Day-of-hatch vaccination is not protective against necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens

References

• Cooper , K.K. , Trinh , H.T. and Songer , J.G. 2009 . Immunization with recombinant alpha toxin partially protects broiler chicks against experimental challenge with Clostridium perfringens . Veterinary Microbiology , 133 : 92 – 97 . doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2008.06.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crouch , C.F. , Withanage , G.S. , de Haas , V. , Etore , F. and Francis , M.J. 2010 . Safety and efficacy of a maternal vaccine for the passive protection of broiler chicks against necrotic enteritis . Avian Pathology , 39 : 489 – 497 . doi: 10.1080/03079457.2010.517513
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gholamiandehkordi , A.R. , Timbermont , L. , Lanckriet , A. , Van Den Broeck , W. , Pedersen , K. , Dewulf , J. , Pasmans , F. , Haesebrouck , F. , Ducatelle , R. and Van Immerseel , F. 2007 . Quantification of gut lesions in a subclinical necrotic enteritis model . Avian Pathology , 36 : 375 – 382 . doi: 10.1080/03079450701589118
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gholamiandekhordi , A.R. , Ducatelle , R. , Heyndrickx , M. , Haesebrouck , F. and Van Immerseel , F. 2006 . Molecular and phenotypical characterization of Clostridium perfringens isolates from poultry flocks with different disease status . Veterinary Microbiology , 113 : 143 – 152 . doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2005.10.023
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jang , S.I. , Lillehoj , H.S. , Lee , S.H. , Lee , K.W. , Lillehoj , E.P. , Hong , Y.H. , An , D.J. , Jeong , W. , Chun , J.E. , Bertrand , F. , Dupuis , L. , Deville , S. and Arous , J.B. 2012 . Vaccination with Clostridium perfringens recombinant proteins in combination with Montanide ISA 71 VG adjuvant increases protection against experimental necrotic enteritis in commercial broiler chickens . Vaccine , 30 : 5401 – 5406 . doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.06.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jerzsele , A. , Szeker , K. , Csizinszky , R. , Gere , E. , Jakab , C. , Mallo , J.J. and Galfi , P. 2012 . Efficacy of protected sodium butyrate, a protected blend of essential oils, their combination, and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens spore suspension against artificially induced necrotic enteritis in broilers . Poultry Science , 91 : 837 – 843 . doi: 10.3382/ps.2011-01853
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang , Y. , Kulkarni , R.R. , Parreira , V.R. and Prescott , J.F. 2009 . Immunization of broiler chickens against Clostridium perfringens-induced necrotic enteritis using purified recombinant immunogenic proteins . Avian Diseases , 53 : 409 – 415 . doi: 10.1637/8656-021109-Reg.1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones , R.G. , Liu , Y. , Rigsby , P. and Sesardic , D. 2008 . An improved method for development of toxoid vaccines and antitoxins . Journal of Immunological Methods , 337 : 42 – 48 . doi: 10.1016/j.jim.2008.05.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaldhusdal , M. , Scneitz , C. , Hofshagen , M. and Skjerve , E. 2001 . Reduced incidence of Clostridium perfringens-associated lesions and improved performance in broiler chickens treated with normal intestinal bacterial from adult fowl . Avian Diseases , 45 : 149 – 156 . doi: 10.2307/1593022
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keyburn , A.L. , Sheedy , S.A. , Ford , M.E. , Williamson , M.M. , Awad , M.M. , Rood , J.I. and Moore , R.J. 2006 . Alpha-toxin of Clostridium perfringens is not an essential virulence factor in necrotic enteritis in chickens . Infection and Immunity , 74 : 6496 – 6500 . doi: 10.1128/IAI.00806-06
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kulkarni , R.R. , Parreira , V.R. , Sharif , S. and Prescott , J.F. 2006 . Clostridium perfringens antigens recognized by broiler chickens immune to necrotic enteritis . Clinical and Vaccine Immunology , 13 : 1358 – 1362 . doi: 10.1128/CVI.00292-06
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kulkarni , R.R. , Parreira , V.R. , Sharif , S. and Prescott , J.F. 2007 . Immunization of broiler chickens against Clostridium perfringens-induced necrotic enteritis . Clinical and Vaccine Immunology , 14 : 1070 – 1077 . doi: 10.1128/CVI.00162-07
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kulkarni , R.R. , Parreira , V.R. , Sharif , S. and Prescott , J.F. 2008 . Oral immunization of broiler chickens against necrotic enteritis with an attenuated Salmonella vaccine vector expressing Clostridium perfringens antigens . Vaccine , 26 : 4194 – 4203 . doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.05.079
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lanckriet , A. , Timbermont , L. , De Gussem , M. , Marien , M. , Vancraeynest , D. , Haesebrouck , F. , Ducatelle , R. and Van Immerseel , F. 2010a . The effect of commonly used anticoccidials and antibiotics in a subclinical necrotic enteritis model . Avian Pathology , 39 : 63 – 68 . doi: 10.1080/03079450903505771
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lanckriet , A. , Timbermont , L. , Eeckhaut , V. , Haesebrouck , F. , Ducatelle , R. and Van Immerseel , F. 2010b . Variable protection after vaccination of broiler chickens against necrotic enteritis using supernatants of different Clostridium perfringens strains . Vaccine , 28 : 5920 – 5923 . doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.06.035
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee , K.W. , Lillehoj , H.S. , Jeong , W. , Jeoung , H.Y. and An , D.J. 2011 . Avian necrotic enteritis: experimental models, host immunity, pathogenesis, risk factors, and vaccine development . Poultry Science , 90 : 1381 – 1390 . doi: 10.3382/ps.2010-01319
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lensing , M. , van der Klis , J.D. , Fabri , T. , Cazemier , A. and Else , A.J. 2010 . Efficacy of a lactylate on production performance and intestinal health of broilers during a subclinical Clostridium perfringens infection . Poultry Science , 89 : 2401 – 2409 . doi: 10.3382/ps.2010-00942
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lovland , A. , Kaldhusdal , M. , Redhead , K. , Skjerve , E. and Lillehaug , A. 2004 . Maternal vaccination against subclinical necrotic enteritis in broilers . Avian Pathology , 33 : 81 – 90 . doi: 10.1080/0379450310001636255
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mast , J. and Goddeeris , B.M. 1999 . Development of immunocompetence of broiler chickens . Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology , 70 : 245 – 256 . doi: 10.1016/S0165-2427(99)00079-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Metz , B. , Kersten , G.F. , Hoogerhout , P. , Brugghe , H.F. , Timmermans , H.A.M. , de Jong , A. , Meiring , H. , ten Hove , J. , Hennink , W.E. , Crommelin , D.J.A. and Jiskoot , W. 2004 . Identification of formaldehyde-induced modifications in proteins . The Journal of Biological Chemistry , 8 : 6235 – 6243 .
   Google Scholar
• Nencioni , L. , Volpini , G. , Peppoloni , S. , Bugnoli , M. , De Magistris , T. , Marsili , I. and Rappuoli , R. 1991 . Properties of pertussis toxin mutant PT-9K/129G after formaldehyde treatment . Infection and Immunity , 59 : 625 – 630 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Petre , J. , Pizza , M. , Nencioni , L. , Podda , A. , De Magistris , M.T. and Rappuoli , R. 1996 . The reaction of bacterial toxins with formaldehyde and its use for antigen stabilization . Developments in Biological Standardization , 87 : 125 – 134 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Saleh , N. , Fathalla , S.I. , Nabil , R. and Mosaad , A.A. 2011 . Clinicopathological and immunological studies on toxoids vaccine as a successful alternative in controlling clostridial infection in broilers . Anaerobe , 17 : 426 – 430 . doi: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2011.04.019
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thanissery , R. , McReynolds , J.L. , Conner , D.E. , Macklin , K.S. , Curtis , P.A. and Fasina , Y.O. 2010 . Evaluation of the efficacy of yeast extract in reducing intestinal Clostridium perfringens levels in broiler chickens . Poultry Science , 89 : 2380 – 2388 . doi: 10.3382/ps.2010-00879
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thaysen-Andersen , M. , Jorgensen , S.B. , Wilhelmsen , E.S. , Petersen , J.W. and Hojrup , P. 2007 . Investigation of the detoxification mechanism of formaldehyde-treated tetanus toxin . Vaccine , 25 : 2213 – 2227 . doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.12.033
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson , D.R. , Parreira , V.R. , Kulkarni , R.R. and Prescott , J.F. 2006 . Live attenuated vaccine-based control of necrotic enteritis of broiler chickens . Veterinary Microbiology , 113 : 25 – 34 . doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2005.10.015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Timbermont , L. , Lanckriet , A. , Dewulf , J. , Nollet , N. , Schwarzer , K. , Haesebrouck , F. , Ducatelle , R. and Van Immerseel , F. 2010 . Control of Clostridium perfringens-induced necrotic enteritis in broilers by target-released butyric acid, fatty acids and essential oils . Avian Pathology , 39 : 117 – 121 . doi: 10.1080/03079451003610586
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Timbermont , L. , Lanckriet , A. , Gholamiandehkordi , A.R. , Pasmans , F , Martel , A. , Haesebrouck , F. , Ducatelle , R. and Van Immerseel , F. 2009 . Origin of Clostridium perfringens isolates determines the ability to induce necrotic enteritis in broilers . Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases , 32 : 503 – 512 . doi: 10.1016/j.cimid.2008.07.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ulmer-Franco , A.M. , Cherian , G. , Quezada , N. , Fasenko , G.M. and McMullen , L.M. 2012 . Hatching egg and newly hatched chick yolk sac total IgY content at 3 broiler breeder flock ages . Poultry Science , 91 : 758 – 764 . doi: 10.3382/ps.2011-01757
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Immerseel , F. , Rood , J.I. , Moore , R.J. and Titball , R.W. 2009 . Rethinking our understanding of the pathogenesis of necrotic enteritis in chickens . Trends in Microbiology , 17 : 32 – 36 . doi: 10.1016/j.tim.2008.09.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zekarias , B. , Mo , H. and Curtiss , R. 3rd . 2008 . Recombinant attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium expressing the carboxy-terminal domain of alpha toxin from Clostridium perfringens induces protective responses against necrotic enteritis in chickens . Clinical and Vaccine Immunology , 15 : 805 – 816 . doi: 10.1128/CVI.00457-07
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar