References and notes
- The authors would like to stress that the views presented in this work do not represent those of their respective organizations
- UNCTAD . 2006a . Review of Maritime Transport 2006 , New York and Geneva : United Nations Conference on Trade and Development .
- WTO . 2005 . International Trade Statistics , Geneva : The World Trade Organization .
- UNCTAD . 2006 . Review of Maritime Transport 2006 , New York and Geneva : United Nations Conference on Trade and Development .
- Twenty-foot equivalent unit; a standard size of container used for denoting the container carrying capacity of ships
- Containerisation International . 2006 . Containerisation International Yearbook , London : Informa UK Ltd . and annual reports of various shipping lines
- Bain , J . 1951 . Relation of profit rate to industry concentration: American manufacturing, 1936–1940 . Quarterly Journal of Economics , 65 : 293 – 324 .
- Bain , J . 1956 . Barriers to New Competition , Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press .
- Ferguson , PR . 1988 . Industrial Economics , Basingstoke : Macmillan .
- Scherer , FM and Ross , D . 1990 . Industrial Market Structure and Economic Performance , Boston, MA : Houghton Mifflin .
- Anderson , O and Rynning , MR . 1991 . An empirical illustration of an alternative approach to measuring the market power and high profits hypothesis . International Journal of Industrial Organization , 9 : 239 – 249 .
- Baumol , W , Panzar , J and Willig , R . 1982 . Contestable Markets and the Theory of Industrial Structure , San Diego, CA : Harcourt Brace Jovanovich .
- Baumol , W , Panzar , J and Willig , R . 1982 . Contestable Markets and the Theory of Industrial Structure , San Diego, CA : Harcourt Brace Jovanovich .
- Haralambides , HE and Veenstra , AW . 2000 . “ Modelling performance in liner shipping ” . In Handbook of Transport Modelling , Edited by: Button , KJ and Hensher, , DA . Vol. 1 , Amsterdam : Pergamon-Elsevier Science .
- Haralambides , HE . 5–6 March 2004 . Determinants of Price and Price Stability in Liner Shipping , 5–6 March , Singapore : National University of Singapore . workshop on The Industrial Organization of Shipping and Ports
- Cournot , AA . 1963 . Researches into the Mathematical Principles of the Theory of Wealth; with Irving Fisher's Original Notes , Homewood, IL : R. D. Irwin: Homewood .
- Bertrand , J . 1883 . “ Review of Cournot's book in Journal des Savants; reprinted in English translation by Friedman, J. W ” . In Cournot Oligopoly , Edited by: Daughety , AF . 73 – 81 . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
- Friedman , JW . 1986 . Game Theory with Applications to Economics , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
- Gibbons , R . 1992 . Game Theory for Applied Economists , Princeton, NJ : Princeton University Press .
- Bresnahan , TF and Salop , SC . 1986 . Quantifying the competitive effects of production joint ventures . International Journal of Industrial Organization , 4 : 155 – 175 .
- Ruffin , RJ . 1971 . Cournot oligopoly and competitive behaviour . Review of Economic Studies , 38 : 493 – 502 .
- Shubik , M and Levitan , R . 1980 . Market Structure and Behaviour , Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press .
- Bramness, G., 1979, The general conjectural model of oligopoly: some classical results revisited. Warwick Economic Research Papers, No. 142
- Kreps , DM and Scheinkman , J . 1983 . Quantity precommitment and Bertrand competition yield Cournot outcomes . Bell Journal of Economics , 14 : 326 – 337 .
- Maggi , G . 1996 . Strategic trade policies with endogenous mode of competition . American Economic Review , 86 : 237 – 258 .
- Hotelling , HH . 1952 . “ Stability in competition ” . In A.E.A. Readings in Price Theory , Edited by: Stigler , GJ and Boulding , KE . Chicago, IL : Richard D. Irwin .
- Shaked , A . 1982 . Existence and computation of mixed strategy Nash equilibrium for 3-firms location problem . Journal of Industrial Economics , 31 : 93 – 97 .
- Shaked , A and Sutton , J . 1982 . Relaxing price competition through product differentiation . Review of Economic Studies , 49 : 3 – 13 .
- Klemperer , PD and Meyer , MA . 1988 . Consistent conjectures equilibria: a reformulation showing non-uniqueness . Economics Letters , 27 : 111 – 115 .
- Bain , J . 1968 . Industrial Organization , New York : Wiley .
- Carlton , D and Perloff , J . 1994 . Modern Industrial Organisation , New York : Harper Collins .
- Devine , PJ , Lee , N , Jones , RM and Tyson , WJ . 1979 . An Introduction to Industrial Economics , London : Allen and Unwin .
- Balassa, B., 1977, A stages approach to comparative advantage. World Bank Staff Working Papers, No. 256
- Shepherd , WG . 1979 . The Economics of Industrial Organisation , Englewood Cliffs, NJ : Prentice Hall .
- Stigler , G . 1968 . The Organisation of Industry , Homewood, IL : Richard D. Irwin .
- Cable , J . 1994 . “ Introduction and overview: recent developments in industrial economics ” . In Current Issues in Industrial Economics , Edited by: Cable , J . London : Macmillan .
- Comanor , WS and Wilson , TA . 1967 . Advertising, market structure and performance . Review of Economics and Statistics , 51 : 271 – 286 .
- Demsetz , H . 1973 . Industry structure, market rivalry, and public policy . Journal of Law and Economics , 16 : 1 – 9 .
- Scherer , FM and Ross , D . 1990 . Industrial Market Structure and Economic Performance , Boston, MA : Houghton Mifflin .
- Von Neumann , J and Morgenstern , O . 1944 . Theory of Games and Economic Behaviour , Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press .
- Chamberlain , EH . 1962 . The Theory of Monopolistic Competition , Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press .
- Scherer , FM . 1970 . Industrial Market Structure and Economic Performance , Chicago, IL : Rand McNally .
- Scitovsky , T . 1955 . “ Economic theory and the measurement of concentration ” . In Business Concentration and Price Policy , Edited by: Stigler , G . NJ : Princeton University Press .
- Phillips , A . 1976 . A critique of empirical studies of relations between market structure and profitability . Journal of Industrial Economics , 24 : 241 – 249 .
- Hirschman , AO . 1964 . The paternity of an index . American Economic Review , 54 : 761 – 762 .
- Lorenz , MO . 1905 . Methods of measuring the concentration of wealth . Publications of the American Statistical Association , 9 : 209 – 219 .
- Gini , C . 1921 . Measurement of inequality and incomes . The Economic Journal , 31 : 124 – 126 .
- Dixon , PM , Weiner , J , Mitchell-Olds , T and Woodley , R . 1987 . Bootstrapping the Gini coefficient of inequality . Ecology , 68 : 1548 – 1551 .
- Damgaard , C and Weiner , J . 2000 . Describing inequality in plant size or fecundity . Ecology , 81 : 1139 – 1142 .
- Dixon , PM , Weiner , J , Mitchell-Olds , T and Woodley , R . 1988 . Erratum to ‘bootstrapping the Gini coefficient of inequality’ . Ecology , 69 : 1307
- Damgaard , C and Weiner , J . 2000 . Describing inequality in plant size or fecundity . Ecology , 81 : 1139 – 1142 .
- Brown , M . 1994 . Using Gini-style indices to evaluate the spatial patterns of health practitioners: theoretical considerations and an application based on Alberta data . Social Science and Medicine , 38 ( 9 ) : 1243 – 1256 .
- Gastwirth , JL . 1972 . The estimation of the Lorenz curve and Gini index . The Review of Economics and Statistics , 54 : 306 – 316 .
- Mills , JA and Zandvakili , S . 1997 . Statistical inference via bootstrapping for measures of inequality . Journal of Applied Econometrics , 12 : 133 – 150 .
- Rosenbluth , G . 1955 . “ Measures of concentration ” . In Business Concentration and Price Policy , Edited by: Stigler , G . NJ : Princeton University Press .
- Curry , B and George , KD . 1983 . Industrial concentration: a survey . Journal of Industrial Economics , 31 : 203 – 255 .
- Jacquemin , AP and Kumps , A-M . 1971 . Changes in the size-structure of the largest European firms: an entropy measure . Journal of Industrial Economics , 20 : 59 – 70 .
- Hart , PE . 1975 . Moment distributions in economics: an exposition . Journal of the Royal Statistical Society (Series A) , 138 : 423 – 434 .
- Wang , Y and Cullinane , KPB . 2006 . Inter-port competition and measures of individual container port accessibility . International Association of Maritime Economists Annual Conference . 12–14 July 2006 , Melbourne.
- Gardiner , P . 1997 . The Liner Market 1997/1998 , London : Lloyd's Shipping Economist Management Reports, Lloyd's of London Press .
- Cullinane , KPB and Khanna , M . 1999 . Economies of scale in large container ships . Journal of Transport Economics and Policy , 33 ( 2 ) : 185 – 208 .
- Midoro , R and Pitto , A . 2000 . A critical evaluation of strategic alliances in liner shipping . Maritime Policy & Management , 27 : 31 – 40 .
- Sheppad , EJ and Siedman , D . 2001 . Ocean shipping alliances: the wave of the future? . International Journal of Maritime Economics , 3 : 351 – 367 .
- US Department Of Justice, 2006, The Herfindahl–Hirschman Index, http://www.usdoj.gov/atr/public/testimony/hhi.htm
- Buckley , P . 1998 . “ An economic model of international joint venture strategy ” . In Strategic Alliance , Edited by: Beamish , P . 111 – 138 . Cheltenham : Edward Elgar .
- Mulji , S . 1994 . “ Joint ventures: an analysis ” . In Maritime Joint Ventures , Edited by: Abhyankar , J and Bijwadia , S . 41 – 51 . Paris : Centre for Maritime Co-operation, ICC Publishing .
- Muller , M . 1994 . “ Highlights of the joint venture concept ” . In Maritime Joint Ventures , Edited by: Abhyankar , J and Bijwadia , S . 64 – 72 . Paris : Centre for Maritime Co-operation, ICC Publishing .
- Porter , ME . 1986 . Competition in Global Industries , Boston, MA : Harvard Business School Press .
- Containerisation International . 2006 . Containerisation International Yearbook , London : Informa UK Ltd .
- Containerisation International . 2006 . Freight Rate Indicators, various issues , London : Informa UK Ltd .
- Haralambides , HE . 5–6 March 2004 . Determinants of Price and Price Stability in Liner Shipping , 5–6 March , Singapore : National University of Singapore . workshop on The Industrial Organization of Shipping and Ports
- European Commission Press Release, 2006, Competition: commission welcomes council agreement to end exemption for liner shipping conferences, IP 06/12/49, 25 September, available online http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=IP/06/1249&format=PDF&aged=0&language=EN&guiLanguage=en
- Editorial Comment, 2006, Not guilty as charged, Lloyd's List, 19 October
- Haralambides, H. E., Veenstra, A. W., Fusillo, M., Sjostrom, W. and Hautau, U., 2003, Contract of Services for the Assistance in Processing Public Submissions to be Received in Response to the Consultation Paper on the Review of Council Regulation 4056/86, Final Report prepared for the European Commission Competition DG, available online http://europa.eu.int/comm/competition/antitrust/review/submissions/final_report_erasmus.pdf