Pathology caused by three species of Eimeria that infect the turkey with a description of a scoring system for intestinal lesions

References

• Abd El-Wahab, A., Visscher, C.F., Wolken, S., Reperant, L.M., Beineke, A., Beyerbach, M. & Kamphues, J. (2013). Outcome of an artificial coccidial infection in poults under the influence of floor heating. Poultry Science, 92, 629–637.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chapman, H.D. (2008). Coccidiosis in the turkey. Avian Pathology, 37, 205–223. doi: 10.1080/03079450802050689
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chapman, H.D., Roberts, B., Shirley, M.W. & Williams, R.B. (2005). Guidelines for evaluating the efficacy and safety of live anticoccidial vaccines, and obtaining approval for their use in chickens and turkeys. Avian Pathology, 34, 279–290. doi: 10.1080/03079450500178378
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clarkson, M.J. (1958). Life history and pathogenicity of Eimeria adenoeides Moore and Brown, 1951, in the turkey poult. Parasitology, 48, 70–88. doi: 10.1017/S0031182000021065
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clarkson, M.J. (1959). The life history and pathogenicity of Eimeria meleagrimitis Tyzzer, 1929, in the turkey poult. Parasitology, 49, 70–82. doi: 10.1017/S0031182000026718
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clarkson, M.J. & Gentles, M.A. (1958). Coccidiosis in turkeys. Veterinary Record, 70, 211–214.
   Google Scholar
• Conway, D.P., McKenzie, M.E. & Dayton, A.D. (1990). Relationship of coccidial lesion scores and weight gain in infections of Eimeria acervulina, E. maxima and E. tenella in broilers. Avian Pathology, 19, 489–496. doi: 10.1080/03079459008418702
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edgar, S.A. (1986). Coccidiosis in Turkeys: Biology and Incidence. In L.R. McDougald, L.P. Joyner & P.L. Long (Eds.), Research in Avian coccidiosis, Proceedings of the Georgia Coccidiosis Conference, 1985 (pp. 116–123). Athens: University of Georgia.
   Google Scholar
• El-Sherry, S., Ogedengbe, M.E., Hafeez, M.A., Sayf-AI-Din, M., Gad, N. & Barta, J.R. (2014a). Re-description of a genetically typed, single oocyst line of the turkey coccidium, Eimeria adenoeides Moore and Brown, 1951. Parasitology Research, 113, 3993–4004. doi: 10.1007/s00436-014-4066-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El-Sherry, S., Rathinam, T., Hafeez, M.A., Ogedengbe, M.E., Chapman, H.D. & Barta, J.R. (2014b). Biological re-description of a genetically typed, single oocyst line of the turkey coccidium Eimeria meleagrimitis Tyzzer 1929. Parasitology Research, 113, 1135–1146. doi: 10.1007/s00436-014-3751-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El-Sherry, S., Ogedengbe, M.E., Hafeez, M.A., Sayf-Al-Din, M., Gad, N. & Barta, J.R. (2015). Sequence-based genotyping clarifies conflicting historical morphometric and biological data for 5 Eimeria species infecting turkeys. Poultry Science, 1–11.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El-Sherry, S., Ogedengbe, M.E., Hafeez, M.A., Sayf-Al-Din, M., Gad, N. & Barta, J.R. (2019). Cecal coccidiosis in turkeys: comparative biology of Eimeria species in the lower intestinal tract of turkeys using genetically typed, single oocyst-derived lines. Parasitology Research, 118, 583–598. doi: 10.1007/s00436-018-6147-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farr, M.M., Wehr, E.E. & Shalkop, W.T. (1961). Pathogenicity of E. gallopavonis. The Virginia Journal of Science, 12, 150–151.
   Google Scholar
• FASS. (2010). Guide for the Care and Use of Agricultural Animals in Agricultural Research and Teaching 3rd edn. Champaign, IL: Federation of Animal Science Societies.
   Google Scholar
• Hawkins, P.A. (1952). Coccidiosis in turkeys. Technical Bulletin 226. Michigan State College Agricultural Experiment Station, East Lansing, MI.
   Google Scholar
• Hein, H. (1969). Eimeria adenoeides and E. meleagrimitis: pathogenic effect in turkey poults. Experimental Parasitology, 24, 163–170. doi: 10.1016/0014-4894(69)90153-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holdsworth, P.A., Conway, D.P., McKenzie, M.E., Dayton, A.D., Chapman, H.D., Mathis, G.F., Skinner, J.T., Mundt, H.-C. & Williams, R.B. (2004). World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (WAAVP) guidelines for evaluating the efficacy of anticoccidial drugs in chickens and turkeys. Veterinary Parasitology, 121, 189–212. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.03.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson, J. & Reid, W.M. (1970). Anticoccidial drugs: lesion scoring techniques in battery and floor-pen experiments with chickens. Experimental Parasitology, 28, 30–36. doi: 10.1016/0014-4894(70)90063-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joyner, L.P. (1973). Coccidiosis in turkeys and its control. Folia Veterinaria Latina, 3, 110–123.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lund, E.E. & Farr, M.M. (1965). Coccidiosis of the Turkey. In H.E. Biester & L.H. Schwarte (Eds.), Diseases of Poultry 5th edn (pp. 1088–1093). Ames: Iowa State University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Mathis, G.F. (1993). Toxicity and acquisition of immunity to coccidia in turkeys medicated with anticoccidials. The Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 2, 239–244. doi: 10.1093/japr/2.3.239
   Google Scholar
• Moore, E.N. & Brown, J.A. (1951). A new coccidium pathogenic for turkeys, Eimeria adenoeides n. sp. (protozoa: Eimeriidae). The Cornell Veterinarian, 41, 124–135.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• NRC. (1994). Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. 9th rev. edn. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
   Google Scholar
• Rathinam, T., Gadde, U. & Chapman, H.D. (2015). Molecular detection of field isolates of turkey Eimeria by polymerase chain reaction amplification of the cytochrome c oxidase I gene. Parasitology Research, 114, 2795–2799. doi: 10.1007/s00436-015-4546-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reid, W.M. (1972). Turkey. In M.S. Hofstad, B.W. Calnek, C.F. Helmboldt, W.M. Reid & H.W. Yoder (Eds.), Diseases of Poultry 6th edn (pp. 977–986). Ames: Iowa State University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Shirley, M.W. (1995). Eimeria Species and Strains of Chicken. In J. Eckert, R. Brown, M.W. Shirley & P. Coudert (Eds.), Guidelines on Techniques in Coccidiosis Research (pp. 1–24). Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.
   Google Scholar
• Shirley, M.W. & Harvey, D.A. (1996). Eimeria tenella: infection with a single sporocyst gives a clonal population. Parasitology, 112, 523–528. doi: 10.1017/S0031182000066099
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vrba, V. & Pakandl, M. (2014). Coccidia of turkey: from isolation, characterisation and comparison to molecular phylogeny and molecular diagnostics. International Journal for Parasitology, 44, 985–1000. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2014.06.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wehr, E.E., Fahr, M.M. & Shalkop, W.T. (1962). Studies on pathogenicity of Eimeria gallopavonis to turkeys. Journal of Protozoology, 9, 8–9.
   Google Scholar