Notes and References
- Booker , P. J. op cit.
- Gill , A. T. 1978 . Photographic Processes—A Glossary and a Chart for Recognition , 4 London : The Museums Association . Museums Association Information Sheet No. 21, Generally considered to be from the invention of the cyanotype and the later diazo print processes. For more information see
- National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, London, SE10 9NF
- Lyon , D. J. “ ‘The Ships Plans Collection at the National Maritime Museum’ ” . In European Shipbuilding—One Hundred Years of Change , 73 – 77 . Marine Publications International Ltd. . (proceedings of the Third Shipbuilding History Conference at the National Maritime Museum), London 13–15 April 1983
- Usually a fine, plain-weave linen coated with gelatin
- Wolff , C. E. M. and Hofenk de Graaff , J. 1982 . ‘Eine Methode, um Transparentpapier zu kaschieren’ . Maltechnick Restauro , 3 July : 198 – 204 .
- Yates , S. A. 1983 . Conservation Research into 19thcentury Tracing Papers , London : National Maritime Museum . (un-published internal report)
- Furnish is the term used by papermakers and paper chemists to describe the fibrous part of the paper
- Lebarre , E. J. Dictionary and Encyclopaedia of Paper and Papermaking 308 145 Swets b Zeitlinger. 1952 (2nd edition reprinted 1969)
- Handwriting exercises which usually took the form of the repeated copying of conventional moral maxims
- Dawe , E. A. 134 128 op cit.
- Hannavy , J. 1981 . ‘The Waxed Paper Process—its characteristics and variations’ . Symposium Proceedings and Papers, European Society for the History of Photography . April 9–12 1981 , Bath. pp. 15 – 21 . The calotype, the first negative/positive process, invented by W. H. Fox-Talbot in 1839, involved waxing the paper negative with hot wax to make it transparent before printing There was also the waxed paper process, in which the paper substrate was waxed as a first stage, that is, before sensitising and exposure, thus leaving the image on top of rather than amongst the paper fibres The wax here played two roles it made the paper transparent and was also a photographic emulsion (base) See
- Cadman Patent No 1862, Class 56, 1871 Science Reference Library, London
- Hughes Patent No 824. Class 56, 1863 Science Reference Library, London
- Sindall , R. W. 239 – 250 . op cit
- Dawe , E. A. op cit., p. 133, states that imitation parchment was used for tracing paper No mechanical or chemical woodpulp tracing papers have vet been found by the editor in the collection, but perhaps it may simply have crumbled to dust as a result of the combined disadvantages of wood pulp and brittle oil/resin impregnation? In Dawe, there is a sample of chemical wood pulp imitation parchment paper which is in good flexible condition and pale yellow in colour This has, however, been protected within the volume from light and excessive handling for the greater part of its life
- Collings , T. and Milner , D. 1978 . ‘The Identification of Papermaking Fibres—part 1’ . The Paper Conservator , Vol 3 : 51 – 79 . London, A small selection of fibre slides were made according to the method described by. All the samples were approximately 5050 cotton and flax fibres Although relatively expensive, it must have been necessary to use good quality base material to withstand both high beating and impregnation
- Andes , L. E. 135 – 146 . op cit.
- Hunter , Dard . 1978 . Papermaking, The History and Technique of an Ancient Craft , 162 – 169 . New York : Dover Publications Inc . (unabridged re-publication of the 1947 2nd edition)
- Witt , A. M. Fine Papers Project Manager , Whatman Paper Ltd . Private correspondence Information kindly provided by, Springfield Mill, Maidstone, Kent, ME 14 2LE The necessity for a large drying capacity is the main reason that Whatman have never produced tracing paper
- Dr Mills J. S. of the Scientific Department, National Gallery, London, kindly examined the impregnation materials of several samples of tracing paper, by the use of Gas Liquid Chromatography and Gas Liquid Chromatography—Mass Spectrometry Results were complex, pine resin was, however, an ingredient found to be present throughout These are fully documented in the report cited as reference 8
- Patents are an important source of information, but it has, however, not proved possible to distinguish between patents which were widely used and those unused other than by the inventor
- Ellis , H. Patent No 2645, 1862 Science Reference Library, London
- Sawtelle , J. Ford , ed. 1883 . Paper and Printing Recipes 53 – 54 . Chicago
- Watt , A. 1890 . The An of Papermaking , 179 London : Crosby, Lockwood & Son .
- Roberts , M. T. and Etherington , D. 1982 . Bookbinding and the conservation of books , 46 Washington : Library of Congress . Caoutchouc is the trans form of latex Introduced into Victorian binderies as a ‘perfect’ adhesive, it has subsequently been found to deteriorate to a non-adhesive powder For more information see ISBN 0 8444 0366 0
- Barrow , W. J. 1963 . Permanence/Durability of the Book , Virginia : W. J. Barrow Research Laboratory . parts 1–7
- Swartzburg , S. G. 1980 . Preserving Library Materials , Metuchen, N. J. & London : Scarecrow Press Inc .
- Cunha , G. M. and Cunha , D. G. 1971 . Conservation of Library Materials Vol 1, , 2nd Ed , Metuchen, N. J. : Scarecrow Press Inc . ISBN 0 8108 0427 1
- In the National Maritime Museum, due to the vast number and large size of so many tracings, storage, to date, has been mainly by rolling and insertion into long, pull-out card boxes
- Cunha . 378 op cit.
- Banik , G. and Ponahlo , J. 1982–3 . ‘Some aspects of degradation phenomena of paper caused by green copper-containing pigments’ . The Paper Conservator , Vol 7 : 3 – 7 . London
- Yates , S. A. 1983 . Conservation Research into 19th Century Tracing Papers , 25 – 26 . London : National Maritime Museum . (unpublished internal report)
- India Office Library and Records, Foreign and Commonwealth Office. 197 Blackfriars Road, London, SEI 8NG England The India Office holds the archives and records of the British presence in the Indian sub-continent
- Marsh , F. J. ‘The Repair of Islamic Illuminated Manuscript Leaves and the Conservation of Palm Leaf Manuscripts’ . Proceedings, 3rd ISCRCP, Conservation of Far Eastern Objects . pp. 13 Brushing palm leaves with 50911 solution of camphor in alcohol has been reported in
- Watt , G. 1891 . Dictionary of the Economic Products of India , 211 – 221 . London : W. H. Allen & Co . The Neem Tree, Melia Azadirachta, native of Malay Archipelago and India The leaves and an oil extract are traditionally used to protect clothes, paper and wood Its current use in paper conservation in India was initiated by Mr F. J. Marsh, Senior Conservation Officer, India Office Library and Records, London (see ref 33) It is an effective insect repellent The leaves are dried in the sun for 2–3 days and the books are interleaved with approximately one leaf per 100 pages For extensive information see
- Ellis , R. 1951 . The Principles of Archive Repair , London : London College of Printing . See also Cunha & Cunha, op cit., and the introduction to Thompson, G, (see note 891 and Ashley-Smith, Jonathan, ‘The ethics of conservation’, The Conservator (Journal of the United Kingdom Institute for Conservation), No 6, London, 1982, pp. 1–5
- Useful materials are Multisorb blotter, 760mm × 1020mm. supplied by Barcham Green & Co. Ltd., Hayle Mill, Maidstone. Kent, England ME 15 6XQ. 300g/m2 Heritage Blotter, 862mm × 1327mm. supplied by Atlantis Paper Co., Gullivers Wharf, 105 Wapping Lane, London E1
- Cains , A. 1982/3 . ‘Repair Treatments for vellum manuscripts’ . The Paper Conservator , Vol 7 : 15 – 16 . 20 – 21 . London
- Giuffrida , Barbara . 1983 . ‘Book Conservation Workshop Manual—Part four The repair of parchment and vellum in manuscript form’ . The New Bookbinder, (Journal of Designer Bookbinders) , Vol 3 : 31 32 London
- McBride , Patrick and Gilleran , Padraig . 1984 . ‘Some applications for a humidity cupboard’ . Conservation News , November : 18 – 19 . No 25, (Newsletter of The United Kingdom Institute for Conservation)
- Majic Rub manufactured by Faber Castell and available from local art supply stores Vinyl erasers appear to leave the smallest amount of residue
- Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose, CMC7HC. (replaces Cellofas 83500) supplied by Frank Joel W. Ltd., Oldmedow Road, Hardwick Industrial Estate, Kings Lynn. Norfolk PE30 4HH England, and other local conservation suppliers
- NaCMC is used by textile conservators in aqueous washing procedures because it attracts suspended dirt from cleaning solutions That is, without the NaCMC any dirt would stand an equal chance of being redepositied back on the artefact being cleaned See Crafts Council, Cleaning, (Book 2 of Science for Conservators), London, 1985 (2nd edition), p. 84.
- Hey , M. 1981 . ‘Paper conservation processes hazardous to Health’ . The Paper Conservator , Vol 516 : 6 London, The finer particles present in commercial eraser compounds can be inhaled and attracted to tissues surrounding a conservator's eyes These hazards are reported in and in Harrington, J. M. & Petherbridge, G., ‘Chemical Hazards and Toxicology’. in the same journal—pp. 76–77. (inhalation) and pp 80–81 (eyes)
- It has been shown that fine particles are retained within the fibre structure of a paper that has been cleaned with these commercial products in Mclnnis K., ‘Two Studies in Paper Conservation Practice’, in ICCOM Bulletin (Journal of the Institute for the Conservation of Cultural Material), Vol 6, No. 2, Canberra, June 1980, pp 43–52
- An Elgastat B 124 Water Purification Unit is used in the Archive Conservation Section at the National Maritime Museum Elga Products Ltd., Lane End, Buckinghamshire. England HP14 3JH
- A single channel heated spatula control unit (for heated spatula only) type E. and Heated Spatula types 1E and 4E are used The suppliers are Willard Developments Ltd., Electrical and Mechanical Engineers, Industrial Estate, Chichester, Sussex, England PO19 2TS
- 416 AM Silicone Release Paper, (508mm × 762mm). white, thin, double-sided Supplied by Russell Bookcrafts, Hitchin, Herts, England
- The hot press currently used for lamination in the National Maritime Museum is an Ademco 2226 Hardbed Press. Supplied by Ademco Drimount Ltd., Coronation Road, Cressex Estate, High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire, England HP12 3TA
- Chromatographic spray gun powered from a pre-pressurised cannister. Supplied by Baird & Tatlock (London) Ltd., P.O. Box. 1., Romford, Essex England RM1 1HA. A hand pumped unit is also suitable, the Dahlia sprayer as supplied by Conservation Materials, 340 Freeport Blvd, Box 2884. Sparks, Nevada 89431, USA is very useful and can be obtained in both 330ml and 1 litre sizes
- Exercise (gym) mats are used as flexible weights to provide overall pressure on uneven surfaces Two sizes are used in the National Maritime Museum
- a) B731A3' × 4′ × 1”
- b) 87318 6′ × 4′ × 1”
- Both sizes are rated at 160kg/m3 and supplied by Lillywhites International, Piccadilly Circus. London, SW1X 4QF England
- Woollen Felt in roll form (Quality W18, width 1219mm). Suppliers P & S Textiles Ltd. Hornby Street, Bury, Lancashire BL9 5BL England
- Suction table (also known as cold lining or air-flow table) for use in the low pressure cold lining method after Mehra V. R., 3rd version, Central Institute for Conservation, CI BC, The Netherlands See Mehra, V. R., & Voskuil, J., ‘A low pressure cold re-lining table’, Conference on Comparative Lining Techniques, National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, London, April 1974
- Melinex (known as Mylar in USA) polyester film Manufactured in the UK by ICI Films Group, Petrochemicals and Plastics Division, Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire, England Its properties and working characteristics are described in Waters P., ‘An Assessment of Lamination and Encapsulation’. The Conservation of Library and Archive Materials and the Graphic Arts (Preprints of the Conference organized by the Institute of Paper Conservation, Cambridge 1980). London, 1980, p. 74
- Calendered Eltoline, 12g/m2, is a thin, machine-made tissue paper made from manilla and jute fibres It is denser and less porous than the very thin L2 tissue (see ref 541 Suppliers in the U.K. are Barcham Green & Co. Ltd., Hayle Mill, Maidstone, Kent ME15 6XQ England
- Laponite , R. D. A synthetic, inorganic colloid (a mineral clay) which forms a thixotropic gel when dispersed in water Available in small quantities from F. W. Joel (See ref 40) Manufactured by Laporte Industries Ltd., Hanover Square, London W1, England
- Browning , B. L. Analysis of Paper, , 2nd edition , 72 – 3 . New York and Basel : Marcel Dekker Inc . The nature of mechanical (groundwood) pulp IS described by Dard Hunter op cit., pp 376–7 The Phloroglucinol/HCI spot test for the identification of mechanical woodpulp in paper is described in ISBN 0 8247 6408 0, and also in British Standards Institution BS 4971, Part 1 (1973) Recommendations for the Repair and Allied Processes for the Conservation of Documents, London, BSI, 1973
- L2. 9g/m2, is a very lightweight, machine-made tissue paper of manilla and jute fibres with some added wet strength agent It is available in the UK from Barcham Green & Co. (See ref 361 and conservation suppliers worldwide
- Beva 371 is an ethylene-vinylacetate copolymer, Ketone resin N., Paraffin dissolved in toluene/solvent naphtha (pure benzine 80–120°C) heat activated adhesive which was originally developed for use in the conservation of paintings on canvas Its major properties are
- a) It can be applied cold or warm
- b) It is non-aqueous, being dissolved in toluene, thinned with non-polar petroleum fractions
- c) The shrinkage and distortion of the dried film are minimal
- d) It is a thermoplastic adhesive which becomes tacky at 60–65°C and liquid at 70–75°C
- e) It is low staining
- Made in the USA by Adam Chemical Co Inc. P.O. Box 15, Spring Valley, NY 10977, USA Licenced by Berger, G. A., New York Also in Switzerland by Alois K. Diethelm Farbenfabrik, Postfach 20, CH-8306. Brüttisellen Obtainable in small quantities from F. W. Joel (ref 39)
- Berger , G. A. 1975 . ‘Heat seal lining of a torn painting with Beva 371’ . Studies in Conservation. , 20 : 126 – 151 . For further information see
- Berger , G. A. 1976 . “ ‘Technology of Adhesives Formulating Adhesives for the Conservation of Paintings’ ” . In Conservation of Painting and the Graphic Arts , 169 New York : International Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works . (Proceedings of the Lisbon Conference, 9–14 October, 1972), and many other references by the same developer
- 1985 . Science for Conservators Book 3, Adhesives and Coatings, , 2nd Edition , 30 – 31 . 57 London : Crafts Council .
- In recent correspondence in Maltechnik Restauro some doubt has been raised concerning certain formulations of Beva 371
- Marty , H. 1983 . ‘Übersicht über die Werkstoffe der Gemäl-dedoublierung und der Festigung ihrer Malschichten’ . Maltechnik Restauro , 4 October : 278 – 284 .
- Berger , G. A. 1984 . Maltechnik Restauro , 2 April : 68 – 71 .
- Diethelm , A. K. 1984 . Maltechnik Restauro , 3 July : 70
- Adam Chemical Co Inc. 1984 . Maltechnik Restauro , 3 July : 70 – 72 .
- It would be interesting to have an analytical evaluation of the long-term stability of Beva 371, made by an independent editority
- Browning , B. L. Analysis of Paper, , 2nd edition , 72 – 73 . New York and Basel : Marcel Dekker Inc . A dilute aqueous solution of lodine-potassium iodide can be used to detect the presence of starch in paper On application a characteristic blue colour is formed See ISBN 0 8247 6408 0
- The 115 tissue used in this work is an 18g/m2 machine-made tissue of manilla fibre furnish to which a small amount of wet strength agent been added It was supplied to the National Maritime Museum by Barcham Green & Co. (See ref 51) in roll form in 1983
- We now understand that further batches may not be of similar quality and may contain chemical wood, enquiries should be made before purchase L2 tissue (See ref 54) in one or two layers. Eltoline tissue (See ref 51). or Japanese paper of a suitable weight are reasonable alternatives An inexpensive paper in roll form would be the most useful, as for large tracings, the joining of two or more sheets can be impractical (see treatment method 10—use of adhesive Beva 371)
- A double thickness lining of L2 when used with aqueous adhesives has given successful results Joins should be staggered to avoid the build up of ridges To join the layers an adhesive film can be applied to the first sheet (it having already been pasted to terylene sheeting on a flat surface) through a further sheet of terylene, to avoid disturbance of the fragile wet tissue
- Terylene (Arvex FT 78) woven polyester cloth—used as a release material with aqueous adhesives. Supplied in the U.K. by Arville Textiles Ltd., Sandbeck, Wetherby, West Yorkshire. LS22 4DQ, England
- Klucel , G. (Hydroxypropyl Cellulose) can be purchased in small quantities from F. W. Joel, (see ref 39) For more information see Hofenk de Graaf, J., Hydroxpropyl Cellulose A multipurpose conservation material, IC0M Committee for Conservation 6th Triennial Meeting (Working Group—Graphic and Photographic Documents), Ottowa, 1981
- Wheat Starch Paste, 509 wheat starch 250ml water 12 59 calcium hydroxide may be added) Mix the starch slowly into the water until it is all dissolved Heat in a double saucepan—stirring all the time—until the paste thickens Remove immediately from the source of heat
- Starch, Wheat GPR, is available from: B.D.H. Chemicals Ltd., Poole, Dorset. BH12 4NN, England
- Methyl Cellulose—GPR—High substitution Available from B.D.H. Chemicals (See ref 60) 60g: 1 litre was used in tests at the National Maritime Museum
- Raff , R. A. V. and Adams , M. F. 1967 . ‘Improvement of the ageing properties of paper by a NaCMC-Kymene treatment’ . Tappi , Vol 50 ( 11 ) : 45A 46A The use of Kymene involves the impregnation of paper with a dilute aqueous solution of NaCMC and Kymene 557 (an epichlorohydrin-type wet strength resin) as a sizing process Kymene is supplied by Hercules Ltd, 20 Red Lion Street, London WC1R 4PB England. It has a very short shelf-life See
- Wardle , D. B. 1971 . Document Repair , 37 – 43 . London : Society of Archivists .
- Perspex (Polymethylmethacrylate sheeting); 3mm and 5mm thickness are useful for fabrication into panels Supplied to the National Maritime Museum by Dorking Plastics Ltd., Station Road, Dorking, Surrey, RM4 1HQ. England, and worldwide from local hardware stores
- Tenjugo handmade, lightweight, long-fibred Japanese tissue Supplied by Falkiner Fine Papers Ltd., 117 Long Acre, Covent Garden, London, WC2E 9PA England—and worldwide by post from this supplier
- The support for a tracing should be carefully chosen to be unobtrusive and, if possible, preserve the transparent nature of the original L2, Eltoline, 115 and Tenjugo have proved suitable materials for work carried out so far
- Polyethylene (known generically as polythene in the UK) medium weight—Code MC—is useful, and is supplied by Transatlantic Plastics Ltd, 23 Brighton Road, Surbiton, Surrey
- Crompton Coated Tissue CT1: A thin, machine-made lens tissue, available in roll form precoated with Texicryl adhesive. Supplied by Atlantis Paper Co Ltd, Gullivers Wharf, 105 Wapping Lane, London, E1 9RW. England
- Cunha , G. M. and Cunha , D. G. 1983 . Library and Archive Conservation 1980's and Beyond , Volume 1 , Metuchen, New Jersey and London : Scarecrow Press Inc . ISBN 8108 1587 7
- 1980 . Polyester film Encapsulation , Washington : The Library of Congress . ISBN 0 8444 0323 7
- Mean of 5 readings taken, using an H. E. Messmer micrometer
- Light transmission was measured with a densitometer from Diffusion Systems Ltd Mean of 5 readings in units of optical density
- Several plans in the collection are covered overall with an even scattering of spots, mid dark brown in colour and none more than 1mm in diameter These may be iron stains, due to impurities in the paper, residue products of biological attack, or a combination of both factors
- Hey , M. 1983 . ‘Foxing, some unanswered questions’ . Antiquarian Book Review , Vol X September : 340 – 343 . 9, Issue 113, For more information see
- Lea Nol Henis , Y. and Kenneth , R. G. 1983 . ‘Biological Factors of foxing in postage stamp paper’ . International Biodeterioration Bulletin. , Vol 19 ( 1 ) : 19 – 25 . Spring ISBN 0020–6164
- Due to its uncertain quality and ageing characteristics (it IS a fragile material that can disintegrate quickly under the influence of light and the surrounding atmosphere), silk IS not generally recommended as a backing material Other materials which proved successful in later work were L2, Eltoline and 115 tissues cited as references 54, 51. & 57
- The L2 is thin and very transparent and suitable for small, lightweight tracings The 115 tissue is slightly thicker and provides a more rigid support for heavier, larger, and more damaged items Eltoline is suitable for papers of an intermediate weight and condition
- Lodewilks , J. ‘History of Conservation and Restoration of Flags and Banners in the Netherlands’ . Symposium—Conservation of Flags . November 14–18 1977 , Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam. pp. 59 The Netherlands : International Association of Arms and Military History (IAMAM) .
- Dawson , J. , ed. 1981 . The Complete Guide to Prints and Printmaking. Techniques and Materials , 128 – 129 . Oxford : Phaidon Press Ltd. . ISBN 07148 21845
- Serigraphy equipment suppliers will be found in the classified telephone directories, Yellow Pages, etc (e.g. Selectasine, 22 Bulstrode Street, London W1, England) Available aids include wooden and metal frames, tensioning devices. catalystic adhesives (instead of double-sided tape), silk and other potentially useful materials
- Petroleum Spirit GPR 60–80°C—Petroleum Ether—(C6H14C7H16C8H18)
- Harrington , J. M. and Petherbridge , G. 1980 . ‘Chemical Hazards and Toxicology’ . The Paper Conservator , Vol 516 : 181 140 For Health and Safety Information see, For Health and Safety Information on Toluene (C,H,CH,) see the same journal p. 155
- You must ensure that the motor in your suction table is spark proof before using any solvents with it
- 85 – 86 . This should be carried out in a suitable fume cupboard See: Harrington and Petherbridge op cit.
- For Health and Safety Information on aerosol sprays see: Harrington and Petherbridge op cit., p. 87
- Harrington and Petherbridge . 75 – 100 . op cit.
- Harrington and Petherbridge . 65 – 69 . op cit. British Occupational Hygiene Association Local Exhaust Ventilation Fume Cupboard Specifications can be found in
- 51 – 64 . Suitable protective clothing is described in: Harrington and Petherbridge op cit.
- Map repair roller supplied by Ademco Drimount Ltd. (Archival Aids). Coronation Road, Cressex Estate, High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire. HP12 3TA. England This roller is 175mm long
- Another very useful roller −75mm long—is produced by Cumberland Graphics and supplied by Cass Arts Ltd, 13 Charing Cross Road, London, WC2, England With this shorter roller, one can concentrate on smaller areas of the tracing, particularly during the first stages when the accurate positioning of tears and fragments is still being accomplished
- Self-adhesive temperature recording strips supplied by B.D.H. Chemicals (See ref 60). product code 268/0380 Temperature ranges A (37–65°C) and B (71–1l0°C) are the most useful
- Polyvinylchloride (PVC) sheeting, grade DQ, unembossed, gauge 0.004”. natural colour, 48” rolls Supplied by Wellington Weston & Co, Frome, Somerset, England, was used in this work This material is now out of stock but suitable alternatives are Transparent PV C (PVC 008) (Stock No 7230 3) available from John Lewis, Oxford Street, London W1, and the polythene sheeting cited as reference 66
- A Rotax industrial hot air blower was used in the work described in this paper Supplied by Baker, A., Elektr, A. G. Apparate, Basel, Switzerland (type llP-67, No 7059 82, V220, W1300) More recent models of hot air blower are available from electrical supply shops, and those with a temperature control would be better, the most important requirement is that it does not emit more heat then is needed
- A domestic hairdryer capable of reaching 70°C within 10 seconds when held 10cm from the temperature recording strip would also do The Moulinex Hair Dryer 16 (5401, 1200 W will perform to this specification
- White Spirit (Stoddard Solvent)—ASTM 0484—supplied by BDH (See ref 60)
- There is a possibility that any residual solvent which has not evaporated before lining could act as a ‘separator’ through evaporation, so that the sealing power is adversely affected This has not yet been encountered during work with tracing papers, where the thin and porous nature of the backing materials thus far used may have prevented this occurrence
- Boissonas , P. and Diethelm , A. K. 1981 . ‘Some problems affecting choice, formulation and applications of materials in restoration and lining’ , 6 – 7 . Ottowa : ICOM Committee for Conservation .
- Magnesium Carbonate Light (MgCO3) supplied by BDH Chemicals (See ref 60)
- Rowney G. & Co Ltd., powder-type artists pastels Choose colours to suit item in treatment Suppliers are G. Rowney & Co Ltd, 12 Percy Street, London, W1, England
- Thompson , G. 1978 . The Museum Environment , 79 – 85 . London : Butterworths . (2nd Ed 1981)
- Thompson , G. 85 op cit.
- Barrow, W. J. Research Laboratory . 1964 . Permanence/Durability of The Book II (Test data of naturally aged paper) , 17 – 19 . Virginia : Richmond .
- Brown card boxes with pull out drawers supplied by Ryder G. & Co Ltd., Denbigh Road, Bletchley, Milton Keynes. Buckingham shire MK1 1DG England
- 1050mm × 180mm × 180mm is the size used in The National Maritime Museum They are supplied with an end label, holder, pull ring and are assembled with outside staples
- Berger , G. A. 1976 . “ ‘Technology of Adhesives Formulating Adhesives for the Conservation of Paintings’ ” . In Conservation of Paintings and the Graphic Arts , 169 New York : International Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works . (Proceedings of the Lisbon Conference, 9–14 October, 1972). and: Yates, S. A., Conservation Research into 19th Century Tracing Papers, National Maritime Museum, London, 1983, pp. 41–42. (unpublished internal report)