Participation in Regional and Social Planning

REFERENCES

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• Regionalization implied in this paper involves devolution of authority and decentralization of service delivery, with “power” located at the community level. Autonomy and authority are regionally based to meet the specific needs and accountability of the particular region.
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• Ibid. , p. 54 .
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• Ibid. , 53
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• Ibid. , para.491 .
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• Participation in community organization is also frequently seen as an index of community mental health. See Graham J. D. , “Who Participates?” , Australian Journal of Social Issues , 9 , No. 2 , 1974 , 133 – 41 .
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• See Whitaker , op. cit. , p. 11 ; and Mogulof, M. B., “Local Experiences in Citizen Participation in the United States”, The British Journal of Social Work, Vol. 2, No. 3, 1972, p. 395 .
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• Skeffington Report, op. cit.
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• Seebohm Report, op. cit. . para. 628 .
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• For the United States, see Moynihan , op. cit. , and Stenberg, C. W., “Citizens and the Administrative State from Participation to Power”, Public Administration Review , 32 , 1972 , p. 191 . For Britain and comparative assessment see Whitaker, op. cit., and Lees, R., Politics and Social Work, London, Routledge & Kegan Paul, pp. 40-52. For Canada see Carata, Mario, The Citizen Group Movement Among the Low-Income Citizens of Urban Canada, Ottawa, The Canadian Association of Neighbourhood Services, 1969, and Wharf, op. cit.
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• Ibid. , p. 31 .
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• A.C.O.S.S., “Participation in Australia” , op. cit. , p. 39 .
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• Ibid. , p. 56 .
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• Ibid. , p. 967 .
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• Wharf , op. cit. , p. 65 .
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• Ibid. , p. 65 .
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• Stilwell , F. J. B. and Hardwick , J. M. March 1973 . Regional Development in Australia , March , 106 Sydney : Planning Research Centre, Department of Town and Country Planning, University of Sydney .
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• Australian Assistance Plan , prepared by Interim Committee of the Social Welfare Commission, Canberra , Australian Government Publishing Service , Discussion Paper No. 1, pp. 3 , 4 .
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• January 1974 . Australian Council of Social Services—Background Paper on Regional Structures and Strategies , January , 20 Sydney : A.C.O.S.S. . Available from ACOSS Sydney
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• Ibid. , pp. 20 21.
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• Pateman C. , Participation and Democratic Theory , 1970 .
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• Poverty: The ACOSS Evidence , op. cit. , p. 36 .
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• Ibid. , p. 29 .
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• The Skeffington Report, op. cit. , marked a significant change in official attitudes in Britain towards wider public involvement. It also makes a number of useful suggestions applicable to Australia to improve communication between planner and public.
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• Poverty: The ACOSS Evidence , op. cit. , pp. 55 – 57 .
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• The Skeffington Report, op. cit.
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• See generally Whitaker , op. cit. ; Moynihan, op. cit.: and Morris, P., and Rein, M., Dilemmas of Social Reform: Poverty and Community Action in the United States, Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1967 .
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• Crown , L. E. 1970 . “Meaningful Consumer Participation—A Challenge to the Social Agency Administrator” . In Social Work Administration , Edited by: Schatz , H. A. 333 New York : Council on Social Work Education . Kahn A J Theory and Practice of Social Planning New York Russell Sage Foundation 1969 p 126; Lees op cit Ch 4; Wharf op cit Ch 4; and ACOSS Participation in Australia op cit
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• Godschalk , David R. 1972 . Participation, Planning and Exchange in Old and New Communities: A Collaborative Paradigm , 281 North Carolina : Urban Studies Publication Series, University of North Carolina .
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• Ibid. , p. 242 .
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• Gilbert , N. , Rosenkranz , A. and Specht , H. 1973 . “Dialectics of Social Planning” . Social Work , 18 ( 2 ) March : 85
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• See, for example, p. 287 , Thompson , op. cit. ; pp. 75-79, Arnstein, op. cit.; and p. 143, Loveday, op. cit.
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• Godschalk D. , op. cit.
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