014). Mindfulness, emotional dysregulation, impulsivity, and stress proneness among hypersexual patients. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 70(4), 313–321. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22027
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robayo-Pinzon, O., Foxall, G. R., Montoya-Restrepo, L. A., & Rojas-Berrio, S. (2021). Does excessive use of smartphones and apps make us more impulsive? An approach from behavioural economics. Heliyon, 7(2), e06104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06104
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saeed, S. A., Cunningham, K., & Bloch, R. M. (2019). Depression and anxiety disorders: Benefits of exercise, yoga, and meditation. American Family Physician, 99(10), 620–627.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salari, N., Hosseinian-Far, A., Jalali, R., Vaisi-Raygani, A., Rasoulpoor, S., Mohammadi, M., Rasoulpoor, S., & Khaledi-Paveh, B. (2020). Prevalence of stress, anxiety, depression among the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Globalization and Health, 16(57), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-020-00589-w
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schreiner, I., & Malcolm, J. P. (2008). The benefits of mindfulness meditation: Changes in emotional states of depression, anxiety, and stress. Behaviour Change, 25(3), 156–168. https://doi.org/10.1375/bech.25.3.156
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shapiro, S. L., Carlson, L. E., Astin, J. A., & Freedman, B. (2006). Mechanisms of mindfulness. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 62(3), 373–386. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20237
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sohn, S., Rees, P., Wildridge, B., Kalk, N. J., & Carter, B. (2019). Long-term psychological distress of bosnian war survivors: An 11-year follow-up of former displaced persons, returnees, and stayers. BMC Psychiatry, 19(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-018-1996-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song, Y., & Lindquist, R. (2015). Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction on depression, anxiety, stress and mindfulness in Korean nursing students. Nurse Education Today, 35(1), 86–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2014.06.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soysa, C. K., & Wilcomb, C. J. (2015). Mindfulness, self-compassion, self-efficacy, and gender as predictors of depression, anxiety, stress, and well-being. Mindfulness, 6(2), 217–226. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-013-0247-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spielberger, C. D. (2013). Anxiety and behavior. Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Squires, L. R., Hollett, K. B., Hesson, J., & Harris, N. (2020). Psychological distress, emotion dysregulation, and coping behaviour: A theoretical perspective of problematic smartphone use. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 19, 1284–1299. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00224-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stahl, B., & Goldstein, E. (2019). A mindfulness-based stress reduction workbook. New Harbinger Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Tamam, L., Güleç, H., & Karataş, G. (2013). Barratt dürtüsellik Ölçeği kısa formu (BIS-11-KF) türkçe uyarlama Çalışması. Nöro Psikiyatri Arşivi, 50(2), 130–134. https://doi.org/10.4274/npa.y6296
   Google Scholar
• Thomée, S., Eklöf, M., Gustafsson, E., Nilsson, R., & Hagberg, M. (2007). Prevalence of perceived stress, symptoms of depression and sleep disturbances in relation to information and communication technology (ICT) use among young adults – an explorative prospective study. Computers in Human Behavior, 23(3), 1300–1321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2004.12.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomée, S., Härenstam, A., & Hagberg, M. (2011). Mobile phone use and stress, sleep disturbances, and symptoms of depression among young adults - a prospective cohort study. BMC Public Health, 11(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-11-66
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tison, G. H., & Marcus, G. M. (2019). Will the smartphone become a useful tool to promote physical activity? The Lancet Digital Health, 1(7), e322–e323. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2589-7500(19)30154-2
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vindegaard, N., & Benros, M. E. (2020). COVID-19 pandemic and mental health consequences: Systematic review of the current evidence. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 89, 531–542. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.048
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Volungis, A. M., Kalpidou, M., Popores, C., & Joyce, M. (2019). Smartphone addiction and its relationship with indices of social-emotional distress and personality. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 18(5), 1209–1225. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-019-00119-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitehead, R., Bates, G., Elphinstone, B., Yang, Y., & Murray, G. (2019). Nonattachment mediates the relationship between mindfulness and psychological well-being, subjective well-being, and depression, anxiety and stress. Journal of Happiness Studies, 20(7), 2141–2158. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-018-0041-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, X., Zhou, Z., Liu, Q., & Fan, C. (2019). Mobile phone addiction and adolescents’ anxiety and depression: The moderating role of mindfulness. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 28(3), 822–830. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-018-01323-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yılmaz, Ö, Boz, H., & Arslan, A. (2017). Depresyon anksiyete stres ölçeğinin (DASS 21) türkçe kısa formunun geçerlilik-güvenilirlik çalışması. Finans Ekonomi ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 2(2), 78–91.
   Google Scholar
• Yu, Y., Yu, Y., & Lin, Y. (2020). Anxiety and depression aggravate impulsiveness: the mediating and moderating role of cognitive flexibility. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 25(1), 25–36. https://doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2019.1601748
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar