314
Views
65
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

A new crocodylian from the Early Eocene of south-eastern Queensland and a preliminary investigation of the phylogenetic relationships of crocodyloids

&
Pages 179-226 | Received 19 Nov 1994, Published online: 27 Nov 2008

REFERENCES

  • Ahmad , R. and Hostetler , P.B. 1994 . “ Hydrochemical controls on the formation of primary dolomite in some ephemeral lakes in the Coorong region of South Australia ” . In Proceedings of the 29th International Geological Congress, Japan, Part A 265 – 280 .
  • Anderson , I. 1993 . Diggers at Dinosaur Cove . New Scientist 13th February , 1993 : 28 – 32 .
  • Andrews , C.W. 1905 . Notes on some new crocodilia from the Eocene of Egypt . Geological Magazine, London , 11 : 481 – 484 .
  • Andrews , C.W. 1906 . A descriptive catalog of the Tertiary vertebrates of the Fayum (Egypt) . Bristish Museum (Natural History), London, Geologica Vertebrata , : 1 – 342 .
  • Antunes , M.T. 1961 . Tomistoma lusitanica, Crocodilien du Miocène du Portugal . Revista Fac. Ciências Lisboa, 2e série, C , 9 : 5 – 88 .
  • Antunes , M.T. 1962 . Presencea de Osteolaemus tetraspis nas lagoas asfalticas de Sassa-Zau (Maiombe) . Estud. Cient. Homonagem Prof. Dr. J. Carrington da costa , : 67 – 76 .
  • Aoki , R. 1989 . The jaw mechanics in the heterodont crocodilians . Current Herpetology in East Asia , XX : 17 – 21 .
  • Archer , M. , Godthelp , H. and Hand , S.J. 1993 . Early Eocene marsupial from Australia . Kaupia: Darmstadter Beitrage zur Naturgeschichte , 3 : 193 – 200 .
  • Auffenberg , W. 1982 . The behavioural ecology of the Komodo Dragon , 406 – 406 . Gainesville : University Presses of Florida .
  • Ax , P. 1985 . Stem species and the stem lineage concept . Cladistics , 1 : 279 – 286 .
  • Balouet , C.J. and Buffetaut , E. 1987 . Mekosuchus inexpectatus n. g. n. sp. Crocodilian nouveau de l'Holocene d Nouvelle Caledonie . Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Academie des Sciences Paris , 304 : 853 – 857 . (II 14)
  • Benton , M.J. and Clark , J.M. 1988 . “ Archosaur phylogeny and the relationships of the Crocodilia ” . In The phylogeny and classification of tetrapods. Systematics Association Special Volume No. 35A , Edited by: Benton , M.J. 295 – 338 . Oxford : Clarendon . In
  • Berg , D.E. 1966 . Die Krokodile, insbesondere Asiatosuchus und aff. Sebecus?, aus dem Eozän von Messel bei Darmstadt/Hessen . Abhandlungen des Hessischen Landesamts für Bondesforschung , 52 : 105S – 105S .
  • Boles , W.E. , Godthelp , H. , Hand , S. and Archer , M. 1994 . Earliest non-marine bird assemblage from the early Eocene Tingamarra Local Fauna, Murgon, southeastern Queensland . Alcheringa , 18 : 70 – 70 .
  • Bolt , J.R. 1974 . Evolution and functional interpretation of some suture patterns in Paleozoic labyrinthodont amphibians and other lower tetrapods . Journal of Paleontology , 48 : 434 – 458 .
  • Brochu , C.A. 1991 . Ontogeny and comparative morphology of the ilium in fossil and recent eusuchian crocodylomorphs . Society of Vertebrate Palaeontologists, San Diego, 1991 , Abstracts.
  • Brochu , C.A. 1992 a . Late-stage ontogenetic changes in the postcranium of crocodylians . Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology , 12 : 19A – 19A .
  • Brochu , C.A. 1992 b . Ontogeny of the postcranium in crocodylomorph archosaurs , Austin, Texas : The University of Texas at Austin . Masters thesis, (unpubl.).
  • Brooks , D.R. and O'Grady , R.T. 1989 . Crocodilians and their helminth parasites: macroevolutionary considerations . American Zoologist , 29 : 873 – 883 .
  • Buffetaut , E. 1978 . Sur l'historie phylogénétique et biogéographique des Gavialidae (Crocodylia, Eusuchia) . Competes Rendus Hebomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences , 287 D : 911 – 914 .
  • Buffetaut , E. 1982 a . Un problème de paléobiogéographie continental: les crocodiles mésosuchiens ziphodontes de l'Éocène européen . Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France , 24 : 1101 – 1107 .
  • Buffetaut , E. 1982 b . Systematique, origine et evolution des Gavialidae Sud-Americains . Geobios, special memoirs , 6 : 127 – 140 .
  • Buffetaut , E. 1985 . The place of Gavialis and Tomistoma in eushchian evolution: a reconsiliation of palaeontological and biochemical data . Neues Jahrbruch für Geologie und Paläontologie Monatshefte , 45 : 707 – 716 .
  • Buffetaut , E. 1987 . The ziphodont mesosuchian crocodile from Messel: a reassessment . International Messel Symposium, Frankfurt , Abstracts.
  • Buffetaut , E. and Ford , R.L.E. 1979 . The crocodilian Bernissartia in the Wealden of the Isle of Wight . Palaeontology , 22 : 905 – 912 .
  • Busbey , A.B. 1977 . Functional morphology of the head of Pristichampsus vorax (Crocodilia, Eusuchia) from the Eocene of North America , Texas : University of Texas . Masters Thesis, (unpubl.)
  • Busbey , A.B. 1989 . An Eocene caiman from the Texas Gulf Coast . Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology , 9 15A
  • Busbey , A.B. 1995 . “ The structural consequences of skull flattening in crocodilians ” . In Functional morphology in vertebrate paleontology , Edited by: Thomason , J.J. 173 – 192 . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press . In
  • Buscalioni , A.D. Historical perspective and modern systematics of the early Cenozoic genus Diplocynodon . International Conference Monument Grube Messel — Perspectives and Relationships. Hessisches Landesmuseum . Darmstadt. Abstracts.
  • Buscalioni , A.D. and Sanz , J.L. 1990 . The small crocodile Bernissartia fagesii from the lower Cretaceous of Galve (Teruel, Spain) . Bulletin de L'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique , 60 : 129 – 150 .
  • Buscalioni , A.D. , Sanz , J.L. and Casanovas , M.L. 1992 . A new species of the eusuchian crocodile Diplocynodon from the Eocene of Spain . Neues Jahr-bruch für Geologie und Paläontologie Abhanlungen , 187 : 1 – 29 .
  • Cain , A.J. 1982 . “ On homology and convergence ” . In Problems of phylogenetic reconstruction , Edited by: Joysey , K.A. and Friday , A.E. 1 – 19 . London : Academic Press . In
  • Clark , J.M. 1994 . “ Patterns of evolution in Mesozoic Crocodyliformes ” . In In the shadow of the dinosaurs , Edited by: Fransen , N.C. and Sues , H.-D. 84 – 97 . New York : Cambridge . In
  • Clark , J.M. and Norell , M.A. 1990 . The oldest known eusuchian crocodylomorph, Hylaeochampsa, and the origin of the eusuchian palate . Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology , 10 : 18A – 18A .
  • Clark , J.M. and Norell , M.A. 1992 . The early Cretaceous crocodylomorph Hylaeochampsa vectina from the Wealden of the Isle of Wight . American Museum Novitates , 3032 : 1 – 19 .
  • Coulson , R.A. and Hernadez , T. 1983 . Alligator metabolism: studies on chemical reactions in vivo . Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology , 74 : 1 – 182 .
  • Cott , H.B. 1961 . Scientific results of an inquiry into the ecology and economic status of the Nile crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus) in Uganda and Northern Rhodesia . Transactions of the Zoological Society of London , 29 : 211 – 236 .
  • Deeming , D.C. and Ferguson , M. 1989 . The mechanism of temperature dependant sex determination in crocodilians; a hypothesis . Amererican Zoologist , 29 : 973 – 985 .
  • Densmore , L.D. 1983 . Biochemical and immunological systematics of the Order Crocodylia . Evolutionary Biology , 15 : 397 – 465 .
  • Densmore , L.D. and Dessauer , H.H. 1984 . Low levels of protein divergence between Gavialis and Tomistoma as evidence for crocodilian monophyly . Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B Comparative Biochemistry , 77 : 715 – 720 .
  • Densmore , L.D. and Owen , R.D. 1989 . Molecular systematics of the order Crocodilia . American Zoologist , 29 : 831 – 841 .
  • Densmore , L.D. and White , S. 1991 . The systematics and evolution of the Crocodilia as suggested by restriction endonuclease analysis of mitochondrial and ribosomal DNA . Copeia , 1991 : 602 – 615 .
  • DeQueiroz , K. and Gauthier , J.A. 1990 . Phylogeny as the central principle in taxonomy: phylogenetic definitions of taxon names . Systematic Zoology , 39 : 307 – 322 .
  • DeQueiroz , K. and Gauthier , J.A. 1992 . Phylogenetic taxonomy . Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics , 23 : 449 – 480 .
  • Deraniyagala , P.E.P. 1939 . The tetrapod reptiles of Ceylon, Vol. 1: Testudinates and Crocodilians , 412 – 412 . London : Dulau and Co. .
  • Elsey , R.M. , Joanen , T. , McNease , L. and Lance , V. 1990 . Growth rate and plasma corticosterone levels in juvenile alligators maintained at different stocking densities . Journal of Experimental Zoology , 255 : 30 – 36 .
  • Engelmann , G.F. and Wiley , E.O. 1977 . The place of ancestor-descendant relationships in phylogeny reconstruction . Systematic Zoology , 26 : 1 – 11 .
  • Erickson , B.R. 1976 . “ Osteology of the early eusuchian crocodile Leidyosuchus formidabilis, sp. nov. ” . In Monograph of the Science Museum of Minnesota, Volume 2: Paleontology 1 – 61 .
  • Ferguson , N.W.J. 1984 . “ Craniofacial development in Alligator mississippiensis ” . In The structure, development and evolution of reptiles, Symposia of the Zoological Society of London 52 , Edited by: Ferguson , N.W.J. 223 – 273 . New York : Academic Press . In
  • Frey , E. 1982 . Ecology, locomotion and tail muscle anatomy of crocodiles . Neues Jahrbruch für Geologie und Paläontologie Abhandlungen , 164 : 194 – 199 .
  • Frey , E. , Laemmert , A. and Reiß , J. 1987 . Baryphracta deponiae n. g. n. sp. (Reptilia, Crocodilia), ein neues krokodil aus der Grube Messel bei Darmstadt (Hessen, Bundesrepublik Deutschland) . Neues Jahrbruch für Geologie und Paläontologie Monatshefte , 1 : 15 – 26 .
  • Gaffney , E.S. and Bartholomai , A. 1979 . Fossil trionychids of Australia . Journal of Paleontology , 53 : 1354 – 1360 .
  • Gasparini , Z. , Chiappe , M. and Fernandez , M. 1991 . A new Senonian peirosaurid (Crocodylomorpha) from Argentina and a synopsis of the South American Cretaceous crocodilians . Journal of Vertebrate Paleontolgy , 11 : 316 – 333 .
  • Gatesy , J. and Amato , G.D. 1992 . Sequence similarity of 12s robosomal segment of mitochondral DNA's of gharial and false gharial . Copeia , 1992 : 241 – 243 .
  • Gilmore , C.W. 1910 . Leidyosuchus sternbergii, a new species of crocodile from the ceratops beds of Wyoming . Proceedings of the United states National Museum , 38 ( 1762 ) : 485 – 502 .
  • Godthelp , H. , Archer , M. , Cifelli , R. , Hand , S.J. and Gilkeson , C.F. 1992 . Earliest known Australian Tertiary mammal fauna . Nature , 3569 : 514 – 515 .
  • Godthelp , H. , Archer , M. , Hand , S. and Sutherland , L. 1991 . “ The Tingamarra Local Fauna. Early Tertiary vertebrates from southeastern Queensland ” . In CAVEPS '91; Conference on Australasian Vertebrate Evolution, Palaeontology and Systematics, Alice Springs Abstracts.
  • Gorzula , S. 1987 . “ The management of crocodilians in Venezuela ” . In Wildlife management: crocodiles and alligators , Edited by: Webb , G.J.W. , Manolis , S.C. and Whitehead , P.J. 91 – 101 . Chipping Norton, N.S.W. : Surrey Beatty and Sons . In
  • Hand , S. , Novacek , M. , Godthelp , H. and Archer , M. 1994 . First Eocene bat from Australia . Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology , 14 : 375 – 381 .
  • Harland , W.B. , Armstrong , R.L. , Cox , A.V. , Smith , A.G. and Smith , D.G. 1990 . A geological time scale 1989 , 263 – 263 . Sydney : Cambridge University Press .
  • Hass , C.A. , Hoffman , M.A. , Densmore , L.D.I. and Maxson , L.R. 1992 . Crocodilian evolution: insights from immunological data . Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution , 1 : 193 – 201 .
  • Haubold , H.V. 1983 . “ Wirbeltiere (Vertebrata) ” . In Das eozäne Geiseltal: ein mitteleüropäisches Braunkohlenvorkommen und seine Pflanzen- und Teirwelt , Edited by: Krumbiegel , G. , Rüffle , L. and Haubold , H.V. 230 – 230 . A. Ziemsen Verlag, Wittenberg Lutherstadt . In
  • Haubold , H.V. and Krunbimgel , G. 1984 . Typenkatalog der Wirbeltiere aus dem Eozün des Geiseltals , Wittenberg : Martin-Luther-Universität Halle .
  • Hills , E.S. 1943 . Tertiary fresh-water fishes and crocodilian remains from Gladstone and Duaringa, Queensland . Memoirs of the Queensland Museum , 12 : 96 – 100 .
  • Hollands , M. 1987 . “ The magement of crocodiles in Papua New Guinea ” . In Wildlife management: crocodiles and alligators , Edited by: Webb , G.J.W. , Manolis , S.C. and Whitehead , P.J. 73 – 89 . Chipping Norton, N.S.W. : Surrey Beatty and Sons . In
  • Hunt , R.H. 1977 . Aggressive behaviour by adult Morlet's crocodiles, Crocodylus moreleti towards young . Herpetologica , 33 : 195 – 201 .
  • Hunt , R.H. and Watanabe , M.E. 1982 . Observations on maternal behaviour of the American Alligator, Alligator mississippiensis . Journal of Herpetology , 16 : 235 – 239 .
  • Hutton , J. 1989 . Movements, home range, dispersal and separation of size classes in Nile Crocodiles . American Zoologist , 29 : 1033 – 1049 .
  • Iordansky , N.N. 1973 . “ The skull of the Crocodilia ” . In Biology of the Reptilia , Edited by: Gans , C. and Parsons , T.S. 201 – 262 . London : Academic Press . In
  • Joanen , T. and McNease , L.L. 1989 . Ecology and physiology of nesting and early development of the American Alligator . American Zoologist , 29 : 987 – 998 .
  • Kälin , J.A. 1933 . Beiträge zur vergleichenden Osteologie des Crocodilidenschädels . Zoologische Jarbücher , 57 : 535 – 714 .
  • Kälin , J.A. 1955 . Zur Stammesgeschichte der Crocodilia . Revue Suisse de Zoologie , 62 : 347 – 357 .
  • Kuhn , O. 1938 . Die crocodilier aus dem mittleren Eozän des Geiseltales bei Halle . Nova Acta Leopoldina , 6 : 313 – 328 .
  • Kuhn , O. 1968 . Die Vorzeitlichen Krokodile , 124 – 124 . Munich : Oeben .
  • Langston , W. 1965 . Fossil crocodilians from Colombia and the Cenozoic history of the Crocodilia in South America . University of California publications in Geological Science , 52 : 157 – 157 .
  • Langston , W. 1973 . “ The crocodilian skull in historical perspective ” . In Biology of the Reptilia , Edited by: Gans , C. and Parsons , T.S. 263 – 284 . London : Academic Press . In
  • Langston , W. 1975 . Ziphodont crocodiles: Pristichampsus vorax (Troxell), new combination, from the Eocene of North America . Fieldiana Geology , 33 : 291 – 314 .
  • Lucas , S.G. and Sullivan , R.M. 1986 . Leidyosuchus (Reptilia, Crocodilia) from the Paleocene Nacimiento Formation, San Juan Basin, New Mexico . New Mexico Journal of Science , 26 : 31 – 38 .
  • Lull , R.S. 1944 . Fossil gavials from north India . American Journal of Science , 242 : 417 – 430 .
  • Maddison , W.P. , Donoghue , M.J. and Maddison , D.R. 1984 . Outgroup analysis and parsimony . Systematic Zoology , 33 : 83 – 103 .
  • Magnusson , W.E. , Da Silva , E.V. and Lima , A.P. 1987 . Diets of Amazonian crocodilians . Journal of Herpetology , 21 : 85 – 95 .
  • Magnusson , W.E. , Grigg , G.C. and Taylor , J.A. 1978 . An aerial survey of potential nesting areas of the Salt-water Crocodile, Crocodylus porosus Schneider, on the north coast of Arnhem Land, Northern Australia . Australian Wildlife Research , 5 : 401 – 415 .
  • Magnusson , W.E. and Lima , A.P. 1991 . The ecology of a cryptic predator, Paleosuchus trigonatus, in a tropical rainforest . Journal of Herpetology , 25 : 41 – 48 .
  • Mazzotti , F.J. , Bohnsack , B. , McMahon , M.P. and Wilcox , J.R. 1986 . Field and labaratory observations on the effects of high temperature and salinity on hatchling Crocodylus acutus . Herpetologica , 42 : 191 – 196 .
  • McGowran , B. 1989 . The later Eocene transgressions in southern Australia . Alcheringa , 13 : 45 – 68 .
  • McNamara , G. 1993 . “ Cape Hillsborough: a dated Eocene-Oligocene vertebrate fossil site from Northeastern Queensland ” . In CAVEPS '93; Conference on Australasian Vertebrate Evolution, Palaeontology and Systematics, Adelaide Abstracts.
  • Megirian , D. 1994 . A new species of Quinkana Molnar (Eusuchia: Crocodylidae) from the Miocene Camfield Beds of Northern Australia . The Beagle, Records of the Northern Territory Museum of Arts and Sciences , 11 : 145 – 166 .
  • Megirian , D. , Murray , P.F. and Willis , P.M.A. 1991 . A new crocodile of the gavial ecomorph morphology from the Miocene of northern Australia . The Beagle, Records of the Northern Territory Museum of Arts and Sciences , 8 : 135 – 158 .
  • Messel , H. and Vorlicek , G. 1987 . “ A population model for Crocodylus porosus in the tidal waterways of Northern Australia ” . In Wildlife management: crocodiles and alligators , Edited by: Webb , G.J.W. , Manolis , S.C. and Whitehead , P.J. 189 – 198 . Chipping Norton, N.S.W. : Surrey Beatty and Sons . In
  • Meyer , E.R. 1984 . “ Crocodilians as living fossils ” . In Living fossils , Edited by: Etheridge , N. and Stanley , S.M. 105 – 131 . New York : Springer Verlag . In
  • Molnar , R.E. 1969 . The jaw musculature and mechanics of the Eocene crocodilian, Sebecus icaeorhinus , Austin : University of Texas at Austin . Masters Thesis, (unpubl.).
  • Molnar , R.E. 1980 . Procoelous crocodile from Lower Cretaceous of Lightning Ridge, N.S.W. . Memoirs of the Queensland Museum , 20 : 65 – 75 .
  • Molnar , R.E. 1981 . Pleistocene ziphodont crocodilians of Queensland . Records of the Australiam Museum , 33 : 803 – 834 .
  • Molnar , R.E. 1982 . Pallimnarchus and other Cenozoic crocodiles of Queensland . Memoirs of the Queensland Museum , 20 : 657 – 673 .
  • Molnar , R.E. 1991 . “ Fossil reptiles in Australia ” . In Vertebrate palaeontology of Australasia , Edited by: Vickers-Rich , P. , Monaghan , J.M. , Baird , R.F. and Rich , T.H. 604 – 702 . Melbourne : Pioneer Design Studio . In
  • Mook , C.C. 1925 . A revision of the Mesozoic Crocodilia of North America . Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History , 51 : 319 – 432 .
  • Mook , C.C. 1940 . A new fossil crocodilian from Mongolia . American Museum Novitates , 1097 : 1 – 3 .
  • Mook , C.C. 1941 . A new crocodilian from the Lance Formation . American Museum Novitates , 1128 : 1 – 5 .
  • Mook , C.C. 1960 . Diplocynodon remains from the Bridger Beds of Wyoming . American Museum Novitates , 2007 : 1 – 3 .
  • Mook , C.C. 1962 . A new species of Brachyuranochampsa (Crocodilia) from the Bridger Beds of Wyoming . American Museum Novitates , 2079 : 1 – 6 .
  • Müller , L. 1927 . Ergebnisse der Forschungsreisen Prof. E. Stromer in den Wüsten Ägyptens. V. Tertiäre Wirbeltiere. 1. Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Krokodilier des ägyptischen Tertiärs . Abhandlungen der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Mathematischnaturwissenschaftliche Abteilung , 31 : 1 – 96 .
  • Murphy , P.R. , Schwarzbock , H. , Cranfield , L.C. , Withnall , I.W. and Murray , C.G. 1976 . Geology of the Gympie 1:250,000 sheet area . Geological Survey of Queensland Report , 96 : 1 – 157 .
  • Nopsca , F. 1928 . Palaeontological notes on reptiles . Geologica Hungarica, Ser. Paleontologica , 1 : 1 – 84 .
  • Norell , M.A. 1988 . Cladistic approaches to evolution and paleobiology as applied to the phylogeny of alligatorids , New Haven : Yale University . PhD thesis, (unpubl.).
  • Norell , M.A. 1989 . The higher level relationships of the extant crocodilia . Journal of Herpetology , 23 : 325 – 335 .
  • Norell , M.A. and Clark , J.M. 1990 . A reanalysis of Bernissartia fagesii, with comments on its phylogenetic position and its bearing on the origin and diagnosis of the Eusuchia . Bulletin de L'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique , 60 : 115 – 128 .
  • Norell , M.A. , Clark , J.M. and Hutchinson , J.H. 1994 . The Late Cretaceous alligatoroid Brachychampsa Montana (Crocodylia): new material and putative relationships . American Museum Novitates , 3116 : 1 – 26 .
  • Norell , M.A. and Storrs , G.W. 1989 . Catalogue and review of the type fossil crocodilians in the Yale Peabody Museum . Postilla , 203 : 1 – 28 .
  • Orson , R.A. , Simpson , R.L. and Good , R.E. 1990 . Rates of sediment accumulation in a tidal freshwater marsh . Journal of Sedimentary Petrology , 60 : 859 – 869 .
  • Owen , R. 1849–84 . A history of Bristish fossil reptiles Volume 2 , London : Casell and Company .
  • Paolillo , A.O. and Gorzula , S. 1985 . Note on terrestrial migration in Paleosuchus palpebrosus (Dwarf Caiman) . Herpetological Review , 16 : 27 – 27 .
  • Pooley , A.C. 1969 . Preliminary studies on the breeding of the Nile Crocodile, Crocodylus niloticus in Zululand . Lammergeyer , 10 : 22 – 24 .
  • Rich , T.H. , Archer , M. , Hand , S.J. , Godthelp , H. , Muirhead , J. , Pledge , N.S. , Lundelius , E.L. , Flannery , T.F. , Rich , L.S.V. , Woodburne , M.O. , Case , J.A. , Whitelaw , M.J. , Tedford , R.H. , Kemp , A. , Turnbull , W.D. and Rich , P.V. 1991 . “ Australian Mesozoic and Tertiary terrestrial mammal localities ” . In Vertebrate palaeontology of Australasia , Edited by: Vickers-Rich , P. , Monaghan , J.M. , Baird , R.F. and Rich , T.H. 1005 – 1070 . Melbourne : Pioneer Design Studio . In
  • Rich , T.H. and Vickers-Rich , P. 1992 . The decline and fall of the Labyrinthodontia . The Beagle, Records of the Northern Territory Museum of Arts and Sciences , 9 : 263 – 246 .
  • Riek , E.F. 1952 . The fossil insects of the Tertiary Redbank Plains Series. Part I: an outline of the fossil assemblage with descriptions of the fossil insects of the orders Mecoptera and Neuroptera . University of Queensland Papers, Department of Geology , 4 : 3 – 14 .
  • Ross , C.A. 1989 . Crocodiles and alligators , Sydney : Golden Press .
  • Romer , A.S. 1956 . Osteology of the reptiles , 772 – 772 . Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
  • Sanderson , M.J. and Donoghue , M.J. 1989 . Patterns of variation in levels of homoplasy . Evolution , 48 : 1781 – 1795 .
  • Scanlon , J.D. 1993 . Madtsoiid snakes from the Eocene Tingamarra Fauna of eastern Queensland . Kaupia: Darmstädter Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte , 3 : 3 – 8 .
  • Scotese , C.R. and Sager , W.W. 1989 . Mesozoic and Cenozoic plate reconstructions , Amsterdam : Elsevier .
  • Shute , C.C.D. and Bellairs , A.D. 1955 . The external ear muscles in Crocodilia . Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London , 124 : 741 – 749 .
  • Simmons , N.B. 1993 a . “ The importance of methods: archontan phylogeny and cladistic analysis of morphological data ” . In Primates and their relatives in phylogenetic perspective , Edited by: MacPhee , R.D. 1 – 61 . New York : Plenum Press . In
  • Simmons , N.B. 1993 b . “ Phylogeny of Multituberculata ” . In Mammal phylogeny. Mesozoic differentiation, multituberculates, monotremes, early therians, and marsupials , Edited by: Szalay , F.S. , Novacek , M.J. and McKenna , M.C. 146 – 165 . New York : Springer-Verlag . In
  • Simpson , G.G. 1937 . An ancient eusuchian crocodile from Patagonia . American Museum Novitates , 965 : 1 – 20 .
  • Stearns , S.C. 1994 . The evolutionary links between fixed and variable fields . Acta Palaeontographica Polonica , 38 : 215 – 232 .
  • Steel , R. 1973 . “ Crocodylia ” . In Handbuch der Paleoherpetologie: encyclopedia of paleoherpetology , Edited by: Kuhn , O. 116 – 116 . Stuttgart : Gustav Fisher . In
  • Steel , R. 1989 . Crocodiles , 198 – 198 . London : Christopher Helm .
  • Taplin , L.E. and Grigg , G.C. 1981 . Salt glands in the tongue of estuarine crocodiles . Science , 212 : 1045 – 1047 .
  • Taplin , L.E. and Grigg , G.C. 1989 . Historical zoogeography of the eusuchian crocodilians: a physiological perspective . American Zoologist , 29 : 885 – 901 .
  • Taplin , L.E. , Grigg , G.C. and Beard , L. 1985 . “ Salt gland function in fresh water crocodiles: evidence for a marine phase in eusuchian evolution? ” . In Biology of Australasian frogs and reptiles , Edited by: Grigg , G.C. , Shine , R. and Ehmann , H. 403 – 410 . Sydney : Surrey Deatty and Sons . In
  • Taplin , L.E. , Grigg , G.C. , Harlow , P. , Ellis , T.M. and Dudson , W.A. 1982 . Lingual salt glands in Crocodylus acutus and c. johnstoni, and their absence from Alligator mississippiensis and Caiman crocodilus . Journal of Comparative Physiology , 149 : 43 – 47 .
  • Tarsitano , S.F. 1985 . Cranial metamorphosis and the origin of the Eusuchia . Neues Jahrbruch für Geologie und Paläontologie Abhandlungen , 170 : 27 – 44 .
  • Tarsitano , S.F. , Frey , E. and Reiss , J. 1989 . The evolution of the crocodilia: a conflict between morphological and biochemical data . American Zoologist , 29 : 843 – 856 .
  • Tchernov , E. 1986 . Evolution of the crocodiles in east and north Africa . Éditions du Centre National de la Récherche Scientifique, Paris , : 77 – 77 .
  • Thorbjarnarson , J.B. 1990 . Notes on the feeding behaviour of the Gharial (Gavialis gangeticus) under seminatural conditions . Journal of Herpetology , 24 : 99 – 100 .
  • Troedsson , G.T. 1924 . On crocodilian remains from the Danian of Sweden . Lunds universitets Arsskrift , 20 : 1 – 75 .
  • Tyler , M.J. and Godthelp , H. 1993 . A new species of Lechriodus Boulenger (Anura: Leptodactylidae) from the Early Eocene of Queensland . Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia , 117 : 187 – 189 .
  • Veevers , J.J. 1991 . Phanerozoic Australia in the changing configuration of Proto-Pangea through Gondwandaland and Pangea to the present dispersed continents . Australian Systematic Botany , 4 : 1 – 11 .
  • Von der Borch , C.C. 1966 . Stratigraphy and formation of Holocene dolomitic carbonate deposits of the Coorong area, South Australia . Journal of Sedimentary Petrology , 46 : 956 – 966 .
  • Warren , J.K. 1990 . Sedimentology and mineralogy of dolomitic Coorong Lakes, South Australia . Journal of Sedimentary Petrology , 60 : 843 – 858 .
  • Webb , G.J.W. , Manolis , S.C. and Sack , G.C. 1983 . Crocodylus johnstoni and Crocodylus porosus coexisting in a tidal river . Australian Wildlife Research , 10 : 639 – 650 .
  • Webb , G.J.W. and Messel , H. 1978 . Movement and dispersal patterns of Crocodylus porosus in some rivers of Arnhem Land, Northern Australia . Australian Wildlife Research , 5 : 263 – 283 .
  • Webb , G.J.W. , Messel , H. and Magnusson , W. 1977 . The nesting of Crocodylus porous in Arnhem Land, Northern Australia . Copeia , 1977 : 238 – 249 .
  • Webb , G.J.W. , Sack , G.C. , Buckworth , R. and Manolis , S.C. 1983 b . An examination of Crocodylus porosus nests in two northern Australian freshwater swamps, with an analysis of embryo mortality . Australian Wildlife Research , 10 : 571 – 605 .
  • Wermuth , H. 1953 . Systematik der rezenten Krokodile . Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin , 29 : 375 – 514 .
  • Willis , P.M.A. 1992 . Four new crocodilians from the early Miocene sites at Riversleigh Station, northwestern Queensland . The Beagle, Records of the Northern Territory Museum of Arts and Sciences , 91 : 629 – 629 .
  • Willis , P.M.A. 1993 . Trilophosuchus rackhami, gen. et sp. nov., a new crocodilian from the early Miocene Limestones of Riversleigh, northwestern Queensland . Journal of Vertebrate Paleontonogy , 13 : 90 – 98 .
  • Willis P.M.A. New crocodilians from the Late Oligocene White Hunter Site, Riversleigh, northwestern Queensland Memoirs of the Queensland Museum in press 1996 a
  • Willis P.M.A. Phylogenetic systematics and biostratigraphic relationships of crocodilians from Oligo-Miocene sites at Riversleigh, northwestern Queensland Memoirs of the Queensland Museum in press 1996 b
  • Willis , P.M.A. and Molnar , R.E. 1991 a . A longirostrine crocodile from the early Tertiary of southeastern Queensland . Alcheringa , 15 : 229 – 233 .
  • Willis , P.M.A. and Molnar , R.E. 1991 b . A new middle Tertiary crocodile from Lake Palankarinna, South Australia . Records of the South Australian Museum , 25 : 39 – 55 .
  • Willis , P.M.A. , Molnar , R.E. and Scanlon , J.D. 1991 . Eocene crocodilian fossils from Murgon, southeastern Queensland . Monument Grube Messel-Perspectives and relationships. Hessisches Landesmuseum Darstadt, Geologisch-Palaontologische and Mineralogische Abteilung , Abstracts.
  • Willis , P.M.A. , Molnar , R.E. and Scanlon , J.D. 1993 . An Early Eocene crocodilian from Murgon, southeastern Queensland . Kaupia: Darmstädter Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte , 3 : 27 – 23 .
  • Willis , P.M.A. , Murray , P.F. and Megirian , D. 1990 . Baru darrowi gen. et. sp. nov., a large, broad-snouted crocodyline (Eusuchia: Crocodylidae) from mid-Tertiary freshwater limestones in Northern Australia . Memoirs of the Queensland Museum , 29 : 521 – 540 .
  • Willis , P.M.A. , Robinson , J. and Kemp , A. 1995 . “ Computerised tomographic scans of an Eocene crocodile skull from south east Queensland ” . In Papers from the first Australian Palaeontological Convention, Macquarie University, February 1994 , Edited by: Jell , P. 203 – 208 . Sydney : The Association of Australasian Palaeontologists . Memoir 18.
  • Woodburne , M.O. , Macfadden , B.J. , Case , J.A. , Springer , M.S. , Pledge , N.S. , Power , J.D. , Woodburne , J.M. and Springer , K.B. 1993 . Land mammal biostratigraphy and magnetostratigraphy of the Etadunna Formation (Late Oligocene) of South Australia . Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology , 13 : 483 – 515 .
  • Wu , X.C. and Brinkman , D.B. 1993 . A new crocodylomorph of “mesosuchian” grade from the Upper Cretaceous Upper Milk River Formation, southern Arizona . Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology , 13 : 153 – 160 .
  • Wu , X.C. , Sues , H-D. and Sun , A. 1995 . A plant eating crocodyliform reptile form the Cretaceous of China . Nature , 376 : 678 – 680 .
  • Young , C.C. 1964 . New fossil crocodiles from China . Vertebrate Palasiatica , 82 : 189 – 208 .
  • Zangerl , R. 1944 . Brachyuranochampsa eversolei, gen. et sp. nov., a new crocodilian from the Washakie Eocene of Wyoming . Annals of the Carnegie Museum , 30 : 77 – 84 .
  • Zittel , K.A.von . 1890 . Handbuch der Palaontologie, vol. 3: Vertebrata (Pisces, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves) , 900 – 900 . Munich : Oldenbourg .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.