Megafaunal extinction in the late Quaternary and the global overkill hypothesis

References

• Abbot , I. 2002 . Origin and spread of the cat, Felis catus, on mainland Australia, with a discussion of the magnitude of its early impact on native fauna . Wildlife Research , 29 : 51 – 74 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agusti , J. and Anton , M. 2002 . Mammoths, Sabretooths and Hominids: 65 Million Years of Mammalian Evolution in Europe , 311 – 311 . New York : Columbia University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Alberdi , M.T. , Miotti , L. and Prado , J.L. 2001 . Hippidion saldiasi Roth, 1899 (Equidae, Perrisodactyla), at the Piedra Museo Site (Santa Crus, Argentina): Its implication for the regional economy and environmental reconstruction . Journal of Archaeological Science , 28 : 411 – 419 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allen , J. 1996 . Report of the Southern Forest Archaeological Project: Site Descriptions, Stratigraphies and Chronologies , 112 – 112 . Melbourne : Archaeology Publications, La Trobe University .
   Google Scholar
• Allen , J. 2001 . Time matters . Nature Australia , 26 : 5 – 6 .
   Google Scholar
• Alley , R.B. 2000 . Ice-core evidence of abrupt climate changes . Proceedings of the Academy of Sciences USA , 97 : 1331 – 1334 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alroy , J. 1999 . “ Putting North America's end-Pleistocene megafaunal extinctions in context ” . In Extinctions in Near Time: Causes, Contexts, and Consequences , Edited by: MacPhee , R.D.E. 105 – 143 . New York : Klewer Academic/Plenum Publishers . In
   Google Scholar
• Alroy , J. 2001 . A multispecies overkill simulation of the end-Pleistocene megafaunal mass extinction . Science , 292 : 1893 – 1896 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alroy , J. , Koch , P.L. and Zachos , J.C. 2000 . “ Global climate change and North American mammalian evolution ” . In Deep Time: Paleobiology's Perspective, Paleobiology (Supplement to Volume 26) Edited by: Erwin , D.H. and Wing , S.L. 259 – 288 . In
   Google Scholar
• Altman , J.C. 1982 . Hunting buffalo in north-central Arnhem Land: A case of rapid adaptation among Aborigines . Oceania , 53 : 274 – 285 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ambrose , S. 1998 . Late Pleistocene human population bottlenecks, volcanic winter, and differentiation of modern humans . Journal of Human Evolution , 34 : 623 – 665 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson , A. 1989 . Prodigious Birds: Moas and Moahunting in Prehistoric New Zealand , 238 – 238 . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Anderson , A.J. 1997 . “ Prehistoric Polynesian Impact on the New Zealand Environment: Te Whenua Hou ” . In Historical Ecology in the Pacific Islands , Edited by: Kirch , P.V. and Hunt , T.L. 271 – 283 . Yale University Press . In
   Google Scholar
• Anderson , A. 2000 . Defining the period of moa extinction . Archaeology in New Zealand , 43 : 112 – 120 .
   Google Scholar
• Anyonge , W. 1993 . Body mass in large extant and extinct carnivores . Journal of Zoology, London , 231 : 339 – 350 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Archer , M. 1974 . New information on the Quaternary distribution of the thylacine (Marsupialia, Thylacinidae) in Australia . Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia , 57 : 43 – 49 .
   Google Scholar
• Archer , M. and Baynes , A. 1972 . Prehistoric mammal faunas from two small caves in the extreme southwest of Western Australia . Proceedings of the Royal Society of Western Australia , 55 : 80 – 89 .
   Google Scholar
• Arribas , A. and Palmqvist , P. 1999 . On the ecological connection between Sabre-tooths and hominids: Faunal dispersal events in the Lower Pleistocene and a review of the evidence for the first human arrival in Europe . Journal of Archaeological Science , 26 : 571 – 585 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ashler , S.A. and Geib , P.R. 2000 . Why flute? Folsom point design and adaptation . Journal of Archaeological Science , 27 : 799 – 820 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asfaw , B. , Gilbert , W.H. , Beyene , Y. , Hart , W.K. , Renne , P.R. , Wolde-Gabriel , G. , Vrba , E.S. and White , T.D. 2002 . Remains of Homo erectus from Bouri, Middle Awash, Ethiopia . Nature , 416 : 317 – 320 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Auffenburgh , W. 1981 . Behavioural Ecology of the Kotnodo Monitor , 403 – 403 . Gainsville : University Presses of Florida .
   Google Scholar
• Bailey , R.C. , Head , G. , Jenike , M. , Owens , B. , Rechtman , R. and Zechanter , E. 1989 . Hunting and gathering in tropical rainforests: is it possible? . American Anthropology , 91 : 59 – 82 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker , P.S. 2002 . Trans-Atlantic climate connections . Science , 296 : 67 – 68 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balter , M. 2001 . In search of the first Europeans . Science , 291 : 1722 – 1725 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnes , I. , Matheus , P. , Shapiro , B. , Jensen , D. and Cooper , A. 2002 . Dynamics of Pleistocene population extinctions in Beringian brown bears . Science , 295 : 2267 – 2270 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnett , D. 1998 . Fire-stick farmers are killing Kakadu . Australian Financial Review , January : 817 – 817 . 22
   Google Scholar
• Baskin , J.A. 1995 . The giant flightless bird Titanis walleri (Aves: Phorusrhacidae) from the Pleistocene coastal plains of south Texas . Journal of Vertebrate Evolution , 15 : 842 – 844 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baynes , A. 1999 . “ The absolutely last remake of Beau Geste: yet another review of the Australian megafaunal radiocarbon dates ” . In Papers in Vertebrate Palaeontology , Records of the Western Australian Museum, Supplement No. 57 Edited by: Baynes , A. and Long , J.A. 391 – 391 . In
   Google Scholar
• Beard , K.C. 1998 . “ East of Eden: Asia as an important centre of taxonomic origination in mammalian evolution ” . In Dawn of the Age of Mammals in Asia, Bulletin of the Carnegie Museum of Natural History Edited by: Beard , K.C. and Dawson , A.C. Vol. 34 , 5 – 39 . Pittsburgh In
   Google Scholar
• Beck , M.W. 1996 . On discerning the cause of late Pleistocene megafaunal extinctions . Paleobiology , 22 : 91 – 103 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berger , L.R. 2000 . In the Footsteps of Eve , 336 – 336 . Washington D. C. : Adventure Press .
   Google Scholar
• Berger , J. , Swenson , J.E. and Persson , I. 2001 . Recolonizing carnivores and naive prey: conservation lessons from Pleistocene extinctions . Science , 291 : 1036 – 1039 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Binford , L.R. 1981 . Bones, Ancient Men and Modern Myths , 320 – 320 . New York : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Bird , C.F.M. and Frankell , D. 1991 . Chronology and explanation in western Victoria and south-east South Australia . Archaeology in Oceania , 26 : 1 – 16 .
   Google Scholar
• Blumstein , D.T. 2002 . Moving to suburbia: ontogenetic and evolutionary consequences of life on predator-free islands . Journal of Biogeography , 29 : 685 – 692 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blumstein , D.T. and Daniel , J.C. 2002 . Isolation from mammalian predators differentially affects two cogeners . Behavioural Ecology , 13 : 657 – 663 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blumstein , D.T. , Daniel , J.C. , Griffin , A.S. and Evans , C.S. 2000 . Insular tammar wallabies respond to visual but not acoustic cues from predators . Behavioural Ecology , 11 : 528 – 535 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blumstein , D.T. , Daniel , J.C. and McLean , I.G. 2001 . Group size effects in quokkas . Australian Journal of Zoology , 49 : 641 – 649 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blumstein , D.T. , Daniel , J.C. , Mari , M. , Daniel , J. , Ardron , J.G. , Griffin , A.S. and Evans , C.S. 2002 . Olfactory predator recognition: Wallabies may have to learn to be wary . Animal Conservation , 5 : 87 – 93 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bocherens , H. , Billiou , D. and Mariotti , A. 1999 . Palaeoenvironmental and palaeodietry implications of isotopic biogeochemistry of Last Interglacial neanderthal and mammal bones in Scladina Cave (Belgium) . Journal of Archaeological Science , 26 : 599 – 607 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boeda , E. , Geneste , J.M. and Griggo , C. 1999 . A Levallois point embedded in the vertebra of a wild ass (Equus africanus): hafting, projectiles and Mousterian hunting weapons . Antiquity , 73 : 394 – 402 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowdler , S. 1983 . Rainforest: Colonised or Coloniser? . Australian Archaeology , 17 : 59 – 66 .
   Google Scholar
• Bowen , G.B. , Clyde , W.C. , Koch , P.L. , Ting , S. , Alroy , J. , Tsubamoto , T. and Wang , Y. 2002 . Mammalian dispersal at the Paleocene/Eocene boundary . Science , 295 : 2062 – 2065 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowler , J.M. 1982 . “ Aridity in the late Tertiary and Quaternary of Australia ” . In Evolution of the Flora and Fauna of Arid Australia , Edited by: Barker , W.R. and Greenslade , P.J.M. 392 – 392 . Adelaide : Peacock Publications . In
   Google Scholar
• Bowler , J.M. , Johnston , H. , Olley , J.M. , Precott , J.R. , Roberts , R.G. , Shawcross , W. and Spooner , M.A. 2003 . New ages for human occupation and climatic change at Lake Mungo, Australia . Nature , 421 : 837 – 840 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowler , J.M. , Jones , R. , Allen , H. and Thorne , A.G. 1970 . Pleistocene human remains from Australia: a living site and human cremation from Lake Mungo, western New South Wales . World Archaeology , 2 : 39 – 60 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowman , D.M.J.S. 1993 . Tough game . Australian Natural History , 24 : 5 – 5 .
   Google Scholar
• Bowman , D.M.J.S. 1998 . The impact of Aboriginal landscape burning on the Australian biota . New Phytologist , 140 : 385 – 410 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowman , D.M.J.S. 2000 . Australian Rainforests: Islands of Green in a Land of Fire , 345 – 345 . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Bowman , D.M.J.S. 2001 . Future eating and country keeping: what role has environmental history in the management of biodiversity? . Journal of Biogeography , 28 : 549 – 564 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bown , T.M. , Holroyd , P.A. and Rose , K.D. 1994 . Mammal extinctions, body size, paleotemperature . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) , 91 : 10403 – 10406 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brain , B. and Read , C. 2002 . A future for the past . Africa Geographic , 10 : 67 – 71 .
   Google Scholar
• Brook , B.W. and Bowman , M.J.S. 2002 . Explaining the Pleistocene megafaunal extinctions: Models, chronologies and assumptions . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) , 99 : 14624 – 14627 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown , J.H. and Lomolino , M.V. 1998 . Biogeography , Massachutsetts : Sinauer Associates .
   Google Scholar
• Burness , G.P. , Diamond , J. and Flannery , T.F. 2001 . Dinosaurs dragons and dwarfs: The evolution of maximal body size . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) , 98 : 14518 – 14523 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Case , J.A. 1985 . Differences in prey utilisation by Pleistocene marsupial carnivores, Thylacoleo carnifex (Thylacoleonidae) and Thylacinus cynocephalus (Thylacinidae) . Australian Journal of Mammalogy , 8 : 45 – 52 .
   Google Scholar
• Case , T.J. 1990 . Invasion resistance arises in strongly interacting, species rich model competition communities . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) , 87 : 9610 – 9614 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castelli , J.R. and Casper , B.B. 2001 . The herbivory uncertainty principle: visiting plants can alter herbivory . Ecology , 82 : 307 – 312 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chandler , R.M. 1994 . The wing of Titanus walleri (Aves: Phorusrhacidae) from the Late Blancan of Florida . Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History, Biological Sciences , 36 : 175 – 180 .
   Google Scholar
• Channell , R. and Lomolino , M.V. 2000 . Trajectories to extinction: spatial dynamics of the contraction of geographical ranges . Journal of Biogeography , 27 : 169 – 179 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choquenot , D. and Bowman , D.M.J.S. 1998 . Marsupial megafauna, Aborigines and the overkill hypothesis: application of predator-prey models to the question of Pleistocene extinction in Australia . Global Ecology and Biogeography Letters , 7 : 167 – 180 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christenson , A.L. 1986 . Projectile point size and projectile aerodynamics: An exploratory study . Plains Anthropologist , 31 : 109 – 128 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christiansen , P. 1999 . What size were Arctodus simus and Ursus spelaeus (Carnivora: Ursidae)? . Annales Zoologici Fennici , 36 : 93 – 102 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Churchill , S.E. 1993 . “ Weapon technology, prey size selection and hunting methods in modern hunter-gatherers: Implications for hunting in the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic ” . In Hunting and Animal Exploitation in the Later Palaeolithic and Mesolithic of Eurasia , Archaeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association 4 Edited by: Peterkin , G.L. , Bricker , H.M. and Mellars , P.M. 11 – 24 . In
   Google Scholar
• Coltorti , M. , Ficcarelli , G. , Jahren , H. , Espinosa , M.M. , Rook , L. and Torre , D. 1998 . The last occurrence of Pleistocene megafauna in the Ecuadorian Andes . Journal of South American Earth Sciences , 11 : 581 – 586 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cordain , L. , Miller , J.B. , Eaton , S.B. , Mann , N. , Holt , S.H. and Speth , J. 2000 . Plant-animal subsistence ratios and macronutrient energy estimations in worldwide hunter-gatherer diets . American Journal of Clinical Nutrition , 71 : 682 – 692 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cordain , L. , Eaton , S.B. , Miller , J.B. , Mann , N. and Hill , K. 2002 . The paradoxical nature of hunter-gatherer diets: meat-based, yet non-atherogenic . European Journal of Clinical Nutrition , 56 : S42 – S52 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cosgrove , R. 1989 . Thirty thousand years of human colonisation in Tasmania: new Pleistocene dates . Science , 243 : 1703 – 1705 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cosgrove , R. and Allen , J. 2001 . “ Prey choice and hunting strategies in the Late Pleistocene: Evidence from Southwest Tasmania ” . In Histories of Old Ages: Essays in Honour of Rhys Jones , Edited by: Anderson , A. , Lilley , I. and O'Connor , S. 397 – 429 . Canberra : Pandanus Books, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University . In
   Google Scholar
• Culotta , E. 1995 . Many suspects to blame in Madagascar extinctions . Science , 268 : 1568 – 1569 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D'Antonio , C.M. and Kark , S. 2002 . Impacts and extent of biotic invasions in terrestrial ecosystems . Trends in Ecology and Evolution , 17 : 202 – 204 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• David , B. and Lourandos , H. 1997 . 37,000 years and more in tropical Australia: investigating long-term archaeological trends in Cape York Peninsula . Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society , 63 : 1 – 23 .
   Google Scholar
• De Vis , C.W. 1883 . On tooth-marked bones of extinct marsupials . Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales , 8 : 187 – 190 .
   Google Scholar
• Dewar , R.E. 1984 . “ Extinctions in Madagascar: The loss of the subfossil fauna ” . In Quaternary Extinctions: A Prehistoric Revolution , Edited by: Martin , P.S. and Klein , R. 574 – 593 . Tucson & London : University of Arizona Press . In
   Google Scholar
• Diamond , J.M. 1984 . “ Historic extinctions: A Rosetta Stone for understanding prehistoric extinctions ” . In Quaternary Extinctions: A Prehistoric Revolution , Edited by: Martin , P.S. and Klein , R. 824 – 866 . Tucson & London : University of Arizona Press . In
   Google Scholar
• Diamond , J.M. 1989 . Quaternary megafaunal extinctions: variations on a theme by Paganini . Journal of Archaeological Science , 16 : 167 – 175 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diamond , J.M. 1992 . The Third Chimpanzee: The Evolution and Future of the Human Animal , 416 – 416 . New York : Harper-Collins .
   Google Scholar
• Diamond , J.M. 1998 . Guns, Germs and Steel , 480 – 480 . London : Vintage .
   Google Scholar
• Diamond , J.M. 2001 . Australia's last giants . Nature , 411 : 755 – 757 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dickman , C.R. 1992 . Predation and habitat shift in the house mouse, Mus musculus . Ecology , 73 : 313 – 322 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dickman , C.R. 1993 . Raiders of the last ark . Australian Natural History , 24 : 44 – 52 .
   Google Scholar
• Dickman , C.R. 2003 . “ Species interactions: Indirect effects ” . In Ecology: An Australian Perspective , Edited by: Attiwill , P. and Wilson , B. Oxford : Oxford University Press . (in press)
   Google Scholar
• Dillehay , T.D. 1997 . Monte Verde: a late Pleistocene settlement in Chile , Vol. 2 , Washington : Smithsonian Institution Press .
   Google Scholar
• Dillehay , T.D. 1999 . The late Pleistocene cultures of South America . Evolutionary Anthropology , 8 : 206 – 216 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dolukhanov , P.M. , Shukurov , A.M. , Tarasov , P.E. and Zaitseva , G.I. 2002 . Colonisation of Northern Eurasia by modern humans: Radiocarbon chronology and environment . Journal of Archaeological Science , 29 : 593 – 606 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dominguez-Rodrigo , M. 2002 . Hunting and scavenging by early humans: The state of the debate . Journal of World Prehistory , 16 : 1 – 54 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duncan , R.P. , Blackburn , T.M. and Worthy , T.H. 2002 . Prehistoric bird extinctions and human hunting . Proceedings of the Royal Society of London , B 269 : 517 – 521 .
   Google Scholar
• Eastman , M. 1968 . The Life of the Emu , 71 – 71 . Sydney : Angus and Robertson .
   Google Scholar
• Edwards , D.A. and O'Connell , J.F. 1995 . Broad spectrum diets in arid Australia . Antiquity , 69 : 769 – 783 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edwards , W.E. 1967 . “ The Late-Pleistocene extinction and diminution in size of many mammalian species ” . In Pleistocene Extinctions , Edited by: Martin , P.S. and Wright , H.E. Jr . 141 – 154 . New Haven : Yale University Press . In
   Google Scholar
• Elenga , H. , Peyron , O. , Bonnefille , R. , Jolly , D. , Cheddadi , R. , Guiot , J. , Andrieu , V. , Bottema , S. , Buchet , G. , de Beaulieu , J.-L. , Hamilton , A. C. , Maley , J. , Marchant , R. , Perez-Obiol , R. , Reille , M. , Riollet , G. , Scott , L. , Straka , H. , Taylor , D. , Van Campo , E. , Vincens , A. , Laarifand , F. and Jonson , H. 2000 . Pollen-based biome reconstruction for southern Europe and Africa 18,000 BP . Journal of Biogeography , 27 : 621 – 634 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellis , C.J. 1997 . “ Factors influencing the use of stone projectile tips: an ethnographic perspective ” . In Projectile Technology , Edited by: Knecht , H. 37 – 78 . New York : Plenum . In
   Google Scholar
• Endicott , K. 1979 . The hunting methods of the Batek Negritos of Malaysia: a problem of alternatives . Canberra Anthropology , 2 : 7 – 22 .
   Google Scholar
• Epstein , H. 1971 . Origin of the Domestic Animals of Africa , 344 – 344 . New York : Africana Press .
   Google Scholar
• FAUNMAP Working Group . 1994 . A database documenting late Quaternary distributions of mammal species in the United States . Illinois State Museum Scientific Papers , 25
   Google Scholar
• Faure , M. and Guerin , C. 1990 . Hippopotamus laoumena nov. sp. ‘la troisième espèce d'hippopotame Holocene de Madagascar . Comptes Rendus de I'Academie des Sciences, Série 11 , 310 : 1299 – 1305 .
   Google Scholar
• Field , J.H. and Boles , W.E. 1998 . Genyomis newtoni and Dromaius navahollandiae at 30 000 b. p. in central northern New South Wales . Alcheringa , 22 : 177 – 188 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Field , J. and Dodson , J. 1999 . Late Pleistocene megafauna and archaeology from Cuddie Springs, South-eastern Australia . Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society , 65 : 275 – 301 .
   Google Scholar
• Field , J. and Fullagar , R. 1998 . “ Grinding and pounding stones from Cuddie Springs and Jinmium ” . In A Closer Look: Recent Australian Studies of Stone Tools , Sydney University Archaeological Methods Series 6 Edited by: Fullagar , R. In
   Google Scholar
• Field , J. , Fullagar , R. and Lord , G. 2001 . A large area archaeological excavation at Cuddie Springs . Antiquity , 75 : 695 – 702 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Field , J. , Dodson , J. and Prosser , I. 2002 . A Late Pleistocene vegetation history from the Australian semi-arid zone . Quaternary Science Reviews , 21 : 1023 – 1037 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flannery , T.F. 1994 . The Future Eaters , 423 – 423 . Sydney : New Holland Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Flannery , T.F. 2001 . The Eternal Frontier , 432 – 432 . Melbourne : Text Publishing .
   Google Scholar
• Flannery , T.F. and Roberts , R.G. 1999 . “ Late Quaternary extinctions in Australasia: an overview ” . In Extinctions in Near Time: Causes, Contexts and Consequences , Edited by: MacPhee , R.D.E. 239 – 256 . New York : Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers . In
   Google Scholar
• Flood , J. 1999 . Archaeology of the Dreamtime , 328 – 328 . Australia : Angus and Robertson .
   Google Scholar
• Foley , R. 1999 . Hunting down the hunter-gatherers . Evolutionary Anthropology , 8 : 115 – 117 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forster , M. 2003 . Self-organized instability and the extinction of the Australian megafauna . Oikos , 103 : 235 – 239 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frison , G.C. 1998 . Paleoindian large mammal hunters on the plains of North America . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) , 95 : 14576 – 14583 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frison , G.C. and Todd , L.C. 1986 . The Colby Mammoth Site: Taphonomy and Archaeology of a Clovis Kill in Northern Wyoming , 238 – 238 . Albuquerque : University of New Mexico Press .
   Google Scholar
• Fullagar , R. and Field , J. 1997 . Pleistocene seed grinding implements from the Australian arid zone . Antiquity , 71 : 300 – 307 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gabunia , L. , Vekua , A. , Lordkipanidze , D. , Swisher , C.C. , Ferring , R. , Justus , A. , Niordze , M. , Tvaltrelidze , M. , Anton , S.C. , Bosinski , G. , Joris , O. , Lumley , M-Ade , Majsuradze , G. and Mouskhelishvili , A. 2000 . Earliest Pleistocene hominid cranial remains from Dmanisi, Republic of Georgia: Taxonomy, geological setting, and age . Science , 288 : 1019 – 1025 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gnecco , C. and Mora , S. 1997 . Late Pleistocene/early Holocene tropical forest occupations at San Isidro and Pena Roja, Colombia . Antiquity , 273 : 683 – 692 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goebel , T. 1999 . Pleistocene human colonizaton of Siberia and peopling of the Americas: An ecological approach . Evolutionary Anthropology , 8 : 208 – 227 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gollan , K. 1984 . “ The Australian dingo: In the shadow of man ” . In Vertebrate Zoogeography and Evolution in Australasia , Edited by: Archer , M. and Clayton , G. 921 – 927 . Sydney : Hesperian Press . In
   Google Scholar
• Gonzales , S. , Kitchener , A.C. and Lister , A.M. 2001 . Survival of the Irish elk into the Holocene . Nature , 405 : 753 – 754 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graham , R.W. and Lundeuus , E.L. 1984 . “ Coevolutionary disequilibrium and Pleistocene extinctions ” . In Quaternary Extinctions: A Prehistoric Revolution , Edited by: Martin , P.S. and Klein , R.G. 211 – 222 . Tucson : University of Arizona Press . In
   Google Scholar
• Grayson , D.K. 1984 . “ Nineteenth-century explanations of Pleistocene extinctions: A review and analysis ” . In Quaternary Extinctions: A Prehistoric Revolution , Edited by: Martin , P.S. and Klein , R.G. 5 – 39 . Tucson : University of Arizona Press . In
   Google Scholar
• Grayson , D.K. 2001 . The archaeological record of human impacts on animal populations . Journal of World Prehistory , 15 : 1 – 68 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grayson , D.K. and Meltzer , D.J. 2002 . Clovis hunting and large mammal extinction: A critical review of the evidence . Journal of World Prehistory , 16 : 313 – 359 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grayson , D.K. and Meltzer , D.J. 2003 . A requiem for North American overkill . Journal of Archaeological Science , 30 : 585 – 593 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grayson , D.K. , Delpech , F. and Simek , J.F. 2001 . Explaining the development of dietary dominance by a single ungulate taxon at Grotte XVI, Dordogne, France . Journal of Archaeological Science , 28 : 115 – 125 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Griffin , A.S. and Evans , C.S. 2003 . Social learning of antipredator behaviour in a marsupial . Animal Behaviour , in press
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Griffin , A.S. , Blumstein , D.T. and Evans , C.S. 2000 . Training animals about predators: a critical review and synthesis . Conservation Biology , 14 : 1317 – 1326 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grün , R. , Spooner , N.A. , Thorne , A. , Mortimer , G. , Simpson , J.J. , McCulloch , M. , Taylor , L. and Cornoe , D. 2000 . Age of the Lake Mungo 3 skeleton, reply to Bowler and Magee and to Gillespie and Roberts . Journal of Human Evolution , 38 : 733 – 741 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guthrie , G. 2004 . Rapid body size decline in Alaskan Pleistocene horses . Nature , 426 : 169 – 171 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guthrie , R.D. 1984 . “ Mosaics, allelochemics and nutrients: An ecological theory of late Pleistocene extinctions ” . In Quaternary Extinctions: A Prehistoric Revolution , Edited by: Martin , P.S. and Klein , R.G. 250 – 258 . Tucson : University of Arizona Press . In
   Google Scholar
• Hardy , B.L. , Kay , M. , Markes , A.E. and Monioal , K. 2001 . Stone tool function at the Paleolithic sites of Starosele and Buran Kaya III, Crimea: Behavioural implications . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America , 98 : 10972 – 10977 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris , D.R. 1992 . “ Human diet and subsistence ” . In The Cambridge Encyclopaedia of Human Evolution , 6th Edition , Edited by: Jones , S.D. and Pilbeam , R.M. 69 – 74 . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press . In
   Google Scholar
• Hawkes , K. 1991 . Showing off: Tests of a hypothesis about men's foraging goals . Ethnology and Sociobiology , 12 : 29 – 54 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hawkes , K. , O'Connell , J.F. and Blurton Jones , N.G. 2001 . Hunting and nuclear families: Some lessons from the Hadza about men's work . Current Anthropology , 42 : 681 – 709 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haynes , G. 1985 . “ On watering holes, mineral licks, death and predation ” . In Environments and Extinctions: Man in Late Glacial North America , Edited by: Mead , J. and Meltzer , D. Orono : Centre for the Study of Early Man . In
   Google Scholar
• Head , L. 1996 . Meganesian barbecue . Meanjin , 55 : 709 – 709 .
   Google Scholar
• Heizer , R.F. 1955 . Primitive Man as an Ecologic Factor. Kroeber Anthropological Society Papers 13 , Berkley : University of California Press .
   Google Scholar
• Henshilwood , C.S. , Sealy , J.C. , Yates , R. , Cruz-Uribe , K. , Goldberg , P. , Grine , F.E. , Klein , R.G. , Poggenpoel , C. , van Niekerk , K. and Watts , I. 2001 . Blombos Cave, Southern Cape, South Africa: preliminary report on the 1992–1999 excavations of the Middle Stone Age levels . Journal of Archaeological Science , 28 : 421 – 448 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hiatt , B. 1974 . “ Woman the gatherer ” . In Woman's role in Aboriginal Society , Edited by: Gale , F. 4 – 15 . Canberra : Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies . In
   Google Scholar
• Hildebrandt , W.R. and McGuire , K.R. 2002 . The ascendance of hunting during the California Middle Archaic: An evolutionary perspective . American Antiquity , 67 : 231 – 257 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill , K. , Padwe , J. , Bejyvagi , Beparangi , A. , Jakugi , F. , Tykuarangi , R. and Tykuarangi . 1997 . Impact of hunting on large vertebrates in the Mbaracayu Reserve, Paraguay . Conservation Biology , 11 : 1339 – 1353 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holdaway , R.N. 1989 . Terror of the forests . New Zealand Geographic , 4 : 56 – 67 .
   Google Scholar
• Holdaway , R.N. and Jacomb , C. 2000 . Rapid extinction of the moas (Aves: Dinornithiformes): model, test, and implications . Science , 287 : 2250 – 2254 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holliday , T.W. 1998 . The ecological context of trapping among Recent hunter-gatherers: Implications for subsistence in Terminal Pleistocene Europe . Current Anthropology , 39 : 711 – 723 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horton , D. 2000 . The Pure State of Nature: Sacred Cows, Destructive Myths and the Environment , 192 – 192 . Sydney : Allen & Unwin .
   Google Scholar
• Hutchings , W.K. and Bruchert , L.W. 1997 . Spearthrower performance: ethnographic and experimental research . Antiquity , 71 : 890 – 898 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janis , C.M. and Wilhelm , P.B. 1993 . Were there any mammalian pursuit predators in the Tertiary? Dances with wolf avatars . Journal of Mammalian Evolution , 2 : 103 – 125 .
   Google Scholar
• Johnson , B.J. , Miller , G.H. , Fogel , M.L. , Maoee , J.W. , Gagan , M.K. and Chivas , A.R. 1999 . 65,000 years of vegetation change in Australia and the Australian summer monsoon . Science , 284 : 1150 – 1152 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson , C.N. 2002 . Determinants of loss of mammal species during the late Quaternary ‘megafauna’ extinctions: life history and ecology, but not body size . Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B , 269 : 2221 – 2227 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson , C. and Wroe , S. 2003 . Causes of extinctions of vertebrates during the Holocene of mainland Australia: arrival of the dingo or human impact? . Holocene , 13 : 109 – 116 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones , P.R. 1977 . “ The Tasmanian paradox ” . In Stone Tools as Cultural Markets , Edited by: Wright , R.V.S. 189 – 284 . Canberra : Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies . In
   Google Scholar
• Jones , P.R. 1980 . Experimental butchery with modern stone tools and its relevance for Palaeolithic archaeology . Current Research in the Pleistocene , 11 : 42 – 44 .
   Google Scholar
• Kaplan , H. , Hill , K. , Lancaster , J. , Maodelena and Hurtado , A. 2000 . A theory of human life history evolution: Diet, intelligence, and longevity . Evolutionary Anthropology , 9 : 156 – 185 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keitt , T. and Marquet , P. 1996 . The introduced Hawaiian Avifauna reconsidered: evidence for self-organized criticality? . Journal of Theoretical Biology , 182 : 161 – 167 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kemp , K. 2000 . Pirripaayi: A Case Study of Genocide in Australia lwww.koori.usvd.edu.au/pirripaavi/
   Google Scholar
• Kennedy , T.A. , Naeem , S. , Howe , K.M. , Knops , J.M.H. , Tilman , D. and Reichs , P. 2002 . Biodiversity as a barrier to invasion . Nature , 417 : 636 – 638 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kerr , R.A. 2001 . Mass extinctions face downsizing . Science , 293 : 1037 – 1037 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kerr , R.A. 2003 . Megafauna died from big kill, not big chill . Science , 300 : 885 – 885 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kershaw , P. , Quejy , P.G. , David , B. , Van Huet , S. and McMinn , A. 2000 . “ Palaeobiogeography of the Quaternary of Australia ” . In Palaeobiogeography of Australasian Faunas and Floras , Association of Australasian Palaeontologists, Memoir Edited by: Wright , A.J. , Young , G.C. , Talent , J.A. and Laurie , J.R. Vol. 23 , 471 – 515 . In
   Google Scholar
• Kiltie , R.A. 1984 . “ Seasonality, gestation time, and large mammal extinctions ” . In Quaternary Extinctions: A Prehistoric Revolution , Edited by: Martin , P.S. and Klein , R.G. 299 – 314 . Tucson : University of Arizona Press . In
   Google Scholar
• Klein , R.G. 1984 . “ Mammalian extinctions and Stone Age people in Africa ” . In Quaternary Extinctions: A Prehistoric Revolution , Edited by: Martin , P.S. and Klein , R.G. 553 – 573 . Tucson : University of Arizona Press . In
   Google Scholar
• Klein , R.G. 1995 . Anatomy, behaviour, and modern human origins . Journal of World Prehistory , 9 : 167 – 198 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klein , R.G. and Cruz-Uribe , K. 2000 . Middle and Later Stone Age large mammal and tortoise remains from Die Kelders Cave 1, Western Cape Province, South Africa . Journal of Human Evolution , 38 : 169 – 195 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knapp , A.K. , Fay , P.A. , Blair , J.M. , Collins , S.L. , Smith , M.D. , Carlisle , J.D. , Harper , C.W. , Danner , B.T. , Lett , M.S. and McCarron , J.K. 2002 . Rainfall variability, carbon cycling, and plant species diversity in a mesic grassland . Nature , 298 : 2022 – 2205 .
   Google Scholar
• Knecht , H. 1994 . Late Ice Age hunting technology . Scientific American , 271 : 82 – 87 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kohncke , M. and Leonhardt , K. 1986 . Cryptoprocta ferox. Mammalian Species , 254 : 1 – 5 .
   Google Scholar
• Koller , J. , Baumer , U. and Mania , D. 2001 . High-tech in the Middle Palaeolithic: Neanderthal-manufactured pitch identified . European Journal of Archaeology , 4 : 385 – 397 .
   Google Scholar
• Kondoh , M. 2001 . Unifying the relationships of species richness to productivity and disturbance . Proceedings of the Royal Society (London) , 268 : 269 – 271 .
   Google Scholar
• Kooyman , B. , Newman , M.E. , Cluney , C. , Lobb , M. , Tolman , S. , McNeil , P. and Hills , L.V. 2001 . Identification of horse exploitation by Clovis hunters based on protein analysis . American Antiquity , 66 : 686 – 691 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurten , B. and Anderson , E. 1980 . Pleistocene mammals of North America , 552 – 552 . New York : Columbia University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Kusimba , S.B. 1999 . Hunter-gatherer land use patterns in Later Stone Age East Africa . Journal of Anthropological Archaeology , 18 : 165 – 200 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lambeck , K. and Chappell , J. 2001 . Sea level change through the last glacial cycle . Science , 292 : 679 – 686 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Largent , F.B. 1995 . Some new additions to the Texas Folsom point database . Plains Anthropologist , 40 : 69 – 71 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lear , C.H. , Elderfield , H. and Wilsomn , P.A. 2000 . Cenozoic deep-sea temperatures and global ice volumes from Mg/Ca in benthic foraminiferal calcite . Science , 287 : 269 – 272 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee , R.B. 1968 . “ What hunters do for a living, or how to make out on scarce resources ” . In Man the Hunter , Edited by: Lee , R.B. and DeVore , I. 13 – 20 . Chicago : Aldine . In
   Google Scholar
• Lee , R.B. 1979 . The !Khung San: Men, Women and Work in a Foraging Society , 526 – 526 . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Loy , T.H. and Dixon , E.J. 1998 . Blood residues on fluted points from eastern Beringia . American Antiquity , 63 : 21 – 47 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lunney , D. 2001 . Causes of the extinction of native mammals of the Western Division of New South Wales: An ecological interpretation of the nineteenth century historical record . Rangeland Journal , 23 : 44 – 70 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lupo , K.D. 2001 . Archaeological skeletal part profiles and differential transport: An ethnoarchaeological example from Hadza bone assemblages . Journal of Anthropological Archaeology , 20 : 361 – 378 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lupo , K.D. and O'Connell , J.F. 2001 . Cut and tooth mark distributions on large animal bones: Ethnoarchaeological data from the Hadza and their implications for current ideas about early human carnivory . Journal of Archaeological Science , 29 : 85 – 109 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lyman , R.L. 1994 . Vertebrate Taphonomy , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• MacArthur , R.H. and Wilson , E.O. 1967 . The Theory of Island Biogeography , 224 – 224 . Princeton : Princeton University Press .
   Google Scholar
• MacPhee , R.D.E. and Marx , P.A. 1997 . “ The 40,000 year plague: humans, hyperdisease, and first contact extinctions ” . In Natural Change and Human Impact in Madagascar , Edited by: Goodman , S.M. and Patterson , B.D. 168 – 217 . Washington : Smithsonian Institution Press . In
   Google Scholar
• MacPhee , R.D.E. , Tikhonov , A.N. , Mol , D. , Marliave , C.de , Plicht , H.van der , Greenwood , A.D. , Flemming , C. and Agenbroad , L. 2002 . Radiocarbon chronologies and extinction dynamics of the Late Quaternary Mammalian megafauna of Taimyr Peninsula, Russian Federation . Journal of Archaeological Science , 29 : 1017 – 1042 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Madsen , D.B. and Schmitt , D.N. 1998 . Mass collecting and the diet breadth model: A Great Basin model . Journal of Archaeological Science , 25 : 445 – 455 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mandryk , C.A.S. , Josenhans , H. , Fedje , D.W. and Mathewes , R.W. 2000 . Late Quaternary paleoenvironments of Northwestern North America: Implications for inland versus coastal migration routes . Quaternary Science Reviews , 20 : 301 – 314 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manlius , N. 2001 . The ostrich in Egypt: past and present . Journal of Biogeography , 28 : 945 – 953 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marean , C.W. 1997 . Hunter-gatherer foraging strategies in tropical grasslands: model building and testing in the East African Middle and Later Stone Age . Journal of Anthropological Archaeology , 18 : 165 – 200 .
   Google Scholar
• Marean , C.W. 1999 . A critique of the evidence for scavenging by Neanderthals and early modern humans: new data from Kobeh Cave (Zagros Mountains, Iran) and Die Kelders Cave 1 Layer 10 (South Africa) . Journal of Human Evolution , 35 : 111 – 136 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marean , C.W. and Assefa , Z. 1999 . Zooarcheological evidence for the faunal exploitation behaviour of Neanderthals and early modern humans . Evolutionary Anthropology , 8 : 22 – 37 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marean , C.W. , Kim , S.Y. , Blumenschine , R.J. , Concard , N.J. , Uermann , H. , Delpech , F. , Greefield , H.J. , Hanson , D.K. , Klein , R.G. , Cruz-Uribe , K. , Otte , M. , Rabinovich , R. , Stiner , M.C. , Vishnyatsky , L.B. and Zilhao , J. 1998 . Mousterian large-mammal remains from Kobeh Cave: behavioral implications for Neanderthals and early modern humans . Current Anthropology , 39 : 79 – 114 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marshall , L.G. 1994 . The terror birds of South America . Scientific American , 270 : 64 – 69 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marshall , L.G. and Corrucini , R. 1978 . Variability, evolutionary rates and allometry in dwarfing lineages . Paleobiology , 4 : 101 – 119 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin , P.S. 1963 . “ Prehistoric overkill ” . In Pleistocene Extinctions: The Search for a Cause , Edited by: Martin , P.S. and Wright , H.E. Jr . 75 – 120 . Yale University Press . In
   Google Scholar
• Martin , P.S. 1984 . “ Prehistoric overkill: The global model ” . In Quaternary Extinctions: A Prehistoric Revolution , Edited by: Martin , P.S. and Klein , R.G. 354 – 403 . Tucson : University of Arizona Press . In
   Google Scholar
• Martin , P.S. 2000 . Bring back the elephants . Whole Earth (Spring) , : 34 – 37 .
   Google Scholar
• Martin , P.S. and Steadman , P.W. 1999 . “ Prehistoric extinctions on islands and continents ” . In Extinctions in Near Time , Edited by: MacPhee , R.D.E. 17 – 52 . New York : Klewer Academic/Plenum Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Marlowe , F. 2001 . Male contribution to diet and female reproductive success among foragers . Current Anthropology , 42 : 755 – 760 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mason , S.L.R. , Hather , J.G. and Hillman , G.C. 1994 . Preliminary investigation of the plant macro-remains from Dolni Vestonice II, and its implications for the role of plant foods in Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Europe . Antiquity , 258 : 48 – 57 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McBrearty , S. and Brooks , A.S. 2000 . The revolution that wasn't: a new interpretation of the origin of modern human behaviour . Journal of Human Evolution , 39 : 453 – 563 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCulloch , M. , Miller , G. , Mortimer , G. , Taylor , L. and Magee , J. 2000 . Mass spectrometric U-series dating on Genyornis eggshells and the extinction of Australia's megafauna: some preliminary results 〈wwwrses.anu.edu.au/enproc/AQUADATA/AQUA/ meetings/Bowlerfest/McCulloch.html〉
   Google Scholar
• McKenzie , G.M. 2002 . The late Quaternary vegetation history of the south-central highlands of Victoria, Australia. II. Sitesbelow 900 m . Austral Ecology , 27 : 32 – 54 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLaughlin , J.F. , Hellmann , J.J. , Boggs , C.L. and Ehrlich , P.R. 2002 . Climate change hastens population extinctions . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences(USA) , 99 : 6070 – 6074 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLean , I.G. , Lundie-Jenkins , G. and Jarman , P.J. 1996 . Teaching an endangered mammal to recognise predators . Biological Conservation , 75 : 51 – 62 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McNabb , J. 2000 . Boxgrove . Antiquity , 74 : 439 – 441 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meltzer , J.D. 1995 . Clocking the first Americans . Annual Review of Anthropology , 24 : 21 – 45 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meltzer , J.D. and Mead , J.I. 1985 . “ Dating Late Pleistocene extinctions: Theoretical issues, analytical bias, and substantive results ” . In Environments and Extinctions: Man in Late Glacial North America , Edited by: Mead , J. and Meltzer , D. 369 – 371 . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press . Centre for prehistoric diet. In The Cambridge Encyclopaedia of Human Evolution, 6th Edition, S.D. Jones & R.M. Pilbeam, eds
   Google Scholar
• Miller , C.H. , Magee , J.W. , Johnson , B.J. , Fogel , M.L. , Spooner , M.A. , McCullock , M.T. and Ayliffe , L.K. 1999 . Pleistocene extinction of Genyornis newtoni: Human impact on Australian megafauna . Science , 283 : 205 – 208 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milton , K. 2000 . Hunter-gatherer diets—a different perspective . American Journal of Clinical Nutrition , 71 : 665 – 667 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mithen , S. , Finlay , N. , Carruthers , W. , Carter , S. and Ashmore , P. 2001 . Plant use in the Mesolithic: Evidednce from Staosnaig, Isle of Colonsay, Scotland . Journal of Archaeological Science , 28 : 223 – 234 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moen , R.A. , Pastor , J. and Cohen , Y. 1999 . Antler growth and extinction of the Irish elk . Evolutionary Ecology Research , 1 : 235 – 249 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morton , S.R. 1990 . The impact of European settlement ion the vertebrate animals of arid Australia: a conceptual model . Proceedings of the Ecological Society of Australia , 16 : 201 – 213 .
   Google Scholar
• Morwood , M.J. 1987 . The archaeology of social complexity in south-east Queensland . Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society , 53 : 337 – 350 .
   Google Scholar
• Mosimann , J.E. and Martin , P.S. 1975 . Simulating overkill by Paleoindians . American Scientist , 63 : 303 – 313 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mulvaney , J. and Kamminga , J. 1999 . Prehistory of Australia , 480 – 480 . Sydney : Allen & Unwin .
   Google Scholar
• Myers , T.J. 2001 . Marsupial body mass prediction . Australian Journal of Zoology , 49 : 99 – 118 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nanson , G.C. , Price , D.M. and Short , S.A. 1992 . Wetting and drying of Australia over the past 300 ka . Geology , 20 : 791 – 794 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nedin , C. 1991 . The dietary niche of the extinct marsupial lion: Thylacoleo carnifex Owen . Lethaia , 24 : 115 – 118 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nichol , J.E. 1999 . Geomorphological evidence and Pleistocene refugia in Africa . The Geographical Journal , 165 : 79 – 84 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Connell , J.F. , Hawkes , K. , Lupo , K.D. and Burton-Jones , N.G. 2002 . Male strategies and Plio-Pleistocene archaeology . Journal of Human Evolution , 43 : 831 – 872 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orians , G.H. 1969 . Age and hunting success in the brown pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis) . Animal Behavior , 1 : 216 – 319 .
   Google Scholar
• Owen-Smith , R.N. 1988 . Megaherbivores: The Influence of Very Large Body Size on Ecology , 369 – 369 . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Owen-Smith , R.N. 1999 . “ The interaction of humans, megaherbivores, and habitats in the Late Pleistocene extinction event ” . In Extinctions in Near Time: Causes, Contexts, and Consequences , Edited by: MacPhee , R.D.E. and Sues , H.D. 57 – 69 . New York : Klewer Academic/Plenum Publishers . In
   Google Scholar
• Owens , I.P.F. and Bennett , P.M. 2000 . Ecological basis of extinction risk in birds: habitat loss versus human persecution and introduced predators . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) , 97 : 12144 – 12148 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palombo , M.R. and Mussi , M. 2001 . Large mammals guilds and human settlement in the Middle Pleistocene of Italy . Bollettino dell Societa Paleontologica Italiana , 40 : 257 – 267 .
   Google Scholar
• Pavlov , P. , Svendsen , J.I. and Indralid , S. 2001 . Human presence in the arctic circle nearly 40,000 years ago . Nature , 413 : 64 – 67 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peters , S.E. and Foote , M. 2002 . Determinants of extinction in the fossil record . Nature , 416 : 420 – 424 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pitts , M. and Roberts , R. 1997 . Fairweather Eden , London : Century .
   Google Scholar
• Pitulko , V.V. , Nikolsky , P.A. , Girya , E. , Basilyan , A.E. , Turnskoy , V.E. , Koulakov , S.A. , Astakhov , S.N. , Pavlova , E. and Anisimov , M.A. 2004 . The Yana RHS site: Humans in the Arctic before the Last Glacial Maximum . Science , 303 : 52 – 56 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Post , E. , Peterson , R.O. , Stenseth , N. and McLaren , B.E. 1999 . Ecosystem consequences of wolf behavioural response to climate . Nature , 401 : 905 – 907 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Potts , R. and Behrensmeyer , A.K. 1992 . “ Late Cenozoic Terrestrrial Ecosystems ” . In Terrestrial Ecosystems Through Time , Edited by: Behrensmeyer , A.K. , Damuth , J.D. , DiMichelle , W.A. , Potts , R. , Sues , H-D. and Wing , S.L. 419 – 541 . Chicago : University of Chicago Press . In
   Google Scholar
• Pringle , H. 1997 . Ice Age communities may be earliest known net hunters . Science , 277 : 1203 – 1204 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quammen , D. 1997 . The Song of the Dodo: Island Biogeography in an Age of Extinctions , 704 – 704 . New York : Scribner .
   Google Scholar
• Racki , G. and Wrzolek , T. 2001 . Causes of mass extinctions . Lethaia , 34 : 200 – 202 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ragir , S. 2000 . Diet and food preparation: Rethinking early hominid behavior . Evolutionary Anthropology , 9 : 153 – 155 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Real , L.A. 1977 . The kinetics of a functional response . The American Naturalist , 111 : 289 – 300 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richards , M.P. , Pettitt , P.B. , Trinkaus , E. , Smith , F.H. , Paunovic , M. and Karavanic , I. 2000 . Neanderthal diet at Vindija and Neanderthal predation: The evidence from stable isotopes . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) , 97 : 7663 – 7666 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rick , T.C. and Erlandson , J.M. 2000 . Early Holocene fishing strategies on the California coast: Evidence from CA-SBA-2057 . Journal of Archaeological Science , 27 : 621 – 633 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roberts , R.G. 2001 . The last Australian megafauna . Australasian Science , 9 : 40 – 41 .
   Google Scholar
• Roberts , R.G. , Flannery , T.F. , Ayliffe , L.A. , Yoshida , H. , Olley , J.M. , Prideaux , G.J. , Laslett , G.M. , Baynes , A. , Smith , M.A. , Jones , R. and Smith , B.L. 2001 . New ages for the last Australian megafauna: continent-wide extinction about 46,000 years ago . Science , 292 : 1888 – 1892 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roberts , R. , Yoshida , H. , Galbraith , R. , Lastett , G. , Jones , R. and Smith , M. 1998 . Single aliquot and single grain optical dating confirm thermo-luminescence age estimates at Malkunanja II rock shelter in northern Australia . Ancient TL , 16 : 19 – 24 .
   Google Scholar
• Roebroeks , W. 2001 . Hominid behaviour and the earliest occupation of Europe . Journal of Human Evolution , 41 : 437 – 461 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roemer , G.W. , Donlan , C.J. and Courchamp , F. 2002 . Golden eagles, feral pigs, and insular carnivores: How exotic species turn native predators into prey . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America , 99 : 791 – 796 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roosevelt , A.C. 2000 . The settlement of the Americas: a new prehistory. Review . Natural History , 6 : 76 – 79 .
   Google Scholar
• Roosevelt , A.C. , Lima da Costa , M. , Lopes Machado , C. , Michab , M. , Mercier , N. , Valladas , H. , Feathers , J. , Barnett , W. , da Silveira , I. , Henderson , A. , Sliva , J. , Chernoff , B. , Reese , D.S. , Holman , J.A. , Toth , N. and Schick , K. 1996 . Paleoindian cave dwellers in the Amazon: the peopling of the Americas . Science , 272 : 373 – 3385 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmitt , D. and Churchill , S.E. 2003 . Experimental evidence concerning spear use in neandertals and early modern humans . Journal of Archaeological Science , 30 : 103 – 114 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schoeninger , M. 1995 . Stable isotope studies in human evolution . Evolutionary Anthropology , 4 : 83 – 98 .
   Google Scholar
• Schrag , D.P. and Linsley , B.K. 2002 . Corals, chemistry and climate . Science , 296 : 277 – 278 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott , H.H. and Lord , C. 1924 . Studies in Tasmanian mammals, living and extinct. Notes on a mutilated femur of Nototherium . Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania for the Year 1923 , : 56 – 57 .
   Google Scholar
• Shea , J. , Davis , Z. and Brown , K. 2001 . Experimental tests of Middle Palaeolithic spear points using a calibrated crossbow . Journal of Archaeological Science , 28 : 807 – 816 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheppard , J.C. , Wigland , P.E. , Gustafson , C.E. and Rubin , M. 1987 . A reevaluation of the Marines Rockshelter radiocarbon chronology . American Antiquity , 52 : 118 – 125 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Short , J. , Kinnear , J.E. and Robley , A. 2002 . Surplus killing by introduced predators in Australia — evidence for ineffective anti-predator adaptations in native prey species . Biological Conservation , 103 : 283 – 301 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simberloff , D. 2000 . Extinction proneness of island species — causes and management implications . The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology , 48 : 1 – 9 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slayman , A.L. 1996 . Siberian fluted point . Archaeology , 49 : 120 – 120 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith , V.L. 1975 . The primitive hunter culture, Pleistocene extinction, and the rise of agriculture . The Journal of Political Economy , 83 : 727 – 756 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sole , R.V. , Alonso , D. and McKane , A. 2002 . Self-organized instability in complex ecosystems . Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B , 357 : 667 – 681 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Solow , A.R. and Smith , W.K. 2000 . Testing for a mass extinction without selecting taxa . Paleobiology , 26 : 647 – 650 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soule , M.E. 1983 . “ What do we really know about extinction? ” . In Genetics and Conservation: A Reference for Managing Wild Animal and Plant Populations , Edited by: Shonewald-Cox , C.M. , Chambers , S.M. , MacBryde , B. and Thomas , W.L. 111 – 124 . Menlo Park, California : Benjamin/Cummings . In
   Google Scholar
• Speth , J.D. and Speilman , K.A. 1983 . Energy source, protein metabolism, and hunter-gatherer subsistence strategies . Journal of Anthropological Archaeology , 2 : 1 – 31 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sponheimer , M. and Lee-Thorpe , J.A. 2001 . Isotopic evidence for the diet of an early hominid, Australopithecus africanus . Science , 283 : 368 – 370 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stafford , T.W. Jr , Graham , R.W. , Semken , H.A. and Southon , J. 1999 . “ AMS 14C chronologies for late Pleistocene mammal extinctions and human migrations in North America ” . In Papers in Vertebrate Palaeontology , Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 57 Edited by: Baynes , A. and Long , J.A. 418 – 418 . In
   Google Scholar
• Steadman , D.W. , White , J.P. and Allen , J. 1999 . Prehistoric birds from New Ireland, Papua New Guinea: Extinctions on a large Melanesian island . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) , 96 : 2563 – 2568 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steadman , D.W. , Pregill , G.K. and Burley , D.V. 2002 . Rapid prehistoric extinction of iguanas and birds in Polynesia . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) , 99 : 3673 – 3677 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stoddart , D.M. 1982 . Demonstration of olfactory discrimination by the short-tailed vole, Microtis agrestis . Animal Behaviour , 30 : 293 – 294 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stoddart , D.M. 1982 . Does trap odour influence estimation of population size of the short-tailed vole, Microtus agrestis? . Journal of Animal Ecology , 51 : 375 – 386 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strahan , R. 1995 . The Mammals of Australia , 756 – 756 . Sydney : Reed Books .
   Google Scholar
• Stringer , C. and McKie , R. 1996 . African Exodus , 272 – 272 . London : Jonothan Cape .
   Google Scholar
• Straus , L.G. 1993 . “ Upper Palaeolithic hunting tactics and weapons in Western Europe ” . In Hunting and Animal Exploitation in the Later Palaeolithic and Mesolithic of Eurasia , Archaeological Papers of the Anthropological Association 4 Edited by: Peterkin , G.L. , Bricker , H.M. and Mellars , P.M. 84 – 93 . In
   Google Scholar
• Stuart , A.J. 1991 . Mammalian extinctions in the late Pleistocene of Northern Eurasia and North America . Biological Review , 66 : 453 – 562 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stuart , A.J. 1999 . “ Late Pleistocene megafaunal extinctions: A European perspective ” . In Extinctions in Near Time: Causes, Contexts, and Consequences , Edited by: MacPhee , R.D.E. and Sues , H. 257 – 269 . New York : Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers . In
   Google Scholar
• Tacon , P.S.C. and Brockwell , S. 1995 . Arnhem Land prehistory in landscape, stone and paint . Antiquity , 69 : 676 – 695 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tacon , P.S.C. and Pardoe , C. 2002 . Dogs make us human . Nature Australia , 27 : 52 – 61 .
   Google Scholar
• Terborgh , J. , Lopez , L. , Nunez , P. , Rao , M. , Shahabuddin , G. , Orihuela , G. , Rtveros , M. , Ascanio , R. , Adler , G.H. , Lambert , T.D. and Balbas , L. 2001 . Ecological meltdown in predator-free forest fragments . Science , 294 : 1923 – 1926 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Theme , H. 1997 . Lower Palaeolithic hunting spears from Germany . Nature , 385 : 807 – 810 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson , R.S. and Anderson , K.H. 2000 . Biomes of western North America at 18,000, 6,000 and 0 C14 BP reconstructed from pollen and packrat midden data . Journal of Biogeography , 27 : 555 – 584 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thorne , A. , Grün , R. , Mortimer , G. , Spooner , N.A. , Simpson , J.J. , McCulloch , M. , Taylor , L. and Curnoe , D. 1999 . Australia's oldest human remains: age of the Lake Mungo 3 skeleton . Journal of Human Evolution , 36 : 591 – 612 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torre , D. , Abbazzi , L. , Bertini , A. , Fanfani , F. , Ficcarelli , G. , Massini , F. , Mazza , P. and Rook , L. 2001 . Structural changes in Italian Late Pliocene-Pleistocene large mammal assemblages . Bollettino dell Societa Paleontologica Italiana , 40 : 303 – 306 .
   Google Scholar
• Toth , N. 1987 . The first technology . Scientific American , 256 : 112 – 121 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turner , A. and Anton , M. 1997 . The Big Cats and their Fossil Relatives , New York : Columbia University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Turney , C.S.M. , Bird , M.I. and Roberts , R.G. 2001 . Elemental C13 at Allen's Cave, Nullarbor Plain, Australia: Assessing post-depositional disturbance and reconstructing past environments . Journal of Quaternary Science , 16 : 779 – 784 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Valkenburgh , B. 1990 . “ Skeletal and dental predictors of body mass in carnivores ” . In Body Size in Mammalian Paleobiology: Estimation and Biological Implications , Edited by: Damuth , J. and MacFadden , B.J. 181 – 205 . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press . In
   Google Scholar
• Van Valkenburgh , B. 1991 . Iterative evolution of hypercarnivory in canids Mammalia: Carnivora: evolutionary interactions among sympatric predators . Paleobiology , 17 : 340 – 432 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vekua , A. , Lordkipanidze , D. , Riohtmire , G.P. , Agusti , J. , Ferring , R. , Maisuradze , G. , Mouskhelishvili , A. , Nioradze , M. , Leon , M.P.de , Tappen , M. , Tvalchrelidze , M. and Zollikofer , C. 2002 . A new skull of Early Homo from Dmanisi, Georgia . Science , 297 : 85 – 89 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Veron , G. 1995 . La position systematique de Cryptoprocta ferox Carnivora. Analyse cladistique des caracteres morphologiques de carnivores Aeluroidea actuels et fossiles . Mammalia , 59 : 551 – 582 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vickers , W.T. 1991 . “ Hunting yields and game composition over ten years in an Amazonian community ” . In Neotropical Wildlife Use and Conservation , Edited by: Robinson , J.C. and Redford , K.H. 53 – 81 . Chicago : University of Chicago Press . In
   Google Scholar
• Vickers , W.T. 1994 . From opportunism to nascent conservation: The case of the Siona-Secoya . Human Nature , 5 : 307 – 337 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Villa , C. , Savolainen , P. , Maldonado , J.E. , Amorim , I.R. , Rice , J.E. , Honeycutt , R.L. , Crandall , K.A. , Lundeberg , J. and Wayne , R.K. 1997 . Multiple ancient origins of the domestic dog . Science , 276 : 1687 – 1689 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Villa , P. and D'Errico , F. 2001 . Bone and ivory points in the Lower and Middle Paleolithic of Europe . Journal of Human Evolution , 41 : 69 – 112 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walther , G-R. , Post , E. , Convey , P. , Menzel , A. , Parmesan , C. , Beebee , T.J.C. , Fromentin , J-M. , Hoegh-Guldberg , O. and Bairlein , F. 2002 . Ecological responses to recent climate change . Nature , 416 : 389 – 395 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ward , P.D. 1997 . The Call of Distant Mammoths: Why the Ice Age Mammals Disappeared , 241 – 241 . New York : Springer-Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Watanabe , S. , Ayta , W.E.F. , Hamaguchi , H. , Guidon , N. , Salvia , E.S. , Maranca , S. and Filho , O.B. 2003 . Some evidence of a date of first humans to arrive in Brazil . Journal of Archaeological Science , 30 : 351 – 354 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Webb , S.D. 1984 . “ Ten million years of extinctions in North America ” . In Quaternary Extinctions: A Prehistoric Revolution , Edited by: Martin , P.S. and Klein , R.G. 189 – 210 . Tucson : University of Arizona Press . In
   Google Scholar
• Wells , R.T. , Horton , D.R. and Rogers , P. 1982 . “ Thylacoleo carnifex Owen Thylacoleonidae: Marsupial carnivore? ” . In Carnivorous Marsupials , Edited by: Archer , M. 573 – 586 . Sydney : Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales . In
   Google Scholar
• White , M.E. 1998 . After the Greening: The Browning of Australia , Sydney : Kangaroo Press .
   Google Scholar
• Whittaker , R.J. , Willis , K.J. and Field , R. 2001 . Scale and species richness: towards a general hierarchical theory of species diversity . Journal of Biogeography , 28 : 453 – 470 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilkes , O. 2000 . Were moas really hunted to extinction in less than 100 years? . Archaeology in New Zealand , 43 : 195 – 201 .
   Google Scholar
• Williams , G. 1984 . “ In the flightless tradition, New Zealand ” . In Vertebrate Zoogeography and Evolution in Australasia , Edited by: Archer , M. and Clayton , G. 1103 – 1105 . Sydney : Hesperian Press . In
   Google Scholar
• Williams , S.E. 1997 . Patterns of mammalian species-richness in Australian tropical rainforests: Are extinctions during historical contractions of the rainforest the primary determinants of current regional patterns in biodiversity? . Wildlife Research , 24 : 513 – 530 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams , J.W. , Thompson , W. , Rich , P.H. and Newby , P. 2000 . Late Quaternary biomes of Canada and the eastern United States . Journal of Biogeography , 27 : 585 – 607 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winterhalder , B. and Lu , F. 1997 . A forager-resource population ecology model and implications for indigenous conservation . Conservation Biology , 11 : 1354 – 1364 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Witt , G.B. and Ayliffe , L.K. 2001 . Carbon isotope variability in the bone collagen of red kangaroos Macropus rufus is age dependent: Implications for palaeodietary studies . Journal of Archaeological Science , 28 : 247 – 252 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Worthy , T.H. 2000 . Two glacial avifaunas from eastern North Island, New Zealand: Te Aute Swamp and Wheturau Quarry . Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand , 30 : 1 – 26 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wroe , S. 1999 . Killer kangaroos and other murderous marsupials . Scientific American , 280 : 58 – 64 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wroe , S. 1999 . The Bird from Hell? . Nature Australia , 27 : 68 – 74 .
   Google Scholar
• Wroe , S. 2000 . Move over sabre-toothed tiger . Nature Australia , 26 : 44 – 51 .
   Google Scholar
• Wroe , S. 2001 . Maximucinus muirheadae, gen. et sp. nov. Thylacinidae, Marsupialia, from the Miocene of Riversleigh, northwestern Queensland, with estimates of body weights for fossil thylacinids . Australian Journal of Zoology , 49 : 603 – 614 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wroe , S. 2002 . A review of terrestrial mammalian and reptilian carnivore ecology in Australian fossil faunas and factors influencing their diversity: The myth of reptilian domination and its broader ramifications . Australian Journal of Zoology , 50 : 1 – 24 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wroe , S. 2003 . “ Australian marsupial carnivores: An overview of recent advances in palaeontology ” . In Predators with Pouches: The Biology of Carnivorous Marsupials , Edited by: Jones , M. , Dickman , C. and Archer , M. 71 – 94 . Melbourne : CSIRO Publishing . In
   Google Scholar
• Wroe , S. , Argot , C. and Dickman . 2004 . On the rarity of big fierce carnivores and the primacy of isolation and area: Tracking large mammalian carnivore diversity on two isolated continents . Proceedings of the Royal Society (London), series B , in press
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wroe , S. and Field , J. 2001 . Megafaunal mystery remains . Australasian Science , 22 : 21 – 25 .
   Google Scholar
• Wroe , S. and Field , J. 2001 . On giant-wombats and red-herrings . Australasian Science , 24 : 18 – 18 .
   Google Scholar
• Wroe , S. , Field , J. and Fullagar , R. 2002 . Lost giants . Nature Australia , 27 : 54 – 61 .
   Google Scholar
• Wroe , S. , Myers , T.J. , Wells , R.T. and Gillespie , A. 1999 . Estimating the weight of the Pleistocene Marsupial Lion Thylacoleo carnifex: Thylacoleonidae: Implications for the ecomorphology of a marsupial super-predator and hypotheses of impoverishment of Australian marsupial carnivore faunas . Australian Journal of Zoology , 47 : 489 – 498 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wroe , S. , Myers , T.J. , Seebacher , F. , Kear , B. , Gillespie , A. , Crowther , M. and Salisbury , S. 2003 . An alternative method for predicting body mass: The case of the Pleistocene marsupial lion . Paleobiology , 29 : 403 – 411 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wroe , S. , Crowther , M. , Dortch , J. and Chong , J. 2004 . The size of the largest marsupial and why it matters . Proceedings of the Royal Society (London), series B (Supplement) , 271 : S34 – S36 .
   Google Scholar
• Yoder , A.D. , Burns , M.M. , Zehr , S. , Delefosse , T. , Veron , G. , Goodman , S.M. and Flynn , J.J. 2003 . Single origin of Malagasy Carnivore from an African ancestor . Nature , 421 : 734 – 737 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar