In vivo screening of five phytochemicals/extracts and a fungal immunomodulatory protein against colibacillosis in broilers

References

• Allen , P.C. 2003 . Dietary supplementation with Echinacea and development of immunity to challenge infection with coccidia . Parasitology Research , 91 : 74 – 78 . doi: 10.1007/s00436-003-0938-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allen , P.C. , Danforth , H.D. and Augustine , P.C. 1998 . Dietary modulation of avian coccidiosis . International Journal for Parasitology , 28 : 1131 – 1140 . doi: 10.1016/S0020-7519(98)00029-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ask , B. , van der Waaij , E.H. , van Eck , J.H.H. , van Aarendonk , J.A.M. and Stegeman , J.A. 2006 . Defining susceptibility of broiler chicks to colibacillosis . Avian Pathology , 35 : 147 – 153 . doi: 10.1080/03079450600597998
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Augustine , P.C. , McNaughton , J.L. , Virtanen , E. and Rosi , L. 1997 . Effect of betaine on the growth performance of chicks inoculated with mixed cultures of avian Eimeria species and on invasion and development of Eimeria tenella and Eimeria acervulina in vivo and in vitro . Poultry Science , 79 : 802 – 809 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnes , J. , Anderson , L.A. , Gibbons , S. and Phillipson , J.D. 2005 . Echinacea species (Echinacea angustifolia (DC.) Hell., Echinacea pallida (Nutt.) Nutt., Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench): a review of their chemistry, pharmacology, and clinical properties . Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology , 57 : 929 – 954 . doi: 10.1211/0022357056127
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bauer , R. and Remiger , P. 1989 . TLC and HPLC analysis of alkamides in Echinacea drugs . Planta Medica , 55 : 367 – 371 . doi: 10.1055/s-2006-962030
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen , P. 2006 . Development and validation of a high-throughput based on liquid chromatography with ultraviolet absorption and mass spectrometry detection method for quantitation of cichoric acid in Echinacea purpurea aerial-based dietary supplements . Journal of AOAC International , 89 : 612 – 618 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cowan , M.M. 1999 . Plant products as antimicrobial agents . Clinical Microbiological Reviews , 12 : 564 – 582 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cravotto , G. , Boffa , L. , Genzini , L. and Garella , D. 2009 . Phytotherapeutics: an evaluation of the potential of 1000 plants . Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics , 35 : 11 – 48 . doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2710.2009.01096.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dalloul , R.A. , Lillehoj , H.S. , Lee , J.S. , Lee , S.H. and Chung , K.S. 2006 . Immunopotentiating effect of a Formitella fraxinea-derived lectin on chicken immunity and resistance to coccidiosis . Poultry Science , 85 : 446 – 451 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dreywood , R. 1946 . Qualitative test for carbohydrate material. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry . Analytical Edition , 18 : 499 – 499 . doi: 10.1021/i560156a015
   Google Scholar
• Dwars , R.M. , Matthijs , M.G.R. , Daemen , A.J.J.M. , van Eck , J.H.H. , Vervelde , L. and Landman , W.J.M. 2009 . Progression of lesions in the respiratory tract of broilers after single infection with Escherichia coli compared to superinfection with E. coli after infection with infectious bronchitis virus . Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology , 127 : 65 – 76 . doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.09.019
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eklund , M. , Bauer , E. , Wamatu , J. and Mosenthin , R. 2005 . Potential nutritional and physiological functions of betaine in livestock . Nutrition Research Reviews , 18 : 31 – 48 . doi: 10.1079/NRR200493
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• European Pharmacopoeia . ( 2010a ). Purple coneflower root; Echinaceae purpureae radix. Monograph no. 01/2008:1824 corrected 6 . 0 6th edition 2010 (6.8) . EDQM Council of Europe , Strasbourg , , France .
   Google Scholar
• European Pharmacopoeia . ( 2010b ). Oregano; Origani herba. Monograph no. 07/2010:1880 6th edition (6.8) . EDQM Council of Europe , Strasbourg , , France .
   Google Scholar
• European Pharmacopoeia . ( 2010c ). Turmeric, Javanese; Curcumae xanthorrhizae rhizoma. Monograph no. 01/2008:1441 6th edition 2010 (6.8) . EDQM Council of Europe , Strasbourg , , France .
   Google Scholar
• Fetterer , R.H. , Augustine , P.C. , Allen , P.C. and Barfield , R.C. 2003 . The effect of dietary betaine on intestinal and plasma levels of betaine in uninfected and coccidia-infected broiler chicks . Parasitology Research , 90 : 343 – 348 . doi: 10.1007/s00436-003-0864-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giannenas , I. , Florou-Paneri , P. , Papazahariadou , M. , Christaki , E. , Botsoglou , N.A. and Spais , A.B. 2003 . Effect of dietary supplementation with oregano essential oil on performance of broilers after experimental infection with Eimeria tenella . Archives of Animal Nutrition , 57 : 99 – 106 . doi: 10.1080/0003942031000107299
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo , F.C. , Kwakkel , R.P. , Williams , B.A. , Paramentier , H.K. , Li , W.K. , Yang , Z.Q. and Verstegen , M.W. 2004 . Effects of mushroom and herb polysaccharides on cellular and humoral immune responses of E. tenella-infected chickens . Poultry Science , 83 : 1124 – 1132 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo , F.C. , Kwakkel , R.P. , Williams , B.A. , Suo , X. , Li , W.K. and Verstegen , M.W.A. 2005 . Coccidiosis immunization: effects of mushroom and herb polysaccharides on immune responses of chickens with Eimeria tenella . Avian Diseases , 49 : 70 – 73 . doi: 10.1637/7227-062504R1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gyles , C.L. 2008 . Antimicrobial resistance in selected bacteria from poultry . Animal Health Research Reviews , 9 : 149 – 158 . doi: 10.1017/S1466252308001552
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Huff , G.R. , Huff , W.E. , Rath , N.C. and Tellez , G. 2006 . Limited treatment with beta 1,3/1,6-glucan improves production values of broiler chickens challenged with E. coli . Poultry Science , 85 : 613 – 618 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ISO 7402 1985 . Microbiology – General Guidance for the Enumeration of Enterobacteriaceae without Resuscitation – MPN Technique and Colony Count Technique , 1st edn . Geneva : International Standard Organization .
   Google Scholar
• Kino , K. , Yamashita , A. , Yamaoka , K. , Watanabe , J. , Tanaka , S. , Ko , K. , Shimizu , K. and Tsunoo , H. 1989 . Isolation and characterization of a new immunomodulatory protein, ling zhi-8 (LZ-8), from Ganoderma lucidum . Journal of Biological Chemistry , 264 : 472 – 478 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klasing , K.C. , Adler , K.L. , Remus , J.C. and Calvert , C.C. 2002 . Dietary betaine increases intraepithelial lymphocytes in the duodenum of coccidial-infected chicks and increases functional properties of phagocytes . Journal of Nutrition , 132 : 2274 – 2282 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KNMvD . 2012 . Koninklijke Nederlandse Maatschappij voor Diergeneeskunde (Royal Dutch Veterinary Association). Formularium pluimvee (formulary for poultry), version 31 July 2012. http://www.knmvd.nl/wvab/formularia/formularia .
   Google Scholar
• Li , Q.Z. , Wang , X.F. and Zhou , X.W. 2011 . Recent status and prospects of the fungal immunomodulatory protein family . Critical Reviews in Biotechnology , 31 : 365 – 375 . doi: 10.3109/07388551.2010.543967
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liang , C. , Zhang , S. , Liu , Z. and Sun , F. 2009 . Ganodema lucidum immunomodulatory protein (Lz-8) expressed in Pichia pastoris and the identification of immunocompetence . Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao , 25 : 441 – 447 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Maran reports . ( 2002–2009 ). Monitoring of antimicrobial resistance and antibiotic usage in animals in the Netherlands. Retrieved from http://www.cvi.wur.nl/UK/publications/otherpublications/maran/
   Google Scholar
• Markova , N. , Kussovski , V. , Drandarska , I. , Nikolaeva , S. , Georgieva , N. and Radoucheva , T. 2003 . Protective activity of Lentinan in experimental tuberculosis . International Immunopharmacology , 3 : 1557 – 1562 . doi: 10.1016/S1567-5769(03)00178-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matthews , J.O. and Southern , L.L. 2000 . The effect of dietary betaine in Eimeria acervulina infected chicks . Poultry Science , 79 : 60 – 65 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matthews , J.O. , Ward , T.L. and Southern , L.L. 1997 . Interactive effects of betaine and monensin in uninfected and Eimeria acervulina-infected chicks . Poultry Science , 76 : 1014 – 1019 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matthijs , M.G.R. , van Eck , J.H.H. , Landman , W.J.M. and Stegeman , J.A. 2003 . Ability of Massachusetts-type infectious bronchitis virus to increase colibacillosis susceptibility in commercial broilers: a comparison between vaccine and virulent field virus . Avian Pathology , 32 : 473 – 481 . doi: 10.1080/0307945031000154062
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McManus , J.P. , Davis , K.G. , Beart , J.E. , Gaffney , S.H. , Lilley , T.H. & Haslam , E. 1985 . Polyphenol interactions. Part I. Introduction: some observations on the reversible complexation with proteins and polysaccharides . Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions II, (9) , 1429 – 1438 . doi: 10.1039/p29850001429
   Google Scholar
• OU , C.C. , Hsiao , Y.M. , Wang , W.H. , Ko , J.L. and Lin , M.Y. 2009 . Stability of fungal immunomodulatory protein, FIP-gts and FIP-fve, in IFN-gamma production . Food and Agricultural Immunology , 20 : 319 – 332 . doi: 10.1080/09540100903247688
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peek , H.W. 2010 . Resistance to anticoccidial drugs: alternatives strategies to control coccidiosis in broilers . PhD thesis, ISBN 978-90-393-5272-4. Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands .
   Google Scholar
• Persoons , D. , Dewulf , J. , Smet , A. , Herman , L. , Heyndrickx , M. , Martel , A. , Catry , B. , Butaye , P. and Haesebrouck , F. 2010 . Prevalence and persistence of antimicrobial resistance in broiler indicator bacteria . Microbial Drug Resistance , 16 : 67 – 74 . doi: 10.1089/mdr.2009.0062
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singleton , V.L. , Orthofer , R. and Lamuela-Raventós , R.M. 1999 . Analysis of total phenols and other oxidation substrates and antioxidants by means of Folin-Ciocalteu reagent . Methods in Enzymology , 299 : 152 – 178 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith , N.C. and Ovington , K.S. 1996 . The effect of BCG, zymosan and Coxiella burnetti extract on Eimeria infections . Immunology and Cell Biology , 74 : 346 – 348 . doi: 10.1038/icb.1996.61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sokovic , M. , Glamoclija , J. , Marin , P.D. , Brkic , D. and van Griensven , L.J.L.D. 2010 . Antibacterial effects of the essentials oils of commonly consumed medicinal herbs using an in vitro model . Molecules , 15 : 7532 – 7546 . doi: 10.3390/molecules15117532
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Storey , R. and Wyn Jones , R.G.W . 1977 . Quaternary ammonium compounds in plants in relation to salt resistance . Phytochemistry , 16 : 447 – 453 . doi: 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)94326-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stuyven , E. , Cox , E. , Vancaeneghem , S. , Arnouts , S. , Deprez , P. and Goddeeris , B.M. 2009 . Effect of ß-glucans on an ETEC infection in piglets . Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology , 128 : 60 – 66 . doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.10.311
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tomassen , M.M.M. , Hendrix , E.A.H.J. , Sonnenberg , A.S.M. , Wichers , H.J. & Mes , J.J. 2011 . Variation of bioactive lentinan-containing preparations in Lentinula edodes strains and stored products . Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Mushroom Biology and Mushroom Products (ICMBMP7) (pp. 259 – 267 ). Belgrade , Serbia .
   Google Scholar
• User's manual Statistix 8.2 for Windows®. [Computer software] . 2010 . Tallhassee , FL : Analytical Software .
   Google Scholar
• Van Eck , J.H.H. and Goren , E. 1991 . An Ulster 2C strain derived Newcastle disease vaccine: vaccinal reaction in comparison with other lentogenic Newcastle disease vaccines . Avian Pathology , 20 : 497 – 507 . doi: 10.1080/03079459108418787
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Velkers , F.C. , teLoo , A.J.H. , Madin , F. and van Eck , J.H.H. 2005 . Isopathic and pluralist homeopathic treatment of commercial broilers with experimentally induced colibacillosis . Research in Veterinary Science , 78 : 77 – 83 . doi: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2004.06.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waldenstedt , L. , Elwinger , K. , Lunden , A. , Thebo , P. and Uggla , A. 1999 . Effect of betaine supplement on broiler performance during an experimental coccidial infection . Poultry Science , 78 : 182 – 189 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wall , J.S. , Christianson , D.D. , Dimler , R.J. and Senti , F.R. 1960 . Spectrophotometric determination of betaines and other quaternary nitrogen compounds as their periodides . Analytical Chemistry , 32 : 870 – 874 . doi: 10.1021/ac60163a044
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wichers , H.J. and Mes , J.J. 2011 . “ Immunomodulation by food: allergy mitigation by dietary components ” . In Food Allergies: Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatments , 1 ed. , Edited by: Rodgers , P.M. 79 – 94 . New York : Nova Science Publishers Inc., ISBN: 978-1-61728-748-0 .
   Google Scholar
• Windisch , W. , Schedle , K. , Plitzner , C. and Kroismayr , A. 2008 . Use of phytogenic products as feed additives for swine and poultry . Journal Animal Science , 86 : 40 – 148 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization . 2011 . Tackling Antibiotic Resistance from a Food Safety Perspective in Europe . Copenhagen : World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe . Retrieved from http://www.euro.who.int/en/what-we-publish/abstracts/tackling-antibiotic-resistance-from-a-food-safety-perspective-in-europe
   Google Scholar
• Xue , Q. , Ding , Y. , Shang , C. , Jiang , C. and Zhao , M. 2008 . Functional expression of LZ-8, a fungal immunomodulatory protein from Ganodema lucidum in Pichia pastoris . Journal of General and Applied Microbiology , 54 : 393 – 398 . doi: 10.2323/jgam.54.393
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yap , A.T. and Ng , M.L. 2001 . An improved method for the isolation of lentinan from the edible and medicinal shiitake mushroom, Lentinus edodes (Berk.) Sing. (Agaricomycetideae) . International Journal of medicinal mushrooms , 3 : 9 – 19 . doi: 10.1615/IntJMedMushr.v3.i1.20
   Google Scholar
• Yun , C.H. , Estrada , A. , Van Kessel , A. , Park , B.C. and Laarveld , B. 2003 . Beta-glucan, extracted from oat, enhances disease resistance against bacterial and parasitic infections . FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology , 35 : 67 – 75 . doi: 10.1016/S0928-8244(02)00460-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou , L.D. , Zhang , Q.H. , Zhang , Y. , Liu , J. and Cao , Y.M. 2009 . The shiitake mushroom-derived immuno-stimulant lentinan protects against murine malaria blood-stage infection by evoking adaptive immune-responses . International Immunopharmacology , 9 : 455 – 462 . doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2009.01.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar