First detection of avian metapneumovirus subtype C Eurasian lineage in a Eurasian wigeon (Mareca penelope) wintering in Northeastern Italy: an additional hint on the role of migrating birds in the viral epidemiology

References

• Atkinson, P.W., Clark, J.A., Delany, S., Diagana, C.H., du Feu, C., Fiedler, W., Fransson, T., Gaulthier-Clerc, M., Grantham, M.J., Gschweng, M., Hagemeijer, W., Helmink, T., Johnson, A., Khomenko, S., Martakis, G., Overdijk, O., Robinson, R.A., Solokha, A., Spina, F., Sylla, S.I., Veen, J. & Visser, D. (2006). Urgent preliminary assessment of ornithological data relevant to the spread of Avian Influenza in Europe. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/conservation/wildbirds/birdflue/docs/rep_spread_avian_influenza_report.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Atkinson, P.W., Robinson, R.A., Clark, J.A., Miyar, T., Downie, I.S., du Feu, C.R., Fiedler, W., Fransson, T., Grantham, M.J., Gschweng, M., Spina, F. & Crick, H.Q.P. (2007). Migratory movements of waterfowl: a web-based mapping tool. EURING report to the EU Commission. Retrieved from http://blx1.bto.org/ai-eu/
   Google Scholar
• Bäyon-Auboyer, M.H., Arnauld, C., Toquin, D. & Eterradossi, N. (2000). Nucleotide sequences of the F, L and G protein genes of two non-A/non-B avian pneumoviruses (APV) reveal a novel APV subtype. Journal of General Virology, 81, 2723–2733.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bennett, R.S., McComb, B., Shin, H.J., Njenga, M.K., Nagaraja, K.V. & Halvorson, D.A. (2002). Detection of avian pneumovirus in wild Canada (Branta canadensis) and blue-winged teal (Anas discors) geese. Avian Diseases, 46, 1025–1029.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bennett, R.S., Nezworski, J., Velayudhan, B.T., Nagaraja, K.V., Zeman, D.H., Dyer, N., Graham, T., Lauer, D.C., Njenga, M.K. & Halvorson, D.A. (2004). Evidence of avian pneumovirus spread beyond Minnesota among wild and domestic birds in central North America. Avian Diseases, 48, 902–908.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown, P.A., Allée, C., Courtillon, C., Szerman, N., Lemaitre, E., Toquin, D., Mangart, J.M., Amelot, M. & Eterradossi, N. (2019). Host specificity of avian metapneumoviruses. Avian Pathology, 48, 311–318.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown, P.A., Lemaitre, E., Briand, F.X., Courtillon, C., Guionie, O., Allée, C., Toquin, D., Bayon-Auboyer, M.-H., Jestin, V. & Eterradossi, N. (2014). Molecular comparisons of full length metapneumovirus (MPV) genomes, including newly determined French AMPV-C and -D isolates, further supports possible subclassification within the MPV genus. PLoS One, 9, e102740.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buys, S.B. & du Preez, J.H. (1980). A preliminary report on the isolation of a virus causing sinusitis in turkeys in South Africa and attempts to attenuate the virus. Turkeys, 36, 56.
   Google Scholar
• Cannon, R.M. & Roe, R.T. (1982). Livestock disease surveys. A field manual for veterinarians. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service.
   Google Scholar
• Canuti, M., Kroyer, A., Ojkic, D., Whitney, H.G., Robertson, G.J. & Lang, A.S. (2019). Discovery and characterization of novel RNA viruses in aquatic North American wild birds. Viruses, 11, 768.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Catelli, E., Cecchinato, M., Delogu, M., De Matteo, P., Ortali, G., Franciosi, C., De Marco, M.A. & Naylor, C.J. (2004). Avian pneumovirus infection in turkey and broiler farms in Italy: a virological, molecular, and serological field survey. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 3, 287–292.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Catelli, E., Cecchinato, M., Savage, C.E., Jones, R.C. & Naylor, C.J. (2006). Demonstration of loss of attenuation and extended field persistence of a live avian metapneumovirus vaccine. Vaccine, 24, 6476–6482.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Catelli, E., De Marco, M.A., Delogu, M., Terregino, C. & Guberti, V. (2001). Serological evidence of avian pneumovirus infection in reared and free-living pheasants. Veterinary Record, 149, 56–57.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cecchinato, M., Lupini, C., Silveira, F., Listorti, V., Mescolini, G., Morandini, E., Franzo, G. & Catelli, E. (2018). Molecular characterization of avian metapneumovirus from guinea fowls (Numida meleagridis). Pakistan Veterinary Journal, 38, 419–423.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cha, R.M., Qingzhong, Y. & Zsak, L. (2013). The pathogenicity of avian metapneumovirus subtype C wild bird isolates in domestic turkeys. Virology Journal, 38, 1–8.
   Google Scholar
• Chomczynski, P. & Sacchi, N. (1987). Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction. Analytical Biochemistry, 162, 156–159.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Curland, N., Gethöffer, F., van Neer, A., Ziegler, L., Heffels-Redmann, U., Lierz, M., Baumgärtner, W., Wohlsein, P., Völker, I., Lapp, S., Bello, A., Pfankuche, V.M., Braune, S., Runge, M., Moss, A., Rautenschlein, S., Jung, A., Teske, L., Strube, C., Schulz, J., Bodewes, R., Osterhaus, A.D.M.E. & Siebert, U. (2018). Investigation into diseases in free-ranging ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) in northwestern Germany during population decline with special reference to infectious pathogens. European Journal of Wildlife Resources, 64, 1–12.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fair, J., Paul, E. & Jones, J. (2010). Guidelines to the use of wild birds in research. Washington, DC: Ornithological Council. Retrieved from https://birdnet.org/info-for-ornithologists/guidelines-english-3rd-edition-2010/
   Google Scholar
• Gaidet, N., Cappelle, J., Takekawa, J.Y., Prosser, J., Iverson, S.A., Douglas, D.C., Perry, W.M., Mundkur, T. & Newman, S.H. (2010). Potential spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 by wildfowl: dispersal ranges and rates determined from large-scale satellite telemetry. Journal of Applied Ecology, 47, 1147–1157.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gethöffer, F., Curland, N., Voigt, U., Woelfing, B., Ludwig, T., Heffels-Redmann, U., Hafez, H.M., Lierz, M. & Siebert, U. (2021). Seroprevalences of specific antibodies against avian pathogens in free-ranging ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) in Northwestern Germany. PLoS One, 16, e0255434.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall, T. & Carlsbad, C. (2011). Bioedit: an important software for molecular biology. GERF Bulletin of Biosciences, 2, 60–61.
   Google Scholar
• Jardine, C.M., Parmley, E.J., Buchanan, T., Nituch, L. & Ojkic, D. (2018). Avian metapneumovirus subtype C in wild waterfowl in Ontario, Canada. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, 65, 1098–1102.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones, R.C. (1996). Avian pneumovirus infection: questions still unanswered. Avian Pathology, 25, 639–648.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalyaanamoorthy, S., Minh, B.Q., Wong, T.K.F., von Haeseler, A. & Jermiin, L.S. (2017). Modelfinder: fast model selection for accurate phylogenetic estimates. Nature Methods, 14, 587–589.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katoh, K., Misawa, K., Kuma, K. & Miyata, T. (2002). MAFFT: a novel method for rapid multiple sequence alignment based on fast Fourier transform. Nucleic Acids Research, 30, 3059–3066.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krauss, S., Obert, C.A., Franks, J., Walker, D., Jones, K., Seiler, P., Niles, L., Pryor, S.P., Obenauer, J.C., Naeve, C.W., Widjaja, L., Webby, R.J. & Webster, R.G. (2007). Influenza in migratory birds and evidence of limited intercontinental virus exchange. PLoS Pathogens, 3, e167.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar, S., Stecher, G., Li, M., Knyaz, C. & Tamura, K. (2018). MEGA x: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis across computing platforms. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 35, 1547–1549.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Legnardi, M., Allée, C., Franzo, G., Cecchinato, M. & Brown, P. (2021). Detection of avian metapneumovirus subtype C specific antibodies in a mallard flock in Italy. Poultry Science, 100, 101186.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lemaitre, E., Allée, C., Vabret, A., Eterradossi, N. & Brown, P.A. (2018). Single reaction, real time RT-PCR detection of all known avian and human metapneumoviruses. Journal of Virological Methods, 251, 61–68.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Listorti, V., Lupini, C., Cecchinato, M., Pesente, P., Rossi, G., Giovanardi, D., Naylor, C.J. & Catelli, E. (2014). Rapid detection of subtype B avian metapneumoviruses using RT-PCR restriction endonuclease digestion indicates field circulation of vaccine-derived viruses in older turkeys. Avian Pathology, 43, 51–56.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lupini, C., Cecchinato, M., Ricchizzi, E., Naylor, C.J. & Catelli, E. (2011). A turkey rhinotracheitis outbreak caused by the environmental spread of a vaccine-derived avian metapneumovirus. Avian Pathology, 40, 525–530.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mescolini, G., Lupini, C., Franzo, G., Quaglia, G., Legnardi, M., Cecchinato, M., Tucciarone, C.M., Blanco, A., Turblin, V., Biarnés, M., Tatone, F., Falchieri, M. & Catelli, E. (2021). What is new on melecular characteristics of avian metapneumovirus strains circulating in Europe? Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, 68, 1314–1322.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qu, L., Liu, W., Yang, F., Hou, Z., Zheng, J., Xu, G. & Yang, N. (2009). Origin and domestication history of Peking ducks determined through microsatellite and mitochondrial marker analysis. Science in China. Series C, Life Sciences, 52, 1030–1035.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rautenschlein, S. (2020). Avian metapneumovirus. In D.E. Swayne, M. Boulianne, C.M. Logue, L.R. McDougald, V. Nair, D.L. Suarez, S. de Wit, T. Grimes, D. Johnson, M. Kromm, T.Y. Prajitno, I. Rubinoff & G. Zavala (Eds.), Diseases of poultry (pp. 135–143). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Retallack, H., Clubb, S. & DeRisi, J.L. (2019). Genome sequence of a divergent avian metapneumovirus from a monk parakeet (Myiopsitta monachus). Microbiology Resource Announcements, 8, e00284–19.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rima, B., Collins, P., Easton, A., Fouchier, R., Kurath, G., Lamb, R.A., Lee, B., Maisner, A., Rota, P., Wang, L. & ICTV Report Consortium (2017). ICTV virus taxonomy profile: Pneumoviridae. Journal of General Virology, 98, 2912–2913.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seal, B.S. (1998). Matrix protein gene nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequence demonstrate that the first US avian pneumovirus isolate is distinct from European strains. Virus Research, 58, 45–52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Senne, D., Edson, J.C. & Pederson, B.P. (1997). Avian pneumovirus update. In Proceedings of the 134th annual convention of the American Veterinary Medical Association (p. 190). Reno, Nevada.
   Google Scholar
• Shin, H.J., Njenga, M.K., McComb, B., Halvorson, D.A. & Nagaraja, K.V. (2000). Avian pneumovirus (APV) RNA from wild and sentinel birds in the United States has genetic homology with RNA from APV isolates from domestic turkeys. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 38, 4282–4284.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spina, F. & Volponi, S. (2008). Atlante della migrazione degli uccelli in italia: Non-passeriformi. Roma: Ministero dell’Ambiente e della Tutela del Territorio e del Mare, Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA).
   Google Scholar
• Sun, S., Chen, F., Cao, S., Liu, J., Lei, W., Li, G., Song, Y., Lu, J., Liu, C., Qin, J. & Li, H. (2014). Isolation and characterization of a subtype C avian metapneumovirus circulating in Muscovy ducks in China. Veterinary Research, 45, 1–13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toquin, D., Bäyon-Auboyer, M.H., Eterradossi, N., Jestin, V. & Morin, H. (1999). Isolation of a pneumovirus from a Muscovy duck. The Veterinary Record, 145, 680.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Toquin, D., Guionie, O., Jestin, V., Zwingelstein, F., Allee, C. & Eterradossi, N. (2006). European and American subtype C isolates of avian metapneumovirus belong to different genetic lineages. Virus Genes, 32, 97–103.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trifinopoulos, J., Nguyen, L.T., von Haeseler, A. & Minh, B.Q. (2016). W-IQ-TREE: a fast online phylogenetic tool for maximum likelihood analysis. Nucleic Acids Research, 44.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tucciarone, C.M., Franzo, G., Lupini, C., Torres Alejo, C., Listorti, V., Mescolini, G., Branão, P.E., Martini, M., Catelli, E. & Cecchinato, M. (2018). Avian metapneumovirus circulation in Italian broiler farms. Poultry Science, 97, 503–509.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turpin, E.A., Stallknecht, D.E., Slemons, R.D., Zsak, L. & Swayne, D.E. (2008). Evidence of avian metapneumovirus subtype C infection of wild birds in Georgia, South Carolina, Arkansas and Ohio, USA. Avian Pathology, 37, 343–351.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Boheemen, S., Bestebroer, T.M., Verhagen, J.H., Osterhaus, A.D.M.E., Pas, S.D., Herfst, S. & Fouchier, R.A. (2012). A family-wide RT-PCR assay for detection of paramyxoviruses and application to a large-scale surveillance study. PLoS One, 7, 1–9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Dijk, J.G., Hoye, B.J., Verhagen, J.H., Nolet, B.A., Fouchier, R.A. & Klaassen, M. (2014). Juveniles and migrants as drivers for seasonal epizootics of avian influenza virus. Journal of Animal Ecology, 83, 266–275.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yunus, A.S., Govindarajan, D., Huang, Z. & Samal, S.K. (2003). Deduced amino acid sequence of the small hydrophobic protein of US avian pneumovirus has greater identity with that of human metapneumovirus than those of non-US avian pneumoviruses. Virus Research, 93, 91–97.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar