- BAKER , J. and DILLON , G. 1999 . Peer support on the Web . Innovations in Education and Training International , 36 : 65 – 70 .
- BAXTER MAGOLDA , M.B. 1992 . Knowing and Reasoning in Students: gender-related patterns in students' intellectual development , San Francisco, CA : Jossey-Bass .
- BELENKY , M. , CLINCHY , B. , GOLDBERGER , N. and TARULE , J. 1986 . Women's Ways of Knowing. The development of self, voice, and mind , New York : Basic Books .
- BlGGS , J. 1999 . Teaching for Quality Learning at University , Buckingham : Open University Press .
- BIRENBAUM , M. and AMDUR , L. 1999 . Reflective active learning in a graduate course on assessment . Higher Education Research and Development , 18 : 201 – 218 .
- BLOOMER , M. and HODKINSON , P. 2000 . Learning careers: continuity and change in young people's dis-positions to learning . British Educational Research Journal , 26 : 584 – 597 .
- BLUMER , H. 1969 . Symbolic Interactionism: perspective and method , Berkeley, CA : University of California Press .
- BOND , C. and WILSON , V. 2000 . Bridging the academic and vocational divide-a case study in work-base learning in the UK NHS . Innovations in Education and Training International , 37 : 134 – 144 .
- BOUD , D. , COHEN , R. and WALKER , D. , eds. 1993 . Using Experience for Learning , Buckingham : Open University Press .
- BROCKBANK , A. and McGlLL , I. 1998 . Facilitating Reflective Learning in Higher Education , Buckingham : Open University Press .
- BROOKFIELD , S. 1986 . Understanding and Facilitating Adult Learning , Buckingham : Open University Press .
- BROOKFIELD , S. 1993 . “ Breaking the code: engaging practitioners in critical analysis of adult educational literature ” . In Boundaries of Adult Learning , Edited by: EDWARDS , R. , HANSON , A. and RAGGATT , P. London : Routledge . 1996
- BROOKFIELD , S. 1994 . Tales from the dark side: a phenomenography of adult critical reflection . International Journal of Lifelong Education , 13 : 203 – 216 .
- BULLOUGH , M. 1989 . A consideration of some models of the learning process: variations on a theme of John Dewey . Studies in the Education of Adults , 21 : 81 – 94 .
- CAFFARELLA , R. and O'DONNELL , J. 1987 . Self-directed learning: a critical paradigm revisited . Adult Education Quarterly , 37 : 199 – 211 .
- CARNWELL , R. 2000 . Approaches to study and their impact on the need for support and guidance in distance learning . Open Learning , 15 : 123 – 140 .
- COLLINS , M. 1996 . “ On contemporary practice and research: self-directed learning to critical theory ” . In Boundaries of Adult Learning , Edited by: EDWARDS , R. , HANSON , A. and RAGGATT , P. London : Routledge . 1996
- DAVENPORT , J. 1987 . “ Is there any way out of the andragogy morass? ” . In Culture and Processes of Adult Learning , Edited by: THORPE , M. , EDWARDS , R. and HANSON , A. London : Routledge .
- DEPARTMENT FOR EDUCATION AND EMPLOYMENT . 1998 . The Learning Age , London : HMSO .
- ENTWISTLE , N. 1992 . The Impact of Teaching on Learning Outcomes in Higher Education , Sheffield : Committee of Vice-Chancellors and Principals .
- ERAUT , M. 1994 . Developing Professional Knowledge and Competence , London : Palmer Press .
- FRASER , W. 1995 . Learning from Experience: empowerment or incorporation? , Leicester : National Institute of Adult Continuing Education .
- GIBBS , G. 1992 . Improving the Quality of Student Learning , Bristol : Technical and Educational Services Ltd .
- HANNAN , A. Innovations in teaching and learning in higher education: findings from a research project . paper given at the Society for Research into Higher Education Conference on 'Innovation and Creativity in Teaching & Learning . June 2000 . Scotland : University of Stirling . http:;dRwww.fae.plym.ac.uk/itlhe/ conf6.html
- HANSON , A. 1996 . “ The search for a separate theory of adult learning: does anyone really need andragogy? ” . In Boundaries of Adult Learning , Edited by: EDWARDS , R. , HANSON , A. and RAGGATT , P. London : Routledge . 1996
- HARGREAVES , D. 1996 . “ Teaching as a research-based profession: possibilities and prospects ” . In Teacher Training Agency, Annual Lecture
- HARGREAVES , D. 1997 . In defence of research for evidence-based teaching: a rejoinder to Martyn Hammersley . British Education Research Journal , 23 : 405 – 419 .
- HENRY , J. 1989 . “ Meaning and practice in experiential learning ” . In Making Sense of Experiential Learning , Edited by: WARNER WEIL , S. and McGiLL , I. Buckingham : Open University Press .
- HOUSTON , S. and LAZENBLATT , A. 1999 . Peer tutoring in a modelling course . Innovations in Education and Training International , 36 : 71 – 79 .
- INSTITUTE FOR LEARNING AND TEACHING . 2000 . Publicity Materials , York : Institute for Learning and Teaching .
- KNOWLES , M. 1990 . The Adult Learner: a neglected species, , 4th edn , Houston : Gulf Publishing .
- KNOX , L. 2000 . The shock of the new: students' perceptions of a collaborative degree . Innovations in Education and Training International , 37 : 87 – 96 .
- KOLB , D. 1984 . Experiential Learning: experience as the source of learning and development , Englewood Cliffs, NJ : Prentice Hall .
- LAVE , J. and WENGER , E. 1991 . Situated Learning , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
- LEA , M. Understanding adult student learning using theories of adult literacy . Proceedings of 27th conference, SCUTREA (Standing Conference on University Teaching and Research in the Education of Adults) . London. Birkbeck College, University of London .
- MALCOLM , J. and ZUKAS , M. 2001 . Bridging pedagogic gaps: conceptual discontinuities in higher education . Teaching in Higher Education , 6 : 33 – 42 .
- MARTON , E. and SALJO , R. 1984 . “ Approaches to learning ” . In The Experience of Learning , Edited by: MARTON , E. , HOUNSELL , D. and ENTWISTLE , N. Edinburgh : Scottish Academic Press .
- NIGHTINGALE , P. and O'NEIL , M. 1994 . Achieving Quality Learning in Higher Education , London : Kogan Page .
- PERRY , W. 1970 . Forms of Intellectual and Ethical Development in the College Years: a scheme , New York, Holt : Rinehart & Wilson .
- PROSSER , M. and TRIGWELL , K. 1999 . Understanding Teaching and Learning , Buckingham : Open University Press .
- REID , J. 1995 . Learning Styles in the ESLIEFL Classroom , London : Heinle & Heinle .
- RICHARDSON , J. 1987 . “ Research in education and psychology ” . In Student Learning , Edited by: RICHARDSON , J. , EYSENCK , M. and PIPER , D. Buckingham : Open University Press .
- ROBERTSON , G. 1987 . “ Learning and the hidden agenda ” . In Appreciating Adults Learning: from the learner's perspective , Edited by: BOUD , D. and GRIFFIN , V. London : Kogan Page .
- SALMON , P. 1989 . “ Personal stances in learning ” . In Making Sense of Experiential Learning , Edited by: WARNER WEIL , S. and McGiLL , I. Buckingham : Open University .
- SANGSTER , A. , MACLAREN , P. and MARSHALL , S. 2000 . Translating theory into practice: facilitating work-based learning through IT . Innovations in Education and Training International , 37 : 50 – 67 .
- SCHON , D. 1991 . The Reflective Practitioner , London : Basic Books .
- SEVERIENS , S. , TEN DAM , G. and NIJENHUIS , E. 1998 . Ways of knowing and patterns of reasoning; women and men in adult secondary education . Gender and Education , 10 : 327 – 342 .
- SPILLER , D. and FRASER , D. 1999 . Writing to learn: a collaborative endeavour . Innovations in Education and Training International , 36 : 137 – 144 .
- SQUIRES , G. 1987 . “ Education for adults ” . In Culture and Processes of Adult Learning , Edited by: THORPE , M. , EDWARDS , R. and HANSON , A. London : Routledge .
- TAYLOR , M. 1987 . “ Self-directed learning: more than meets the observer's eye ” . In Appreciating Adults Learning: from Ae learner's Perspective , Edited by: BOUD , D. and GRIFFIN , V. London : Kogan Page .
- UNIVERSITIES ' AND COLLEGES' STAFF DEVELOPMENT AGENCY . 1995 . Effective Learning and Teaching in Higher Education: a resource guide , Sheffield : UCoSDA .
- USHER , R. and BRYANT , I. 1987 . Re-examining the theory-practice relationship in continuing professional education . Studies in Higher Education , 12 : 201 – 212 .
- WILLIAMS , M. and BURDEN , R. 1997 . Psychology for Language Teachers , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
- WISKER , G. 2000 . A clearing in the bush: teaching South African women's writing . Innovations in Education and Training International , 37 : 270 – 285 .
Exploring the 'Black Box' of Process: A comparison of theoretical notions of the 'adult learner' with accounts of postgraduate learning experience
Reprints and Corporate Permissions
Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?
To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:
Academic Permissions
Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?
Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:
If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.
Related research
People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.
Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.
Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.