The economics of Motorways of the Sea

References and notes

• Commission of the European Communities . 2004 . Motorways of the Sea, Implementation through Article 12a TEN-T. Consultation document D(2004). Brussels: 30 July 2004 , Directorate G, CEC .
   Google Scholar
• Mckinnon , AC . 1989 . Physical Distribution Systems , London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Baird , AJ . 2004 . Investigating the feasibility of fast sea transport services . Maritime Economics & Logistics , 6 : 252 – 269 .
   Google Scholar
• Network Rail . 2005 . the UK government agency responsible for railway infrastructure, for instance, had borrowings of £16.8 billion in December 2005, and this was expected to reach £20 billion shortly thereafter. Transport Times, 2005, Network Rail deeper in debt. . Transport Times , 7 2 December : 7
   Google Scholar
• Charles Rice . 1999 . (Managing Director of P&O European Transport Holdings) in conversation with Focus . Journal of the Institute of Logistics and Transport , 1 ( 2 ) : 31 – 34 . July/August
   Google Scholar
• Darling , A . 2004 . Keynote speech by UK Minister for Transport, Transport 2010 and Beyond Conference, Edinburgh, 14 May , Edinburgh : Henderson Boyd Jackson/Scottish Shipping Initiative .
   Google Scholar
• Baird , AJ . 1998 . “ Fast freight ferries as an instrument of modal shift. ” . In Proceedings of the Conference on Fast Seaborne Transportation , London : Royal Institution of Naval Architects .
   Google Scholar
• Baird , AJ . 1999 . A comparative study of the ferry industry in Japan and the UK . Journal of Transport Reviews , 19 ( 1 ) : 33 – 55 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baird , AJ . 2004 . “ Marine motorways: review of previous research. seminar on sea motorways of the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, Klaipeda, 8–9 March. ” . In Proceedings of the Conference of Peripheral Maritime Regions (CPMR) , Rennes : CPMR-Conference of Peripheral Maritime Regions .
   Google Scholar
• Napier University & Partners . 1998 . EMMA–European Marine Motorways (EMMA) Project. Funded by the European Commission under the Transport RTD Programme of the 4th Framework Programme. , Brussels : European Commission . Contract No: WA-96-SC.040
   Google Scholar
• A Ropax ferry is considered to be a vessel offering a substantial freight trailer carrying capacity coupled with moderate passenger/cabin accommodation
   Google Scholar
• Napier University & Partners . 2000 . “ ZEE-SCOT–Zeeland–Scotland Project ” . In European Commission PACT Programme. , Brussels : EC DG TREN, PACT Programme .
   Google Scholar
• Flanders , F . 5 June 2006 . “ Overview of the Scotland–Rest of UK Road Haulage Sector ” . In SUTRANET Motorways of the Sea (UK North Sea) Workshop , 5 June , Edinburgh . (www.Sutranet.org)
   Google Scholar
• Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) and the then Department for Transport (DfT), the latter now known as Department of Transport (DoT)
   Google Scholar
• Napier University & Partners . 2002 . UKMM–United Kingdom Marine Motorways Study, Future Integrated transport (FIT) Link Programme, Department for Transport and Engineering & Physical Science Research Council (EPSRC) , Edinburgh : Napier University .
   Google Scholar
• Baird , AJ . 1997 . Coastal ro-ro freight ferry services: an alternative to trunk road haulage in the UK? . Journal of Transport Logistics , 1 ( 2 ) : 85 – 152 .
   Google Scholar
• The GNV-Grimaldi Line of Genoa should not be confused with the Grimaldi Line of Naples, which are both quite separate companies. Coincidentally, the latter has also been very active in developing its own Motorways of the Sea, with Marco Polo assistance, on routes such as Civitavecchia–Barcelona and Civitavecchia–Toulon using modern fast Ropax tonnage
   Google Scholar
• ShipPax Statistics . 2001 . The Yearbook of Passenger Shipping Traffic Figures , Halmstad : ShipPax Information .
   Google Scholar
• Torbianelli , VA . 2000 . When the road controls the sea: a case study of Ro-Ro transport in the Mediterranean . Maritime Policy & Management , 27 ( 4 ) : 375 – 389 .
   Google Scholar
• ShipPax Statistics . 2005 . The Yearbook of Passenger Shipping Traffic Figures , Halmstad : ShipPax Information .
   Google Scholar
• RINA . 2000 . Significant Ships of 1999 , London : Royal Institution of Naval Architects (RINA) .
   Google Scholar
• Woodyard , D . 2005 . Proving the potential of CRP Azipod propulsion . Ferry Technology , February : 55 – 56 .
   Google Scholar
• Baird , AJ . 2000 . The Japan coastal ferry system . Maritime Policy & Management , 27 ( 1 ) : 3 – 16 .
   Google Scholar
• Commission of the European Communities . 2004 . Communication from the Commission to the Council, The European Parliament, The European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions on Short Sea Shipping , Brussels : COM(2004) . 453 Final, 2.07.2004
   Google Scholar
• Commission of the European Communities . 2004 . Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council Establishing the Second ‘Marco Polo’ Programme for the Granting of Community Financial Assistance to Improve the Environmental Performance of the Freight Transport system , Brussels . 14.7.2004, COM(2004) 478 final
   Google Scholar
• Commission of the European Communities . 2003 . Amended Proposal for a Decision of the European Parliament and of the Council Amending the Amended Proposal for a Decision of the European Parliament and of the Council Amending Decision No. 1692/96/EC on Community Guidelines for the Development of the Trans-European Transport Network , Brussels : COM . 564 final, 1.10.2003, 2003
   Google Scholar
• Commission of the European Communities . 2003a . Regulation (EC) No 1382/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 July 2003 on the granting of Community financial assistance to improve the environmental performance of the freight transport system (Marco Polo Programme) . Official Journal , L 196 : 1 2.8.2003
   Google Scholar
• Modal shift action is not regarded as innovative, more just shifting freight off the road; catalyst action is expected to overcome structural market barriers and be highly innovative; common learning action should improve cooperation and sharing on know-how. See Tostmann, S., 2004, An Introduction to Marco Polo, Marco Polo Information Day, 1 October. Brussels: DG TREN–Unit G3, Motorways of the Sea and Intermodality
   Google Scholar
• Commission of the European Communities . 2004 . ‘TEN-T’–Official Journal , L 167 30/04/2004 P.0001–0038, COM(2004) 0884
   Google Scholar