References
- Szirmai , J. 1999 . The Archaeology of Medieval Bookbinding 76 – 79 . Aldershot; Brookfield : Ashgate . For an overview of endbands in Greek-style bindings which gives most of the previous bibliography, see (See also Greenfield, J. and J. Hille, Headbands and How to Work Them (New Castle: Oak Knoll, 1990) 51–56; Bibliothèque Nationale (France), Les tranchefiles brodées: etude historique et technique (Paris: Bibliothéque Nationale, 1989) 52–69. In the latter, those endbands described in modèles n° 21, 22, 23, 24, were used only in alla Greca bindings made in the courts of France and as far as I know were never used in Greek-style bindings made in the territories of the Byzantine empire. See also Gast, M., ‘A history of endbands based on a study by Karl Jäcket’, The New Bookbinder 3 (1983) 57–58
- 1998 . Most of the information in this article derives from my PhD thesis started in and submitted in 2005: Boudalis, G. ‘The evolution of a craft: Post-Byzantine bookbinding between the late fifteenth and the early eighteenth century from the libraries of the Iviron Monastery on Mount Athos/Greece and the St Catherine's Monastery in Sinai/Egypt’, vol. 1–3, PhD diss., Camberwell College of Arts, University of the Arts, London, 2005. In addition to this work, I encountered further examples through my participation in survey visits to the Sinai monastery and further work in London for the St Catherine's Library Conservation Project funded by the Saint Catherine Foundation and the AHRC. It goes without saying that I am most grateful to the fathers and librarians of both monastic communities for their help, support, trust and the permission to reproduce the photographs in this article. I am grateful to Professor Nicholas Pickwoad for his willingness to dedicate time and expertise in reading this text and making important corrections and suggestions most of which have been incorporated in the final article
- 1974 . 43 – 49 . In this respect, see Atsalos, B., ‘Sur quelques termes relatifs à la reliure des manuscrits grecs’, Actes du XIVe Congrès international des études byzantines (Bucuresti: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste Romania,/5)
- Gacek , A. ‘Arabic bookmaking and terminology as portrayed by Bakr al-Ishbili in his Kitab al-taysir fi şina al-tasfir’ . Manuscripts of the Middle East , 5 ( 1990/1 ) 109
- 2005 . ‘For the binding: To my knowledge this is the only published historical list which mentions all the major Greek bookbinding procedures in chronological order. See National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, 13–16 Oct conference postprints forthcoming. [This article by the author will be in Greek, the title translated into English is a document for the process of bookbinding from the second half of the 18th century’. Ed.]
- For the most recent overview with bibliography, see Szirmai, n. 1
- The author is preparing an article on bookmarks in Byzantine and post-Byzantine bookbindings.
- Emery , I. 1966 . The Primary Structures of Fabrics 52 – 53 . Washington : Textile Museum . 27,232–233
- Boudalis , G. ‘Evolution of a craft’, n. 2, 339. From my research, it seems that S-twist threads were more common than Z-twist, though no clear pattern emerged
- Climax This is Sinai Greek 418, written on parchment in the twelfth century and rebound in the fifteenth century, possibly in Constantinople
- 2005 . 7 – 8 . On the subject of Georgian bindings, see Kalligerou, M., ‘Binding characteristics in a group of Georgian manuscripts in the Library of St Catherine's Monastery, Sinai’, MA diss., Institute of English Studies, University of London
- 2003 . 364 – 367 . On this issue see Boudalis, G. ‘Evolution of a Symposium International de la Paléographie Grecque, Comité International de Paléographie Grecque, Drama, 21–27 Sept conference postprints forthcoming. [This article by the author will be in Greek, the title translated into English is “The passage from the bindings of the Byzantine period to those of the post-Byzantine period: statistical evidence on some of the major changes’. Ed.]
- 241 – 242 . See Emery, n. 8
- Szirmai . n. 6, Figs. 3.6, 3.7, pp. 39, 96 with bibliography
- Tranchefiles 76 – 78 . For this endband, see Szirmai, n. 1, Fig. 6.12, p. and n. 1, modèle n° 25
- See Szirmai, n. 1, pp. 86, 122–124, 160
- The terms ‘Byzantine’ and ‘post-Byzantine’ are used in the chronological sense, therefore, the first refers to the period up to 1453 when the Empire fell to the Ottomans, and the second, to the period 1453 to 1821 ending with the formation of the modern Greek state
- Pickwoad , N. 2007 . personal communication 4 Jun
- Tranchefiles 52 modèle n° 17, 53
- Tranchefiles 56 modèle n° 19, 57; Greenfield and Hille, n. 1
- Pentikostarion 95 – 109 . This is codex Sinai Greek 771, a written in the sixteenth century and bound in the context of the Klimis workshop in the second half of the sixteenth century. On this workshop, see Boudalis ‘Evolution of a craft’, n. 2
- In the context of post-Byzantine bookbinding production, ‘hybrid’ bindings are those which combine features of Greek-style bindings with features of Western and/or Islamic bindings. They are characteristic of post-Byzantine bookbinding production of the seventeenth century, especially the second half, a transitional period by the end of which (the first half of the eighteenth century) Greek-style bindings were definitively supplanted by Western European bindings. See Boudalis ‘Evolution of a craft’, n. 2, 756. For examples of these endbands, see Szirmai, n. 1, 215
- Tranchefiles 54 – 55 . n. 1, modèle n° 18
- 49 – 68 . See Boudalis ‘Evolution of a craft’, n. 2
- Tratichefiles 78 – 81 . n. 1, modèles n° 26, 27, 29,84–85
- Tranchefiles 60 – 61 . The same endband is also described in n. 1, modèle n° 20
- Tranchefiles 14 – 15 . See n. 1, modèle n° 1, dated to the eleventh century, and modèle n° 6,24–25; and Szirmai, n. 1, Figs. 6.18, 7.23, 8.16,85–86,122–123,159–160
- 159 – 160 . See Szirmai n. 1, Figs. 8.16, 9.24,208–209
- 171 – 172 . See Boudalis ‘Evolution of a craft’, n. 2
- 224 – 226 . Boudalis ‘Evolution of a craft’
- See Szirmai, n. 1, pp. 86, 210 with bibliography
- See Emery, n. 7, p. 77 and Fig. 87
- In order to duplicate the original I wove the strip with silk threads using pins to secure the warps and a needle for the weaving with the weft. In this way it was very easy to make, though one has to calculate exactly the length and the width in order to fit it onto the previously-worked primary sewing
- Pickwoad , N. 2007 . personal communication, 4 Jun
- 2003 . On the research methodology, see Boudalis, G., ‘Surveying bindings of the late 15th -early 18th century in the libraries of the Iviron Monastery on Mount Athos and the St Catherine's Monastery in Sinai’, ‘La reliure médiévate; pour une description normaliséé’, Insttrut de France, Paris, 22–24 May conference postprints forthcoming
- 1986 . Restaurator , 7.4 For information on Islamic endbands see n. 2 above and Fisher, B., ‘Sewing and endband in the Islamic technique of binding’, 7
- 2005 . 55–118. [This article by the author is in Greek, the title translated into English is ‘The Islamic influence in post-Byzantine bindings’. Ed.] For a shorter revised version, see ‘Influencias Islámicas en las encuadernaciones Griegas de época post-Byzantiné . ERYTHIA, Revista de Estudios Bizantinos y Neogriefos , 26 : 127 – 176 . On the issue of the Islamic influence on the bindings of Greek manuscripts in the sixteenth
- Pickwoad , N. 2005 . ‘How Greek is Greek? Western European imitations of Greek-style bindings’, ‘The Book in Byzantium: Byzantine and Post-Byzantine Bookbinding’, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, 13–16 Oct conference postprints forthcoming