250
Views
16
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Fabrication and analysis of plastic hypodermic needles

&
Pages 181-186 | Received 13 May 2004, Accepted 17 Jun 2004, Published online: 04 Aug 2009

References

  • Kane, A., Lloyd, J., Zaffran, M., Simonsen, L., and Kane, M., 1999, Transmission of hepatitis B, hepatitis C and human immunodeficiency viruses through unsafe injections in the developing world: model-based regional estimates. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 77, 801–807.
  • Simonsen, L., Kane, A., Lloyd, J., Zaffran, M., and Kane, M., 1999, Unsafe injections in the developing world and transmission of bloodborne pathogens: a review. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 77, 789–800.
  • Dicko, M., Oni, A. Q., Ganivet, S., Kone, S., Pierre, L. and Jacquet, B., 2000, Safety of immunization injections in Africa: not simply a problem of logistics. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 78, 163 — 169.
  • Ekwueme, D. U., Weniger, R. G. and Chen, R. T., 2002, Model-based estimates of risks of disease transmission and economic costs of seven injection devices in sub-Saharan Africa. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 80, 859–870.
  • Miller, M. A. and Pisani, E. 1999, The cost of unsafe injections. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 77, 808–811.
  • Dziekan, G., Chisholm, D., Johns, B., Rovira, J., and Hutin, Y., 2003, The cost-effectiveness of policies for the safe and appropriate use of injection in healthcare settings. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 81, 277–285.
  • Nelson, C. M., Sutanto, A. and Suradana, I. G. P., 1999, Use of Solo-shot autodestruct syringes compared with disposable syringes, in a national immunization campaign in Indonesia. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 77, 29— 33.
  • World Health Organization, 1999, Safety of injections, WHO-UNICEF-UNFPA joint statement on the use of auto-disable syringes in immunizations services. WHO/V&B/99.25.
  • Mujeeb, S. A., Adil, M. M., Altaf, A., Hutin, Y. and Luby, S, 2003, Recycling of injection equipment in Pakistan. Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, 24, 145–146.
  • Kim, H., 2004, Fabrication and analysis of plastic hypodermic needles by micro injection molding, M.Sc. thesis, Atlanta: Georgia Institute of Technology.
  • Kim, H. and Colton, J. S., 2004, Fabrication and analysis of plastic hypodermic needles. Proceedings of Annual Technical Conference, Society of Plastics Engineers, 16–20 May 2004, Brookfield, CT, Chicago, pp. 3727–3731.
  • Gere, J. M. and Timoshenko, S. P., 1999, Mechanics of Materials (Cheltenham, UK: Stanely Thrones).
  • Shigley, J. E., and Mischke, C. R., 1989, Mechanical Engineering Design (New York, USA: McGraw-Hill).
  • Oomens, C. W. J., Bressers, F. J. T., Bosboom, E. M. H. and Bouten, C. V. C., 2001, Deformation analysis of a supported buttock contact. Proceedings of the 2001 Bioengineering Conference, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, BED Vol. 50. Snowbird, Utah, 27 June —1 July. 853–854.
  • Heinrich, T. and Lunderstaedt, R. A., 2000, Quantification of mechanical properties of human skin in vivo. Proceedings SPIE, 4472, 11–20.
  • Douven, L. F. A., Meijer, R., and Oomens, C. W. J., 2000, Characterization of mechanical behavior of human skin in vivo. Proceedings SPIE, 3914, 618–629.
  • Hendriks, F. M., Brokken, D., Van Eemeren, J., Oomens, C. W. J., Baaijens, F. P. T. and Horsten, J. B. A. M., 2003, A numerical-experimental method to characterize the non-linear mechanical behaviour of human skin. Skin Research and Technology, 9, 274 — 283.
  • Frick, T. B., Marucci, D. D., Cartmill, J. A., Martin, C. J. and Walsh, W. R., 2001, Resistance forces acting on suture needles. Journal of Biomechanics, 34, 1335–1340.
  • Kataoka, H., Washio, T., Chinzei, K., Mizuhara, K., Simone, C., and Okamura, A. M., 2002, Measurement of the tip and friction force acing on a needle during penetration. Proceedings of the International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Com-puter Assisted Intervention, Lecture notes in computer science, 2488, 216— 223.
  • Davis, S. P., 2003, Hollow microneedles for molecular transport across skin, Ph.D. Thesis, Atlanta: Georgia Institute of Technology.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.