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Maritime Policy & Management
The flagship journal of international shipping and port research
Volume 34, 2007 - Issue 5
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Original Articles

Entry barriers in seaports

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Pages 427-440 | Published online: 22 Oct 2010

References and notes

  • An earlier version of this paper was presented at the 2006 Annual Conference of the International Association of Maritime Economists (IAME) Melbourne, , Australia
  • Olivier , D . 2005 . Private entry and emerging partnerships in container terminal operations: evidence from Asia . Maritime Economics and Logistics , 7 ( 2 ) : 87 – 115 .
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  • 2006 . This relevance is also implied in: Goss, R., 2006, Competition is key to wellbeing of ports . Lloyd's List , 27 November
  • Heaver , T . 2006 . “ The evolution and challenges of port economics ” . In Port Economics , Edited by: Cullinane , K and Talley , WK . 11 – 42 . Oxford, , UK : Elsevier .
  • McAfee , RP , Mialon , HM and Williams , MA . 2000 . What is a barrier to Entry? . American Economy Review , 94 ( 2 ) : 461 – 465 . See, for example:
  • Carlton , D . 2004 . “ Why barriers to entry are barriers to understanding ” . In NBER Working Paper No 10577 , New York, , USA : National Bureau of Economic Research .
  • Bain , JS . 1956 . Barriers to New Competition , Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press .
  • Stigler , GJ . 1968 . The Organisation of Industry , Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
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  • World Bank, n.d. Port Reform Tool Kit , Washington, DC, , USA : World Bank .
  • Van Niekerk , HC . 2005 . Port reform and concessioning in developing countries . Maritime Economics and Logistics , 7 ( 2 ) : 141 – 155 .
  • This is the case when the market is not is not at least twice as large as the Minimum Efficient Scale for providing a port service. Examples of natural monopolies in ports include towage and terminal services ,
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  • Defined as a long-term arrangement among distinct but related firms in order to gain or sustain a competitive advantage vis-à-vis their competitors—See: Jarillo, J. C., 1988, On strategic networks . Strategic Management Journal , 9 ( 1 ) 31 – 41 .
  • Djankov , S , Porta , R , Shleifer , A and Lopez De Silanes , F . 2001 . The regulation of entry . World Bank Policy Research Working Paper Series Report No 661 , Retrieved March 2007, from http://www-wds.worldbank.org
  • Brooks , MR and Cullinane , K , eds. 2001 . “ For example, see the analysis of the Greek port reform by Pallis, A. A., 2007, Port governance in Greece ” . In Issues on Devolution, Port Governance and Port Performance , 491 – 508 . London : Elsevier .
  • Stigler , GJ . 1971 . The theory of economic regulation . Bell Journal of Economics , 2 ( 1 ) : 3 – 21 .
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  • EUROPEAN SEAPORT ORGANISATION (ESPO) . 2004 . Impact assessment of the Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on Market Access to Port Services , Mimeo, Brussels : ESPO .
  • ECORYS and Trademco . 2005 . Complementary Economic Evaluation study on the Commission proposal for a Directive on market access to port services, Final Report for the European Commission -DG TREN , Rotterdam and Athens : ECORYS and Trademco .
  • 2004 . “ The three cases are Rotterdam, Durban, and Lower Mississippi—see: De Langen, P. W. ” . In The Performance of Seaport Clusters , Rotterdam: Erasmus : Research Institute of Management . PhD Thesis
  • Pallis , AA and Vaggelas , GK . 2005 . Port competitiveness and the EU ‘port services’ directive: The Case of Greek Ports . Maritime Economics and Logistics , 7 ( 2 ) : 116 – 140 .
  • Notteboom , T.E . 2002 . Consolidation and contestability in the European cotainer handling industry . Maritime Policy and Management , 29 ( 3 ) : 257 – 269 . See
  • An imbalance of port capacity and demand within a port will influence the level of rivalry in port. Excess capacity causes rivals to compete aggressively for market share. Sometimes this situation can lead to destructive pricing. Similarly, the inability within a port to generate sufficient traffic will increase rivalry for available business. There is therefore a need to explore the types of traffic for which the port might have a comparative advantage
  • The number of surveys is sufficient to sketch the broader picture, but insufficient for formal statistical analysis. This deficiency is mainly to the result of the fact that there are only 20 Canadian ports with a CPA
  • Of course, port authorities need to ensure relatively long-term contracts for such investments in order to reduce the risk associated with long-term investments ,
  • Chlomoudis , CI and Pallis , AA . 2004 . “ Port governance and the smart port authority: key issues for the reinforcement of quality services in European ports ” . In Proceedings of the 10th Word Conference on Transport Research Istanbul, , Turkey June 2004, CD-Rom format
  • De langen , PW . 2003 . “ The Port Authority as Cluster Manager ” . In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Maritime Transport and Maritime History , 67 – 84 . Barcelona, , Spain : Technical University of Catalonia .
  • COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN UNION . 2004 . “ Proposal for a Directive on market access to port services ” . In Com (2004)654, final , Brussels : European Commission .
  • The authors wish to thank Richard Goss for bringing this point to their attention
  • Notteboom , TE . 2007 . “ Concession agreements as port governance tools ” . In Issues on Devolution, Port Governance and Port Performance , Edited by: Brooks , MR and Cullinane , K . 491 – 508 . London : Elsevier .

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