References
References
- Goulielmos AM 1996 The role of Greek shipping and ports in the Greek–Italian short sea network, 3rd Conference, Short sea shipping Bergen Lloyds of London Press
- Gatzoli A 2003 The economics of the Greek–Italian coastal route, Ph.D. unpublished thesis, Dept of Maritime Studies, University of Piraeus
- Our personal impression from F/Bs Aretousa and Super Fast—which we have visited—was that the first was a coastal cruiser ship and the second was a luxurious coastal ship. Despite their high speeds—approaching 25 knots—the facilities inside the ship make passengers ‘forget’ the travel time and spend money inside the ship
- Instituto idrografico bella marina I Genoa 1965
- A certain percentage of idle capacity is allowed by naval architects, which sometimes acts as a competitive advantage. See [16]
- Georgandopoulos EA Vlachos G 2002 Maritime Economics 2nd edition Athens J & J Hellas
- Blauwens G De Baere P Van de Voorde E 2002 Transport Economics Antwerp Uitgeverij De Boeck
- A study made for Guyana's ferry boat system some years ago for the EU—carried out by one of the authors—revealed that the distance criterion has been applied in fares in a close correlation. Exception to this rule is the example of Italian railways where the longer the journey, the lower the rate charged, on the basis of regional economics(ibid. 7, p. 338). Italy, of course, had the duality of economic development in North and South
- Sutton J 1991 Sunk Costs and Market Structure: Price Competition, Advertising, and the Evolution of Concentration London MIT Press See also 16
- Ibid. 7, p. 85, who suggest the method of differential cost by which not only the common costs are calculated and allocated, but also the so called joint costs
- Ibid. 7., p. 86
- Ibid. 6., p. 552
- Ibid. 2
- Sambrakos E 1999 Transport Economics Athens Stamoulis Editions
- For the sake of completion of this argument, one must take into account the external competition that comes from railways, roads and airplanes
- Besanko D Dranove D Shanley M 1999 Economics of Strategy 2nd edition New York John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Also 3rd edition, 2004
- For exit a risk neutral firm profit maximizing will exit if the value of its assets in their best alternative use exceeds the present value from remaining in the market
- Ibid. 16, p. 207
- Ibid. 7, p. 86
- Ibid. 2, Appendix
- Families are offered special fares called supersavers to Ancona varying from €492 (2 adults + up to 2 children on one ticket in the low season) to €1212 (up to 4 adults on one ticket in high season. Also the School fares round trip vary from 40€ (Deck to Ancona) to 280€ (Bus to Venice). These are valid in 2003. Also Groups are offered tickets (Venice–Trieste) from €199 (up to 5 persons Deck +car low season) to €638 (4 adults high season in one ticket)
- Ibid. 6, p. 552
- Ibid. 14
- Ibid. 2
- The well-known celebrated rule of Hotteling–Lerner in: Hotteling, H. 1938 The General Welfare in Relation to Problems of Taxation and of Railway and Utility Rates Econometrica 6 3 242 269 The marginal cost pricing is understood to hold for the entire economy for as argued by Sambrakos [14] p. 153, otherwise the optimum allocation of resources is not realized
- Mishan , E . 1965 . Welfare criteria for external effects . American Economic Review , 51 ( 4 )
- Ibid. 14, p. 41
- Stubbs PC Jackson WJ Dalvi M 1980 Transport Economics London G. Allen & Unwin See p. 72
- Ibid. 14, p. 146
- Ibid. 7
- Ibid. pp. 427–428
- Goulielmos AM Sambrakos E 2002 Coastal Shipping and Short Sea Shipping Athens /Piraeus Stamoulis Editions
- Difficult to apply to transportation industries
- Frequently applied by transportation industries
- McDonald M Dunbar I 1995 Market Segmentation: A Step-by-Step Approach to Creating Profitable Market Segments London Macmillan Business
- Ibid. 16
- Ibid. 28, p. 72
- Athens Planning and Economics Center 1990 Economic Conditions that Prevail in Greek Coastal Shipping Union of Greek Coastal Shipowners Athens Greece
- Ibid
- Sambrakos E 2002 The Transportation Sector and Combined Goods Transportation Piraeus Special Editions SA
- Ibid. 2
- Pashigian BP 1995 Price Theory and Applications, McGraw Hill
- See 40, p. 157
- In effect it is neither enough to have our marketing activity as purely user driven, nor to base segmentation on company's capabilities or structure. See paper by Jenkins M McDonald MBH 1994 Defining and Segmenting Markets: Archetypes and Research Agendas, Cranfield University School of Management
- Marshall A 1920 Principles of Economics London Macmillan
- Ibid. 2
- Ibid. 40, p. 159
- Ibid. 40, Appendix
- Pricing by shipping companies may be a delicate case when competition from other means of transport exists. Here we may mention that in North Europe ferry boats try to allocate revenue equally between lorry fares, passenger fares, from ship's shops and restaurants, etc. See Car–Ferry–Info Journal
- This cannot be done in the long run as this is a case of misallocation of resources. Companies try to establish themselves as the carrier of the route
- Main routes may be seen to be: Patras–Ancona, Patras–Bari, Patras–Brindisi, Patras–Trieste, and Patras–Venice
- In theory there is no agreement on the way of pricing off-peaks. It is not fair, however, for the peak fares to cover the total fixed cost that ships produce during the whole year
- It requires a good knowledge of the market's characteristics and an adequate structure for it to be implemented
- Ibid. 6, p. 158
- Gatzoli-Goulielmos 2003 The structure of the Market in the Greek–Italian Sea Transportation: a theoretical and empirical investigation submitted for publication
- Ibid
- Ibid. 40, p. 159
- By this way companies try to maintain their utilization rate and revenues, not only for one direction but also for the return journey
- To all lorries Anek offers lower fares than the other companies except for Tuesdays when Superfast ferries is not running (€520 against €510 for 12–13.5 m), also this is so for Saturdays for two classes for Ancona–Igoumenitsa–Patras
- According to the journal Efoplistis (Shipowner) April 2003
- Bicycles and motorcycles only travel free for the route Igoumenitsa–Corfu–Brindisi and this is offered by only one company
- Motorcycle fares differ between peak and off-peak by 25% and the differences between companies are small. Motorcycle demand is low and has fallen over the last few years, which explains the pricing policy adopted. Ancona has the majority of motorcycles that travel there followed by Venice and Brindisi
- Ibid. 2, Appendix of Chapter 7 of the Ph.D. thesis