References
- Felson DT. An update on the pathogenesis and epidemiology of osteoarthritis. Radiol Clin North Am. 2004;42:1–9.
- Powers-Freeling L (Chair). The 11th Annual Report of the National Joint Registry for England, Wales and Northern Ireland. 2014.
- Cooke TDV, Sled EA, Scudamore RA. Frontal plane knee alignment: a call for standardized measurement. J Rheumatol. 2007;34:1796–1801.
- Sharma L, Song J, Felson DT, et al. The role of knee alignment in disease progression and functional decline in knee osteoarthritis. JAMA. 2001;286:188–195.
- Cerejo R, Dunlop DD, Cahue S, et al. The influence of alignment on risk of knee osteoarthritis progression according to baseline stage of disease. Arthritis Rheum. 2002;46:2632–2636.
- Babazadeh S, Dowsey MM, Bingham RJ, et al. The long leg radiograph is a reliable method of assessing alignment when compared to computer-assisted navigation and computer tomography. Knee. 2013;20:242–249.
- Rauh MA, Boyle J, Mihalko WM, et al. Reliability of measuring long-standing lower extremity radiographs. Orthopedics. 2007;30:299–303.
- Jeffrey RS, Morris RW, Denham RA. Coronal alignment after total knee replacement. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1991;73:709–714.
- Ritter MA, Faris PM, Keating EM, et al. Post-operative alignment of total knee replacement: its effect on survival. Clin Orthop. 1994;299:153–156.
- Wasielewski RC, Galante JO, Leighty RM, et al. Wear patterns on retrieved polyethylene tibial inserts and their relationship to technical considerations during total knee arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1994;299:31–43.
- Collier MB, Engh CA, Jr, McAuley JP, et al. Factors associated with the loss of thickness of polyethylene tibial bearings after knee arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2007;89:1306–1314.
- Werner FW, Ayers DC, Maletsky LP, et al. The effect of valgus/varus malalignment on load distribution in total knee replacements. J Biomech. 2005;38:349–355.
- Huang NF, Dowsey MM, Ee E, et al. Coronal alignment correlates with outcome after total knee arthroplasty: five-year follow-up of a randomized controlled trial. J Arthroplasty. 2012;27:1737–1741.
- Cheng T, Zhang G, Zhang X. Clinical and radiographic outcomes of image-based computer-assisted total knee arthroplasty: an evidence-based evaluation. Surg Innov. 2011;18:15–20.
- Choong PF, Dowsey MM, Stoney JD. Does accurate anatomical alignment result in better function and quality of life? Comparing conventional and computer-assisted total knee arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 2009;24:560–569.
- Rebal BA, Babatunde OM, Lee JH, et al. Imageless computer navigation in total knee arthroplasty provides superior short term functional outcomes: a meta-analysis. J Arthroplasty. 2014;29:938–944.
- De Steiger RN, Liu YL, Graves SE. Computer navigation for total knee arthroplasty reduces revision rate for patients less than sixty-five years of age. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2015;97:635–642.
- Hiscox CM, Bohm ER, Turgeon TR, et al. Randomized trial of computer-assisted kneearthroplasty: impact on clinical and radiographic outcomes. J Arthroplasty. 2011;26:1259–1264.
- Parratte S, Pagnano MW, Trousdale RT, et al. Effect of postoperative mechanical axis alignment on the fifteen-year survival of modern, cemented total knee replacements. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2010;92:2143–2149.
- Hakki S, Coleman S, Saleh K, et al. Navigational predictors in determining the necessity for collateral ligament release in total knee replacement. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2009;91:1178–1182.
- Picard F, Deakin AH, Clarke IV, et al. A quantitative method of effective soft tissue management for varus knees in total knee replacement surgery using navigational techniques. Proc Inst Mech Eng H. 2007;221:763–772.
- Clarke JV, Riches PE, Picard F, et al. Non-invasive computer-assisted measurement of knee alignment. Comput Aided Surg. 2012;17:29–39.
- Russell D, Deakin A, Fogg QA, et al. Non-invasive quantification of lower limb mechanical alignment in flexion. Comput Aided Surg. 2014;19:64–70.
- Insall JN. Correction of arthritic deformities of the knee. In: McCarty DJ, ed. Arthritis and allied conditions: a textbook of rheumatology. 10th ed. Philadelphia (PA): Lea and Febiger; 1985; p. 771–784.
- Rajadhyaksha AD, Mehta H, Zelicof SB. Use of tibialis anterior tendon as distal landmark for extramedullary tibial alignment in total knee arthroplasty: an anatomical study. Am J Orthop. 2009;38:E68–E70.
- Vaz S, Falkmer T, Passmore AE, et al. The case for using the repeatability coefficient when calculating test–retest reliability. PLoS One. 2013;8:e73990J.
- American Society for Testing and Materials. ASTM F2554-10: standard practice for measurement of positional accuracy of computer assisted surgical systems. Philadelphia (PA): ASTM International; 2010.
- Bland JM, Altman DG. Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement. Lancet. 1986;1:307–310.
- McGraw KO, Wong SP. Forming inferences about some intraclass correlation coefficients. Psychol Methods. 1996;1:30–46.
- Fleiss JL. The design and analysis of clinical experiments. New York: Wiley; 1986.
- Jenny JY, Miehlke RK, Giurea A. Learning curve in navigated total knee replacement. A multi-centre study comparing experienced beginner centres. Knee. 2008;15:80–84.
- Okazaki K, Miura H, Matsuda S, et al. Asymmetry of mediolateral laxity of the normal knee. J Orthop Sci. 2006;11:264–266.
- Heesterbeek PJ, Verdonschot N, Wymenga AB. In vivo knee laxity in flexion and extension: a radiographic study in 30 older healthy subjects. Knee. 2008;15:45–49.
- Corder GW, Foreman DI. Nonparametric statistics for non-statisticians: a step-by-step approach. Hoboken (NJ): Wiley & Sons; 2009.
- Berend ME, Ritter MA, Meding JB, et al. Tibial component failure mechanisms in total knee arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2004;428:26–34.
- Kamat YD, Aurakzai KM, Adhikari AR, et al. Does computer navigation in total knee arthroplasty improve patient outcome at midterm follow-up? Int Orthop. 2009;33:1567.
- Sati M, de Guise JA, Larouche S, et al. Quantitative assessment of skin-bone movement at the knee. Knee. 1996;3:121–138.
- Stagni R, Fantozzi S, Cappello A, et al. Quantification of soft tissue artefact in motion analysis by combining 3D fluoroscopy and stereophotogrammetry: a study on two subjects. Clin Biomech. 2005;20:320–329.
- Manal K, McClay I, Richards J, et al. Knee moment profiles during walking: errors due to soft tissue movement of the shank and the influence of the reference coordinate system. Gait Posture. 2002;15:10–17.
- Johal P, Williams A, Wragg P, et al. Tibio-femoral movement in the living knee. A study of weight bearing and non-weight bearing knee kinematics using ‘interventional’ MRI. J Biomech. 2005;38:269–276.
- Mayr E, Moctezuma de la Barrera JL, Eller G, et al. The effect of fixation and location on the stability of the markers in navigated total hip arthroplasty: a cadaver study. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2006;88-B:168–172.
- Kannan A, Hawdon G, McMahon SJ. Effect of flexion and rotation on measures of coronal alignment after TKA. J Knee Surg. 2012;25:407–410.
- Donnelly WG, Crawford RW, Whitehouse SL, et al. Knee navigation: the learning curve. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2004;86-B:474–475.
- Maniar RN, Johorey AC, Pujary CT, et al. Margin of error in alignment: a study undertaken when converting from conventional to computer-assisted total knee arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 2011;26:82–87.
- Küpper J, Loitz-Ramage B, Corr D, et al. Measuring knee joint laxity: a review of applicable models and the need for new approaches to minimize variability. Clin Biomech. 2007;22:1–13.
- Clarke JV, Wilson WT, Wearing SC, et al. Standardising the clinical assessment of coronal knee laxity. Proc Inst Mech Eng H. 2012;226:699–708.
- Wijdicks CA, Griffith CJ, Johansen S, et al. Injuries to the medial collateral ligament and associated medial structures of the knee. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2010;92:1266–1280.
- Rozzi SL, Lephart SM, Gear WS, et al. Knee joint laxity and neuromuscular characteristics of male and female soccer and basketball players. Am J Sports Med. 1999;27:312–319.
- Shultz SJ, Schmitz RJ, Beynnon BD. Variations in varus/valgus and internal/external rotational knee laxity and stiffness across the menstrual cycle. J Orthop Res. 2011;29:318–325.
- Sharma L, Lou C, Felson DT, et al. Laxity in healthy and osteoarthritic knees. Arthritis Rheum. 1999;42:861–870.