Child Care in New South Wales in 1870

References

• This paper is the result of two accidental discoveries. Whilst undertaking research on another subject I came across some of the correspondence on which this paper is based. I originally proposed to study the period 1870 -1879 , but the discovery that, for 1870 alone, the correspondence amounted to about 800 items limited the project to that year only. The current proposals to alter the Child Welfare laws of New South Wales make the subject one of timely interest.
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• Judge , C. and Emmerson , R. 1974 . Some children at risk in Victoria in the 19th Century . Medical Journal of Australia , 1 : 490 – 495 .
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• For a thorough analysis of all the child care provisions see Govan E. S. L. , Public and Private Responsibility in Child Welfare in New South Wales , 1788 -1887, unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Chicago , 1951 (a copy of this thesis is in Fisher Library, University of Sydney and a microfilm in the National Library, Canberra); B. K. Dickey, Charity in New South Wales, 1850–1914: A Study in Public, Private and State Provision for the Poor, unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Australian National University, 1966 .
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• The buildings now form part of Rydalmere Hospital .
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• Progress Report of the Inspector of Public Charities, Votes and Proceedings of the Legislative Assembly of New South Wales , ( V. & P.L.A. ) 1868 , Vol. 3 , p. 485 ; /9, C.S.I.L. 70/8034 with C.S.S.B. 4/810.2. For a description of these abbreviations see note 24 .
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• Progress Report , loc. cit., pp. 483 – 485 .
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• All details of the staffing of government institutions are taken from the Blue Book for 1870 , V. & P.L.A. , 1871 /2 , Vol. 2 , pp. 542 – 543 .
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• The buildings now form part of Taldree and Kambala Remand Centres at Parramatta .
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• Royal Commission on Public Charities, V. & P.L.A. , 1873 /4 , Vol. 6 , Second Report. Appendix C; Roman Catholic Orphan School, ownership of, V. & P.L.A., 1885/6, Vol. 2, p. 801 .
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• Report of the Inspector of Public Charities on the Roman Catholic Orphan School, V. & P.L.A. , 1870 , Vol. 1 , p. 585 .
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• Roman Catholic Orphan School, correspondence re removal of Mr. Simon Cullen from teacher in, V. & P.L.A. , 1868 /9 , Vol. 3 , pp. 781 – 796 .
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• Roman Catholic Orphan School, correspondence respecting, V. & P.L.A. , 1870 , Vol. 2 , pp. 581 – 585 .
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• The buildings now form part of the Prince of Wales Hospital .
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• Report of the Inspector of Public Charities, March 25 , 1880 , V. & P.L.A. , 1879/80 , Vol. 2 , p. 853 .
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• C.S.I.L. 58/3951.
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• Royal Commission, loc. cit., 2nd Report, pp. 98 ff.
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• Benevolent Society of New South Wales , Annual Report, 1870 .
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• May , M. 1973 . Innocence and experience: the evolution of the concept of juvenile delinquency in the mid-nineteenth cntury . Victorian Studies , XVII ( 1 ) September : 7 – 29 . 30 Vic No 2 For discussions of the development of this form of provision see: B K Dickey “The Establishment of Industrial Schools and Reformatories in New South Wales 1850–1875” Journal of the Royal Australian Historical Society Vol 54 Part 2 June 1968 pp 135–151; D I McDonald “Henry Parkes and the Sydney Nautical School” ibid Vol 52 Part 3 September 1966 pp 212–227
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• The site of the Watt Street Hospital.
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• Royal Commission, loc. cit., 2nd Report, p. 65 .
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• ibid., pp. 71 – 2 , evidence of George Lucas.
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• Society for the Relief of Destitute Children , Annual Report, 1870 .
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• Sydney Female School of Industry , Annual Report, 1870 .
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• Letters received by the Colonial Secretary's Department were numbered in annual numerical sequences. Where there were a series of letters on a single subject, the entire series was usually filed under the number of the last letter. In this paper the individual letters are referred to by their number, i.e., C.S.I.L. 70/—. Where one letter is filed with another the notation is C.S.I.L. 70/— with 70/—. Some letters have been collected into Special Bundles and the notation is C.S.I.L. 70/— with C.S.S.B. —. The collection for 1870 holds 565 individual letters relevant for this study. One hundred and ninety-seven letters are located in subsequent years in respect of continuing cases. Thirty-four letters, referring to nine cases could not be located.
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• Papers with C.S.I.L. 70/1725.
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• Papers with C.S.I.L. 70/183.
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• Papers with C.S.I.L. 70/820.
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• Papers with C.S.I.L. 70/1551.
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• C.S.I.L. 70/8271.
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• C.S.I.L. 70/9196.
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• Papers with C.S.I.L. 70/7436.
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• For detailed statistics of admissions and discharges to the Orphan Schools, see, Orphan School (Statistics), V. & P.L.A. , 1871 /2 , Vol. 2 , pp. 445 ff.
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• C.S.I.L. 70/1373.
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• ibid.
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• ibid.
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• C.S.I.L. 70/1588.
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• Papers with C.S.I.L. 70/9869.
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• C.S.I.L. 70/9823 with 70/9869.
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• 70/9869. See also deception practiced, and lack of investigation in the case of Mary Jane Wright, papers with C.S.I.L. 71/4399.
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• C.S.I.L. 70/5252.
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• C.S.I.L. 70/976 with 70/5044.
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• C.S.I.L. 70/7468.
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• Papers with C.S.I.L. 70/5887.
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• C.S.I.L. 70/144 with 70/5887.
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• ibid.
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• C.S.I.L. 70/5887.
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• Papers with 70/6130.
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• Papers with C.S.I.L. 70/3112.
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• C.S.I.L. 70/2846 with 70/3112.
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• Papers with C.S.I.L. 73/5394.
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• See C.S.I.L. 70/5654.
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• Its removal would cause “capricious, needless applications” (C.S.I.L. 70/5654).
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• See C.S.I.L. 75/3685.
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• Papers with C.S.I.L. 70/1617.
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• For a report of the inquest see Sydney Morning Herald, July 18, 1870 .
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• Papers with 70/7054.
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• See C.S.I.L. 70/9109, 70/1886, 70/3232.
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• C.S.I.L. 70/7273.
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• C.S.I.L. 70/9875.
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• C.S.I.L. 70/8538.
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• C.S.I.L. 68/4486 with 71/7861.
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• C.S.I.L. 68/4608 with 71/7861. The question of paying in charitable institutions was a controversial issue , see Horsburgh M. D. , Government Subsidy of Voluntary Social Welfare Organisations: A Case Study: New South Wales , 1858 -1910 , unpublished M.S.W. thesis, University of New South Wales , 1975 , pp. 188, 214–217.
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• C.S.I.L. 70/2842. 70/3111, 71/7861, 74/14.
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• C.S.I.L. 72/3033. Parkes' 1872 decision reflected the original government intention of 1870, and the consistent implication of the documents attached to C.S.I.L. 72/3033. But in February, 1871, Colonial Secretary John Robertson decided that the money should be held in trust for the children on their discharge. His memo, C.S.I.L. 70/9892, is not attached to the other papers in the case, but in its own numerical sequence. Perhaps the misplacing of this paper created an impression that no final decision had been made and brought the matter to Parkes' attention.
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• C.S.I.L. 69/8506 with 75/3685.
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• C.S.I.L. 70/3371 with 75/3685.
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• Colonial Secretary's Minute No. 16884 With C.S.I.L. 70/4128.
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• C.S.I.L. 70/4128.
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• C.S.I.L. 70/110.
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• C.S.I.L. 67/5754 with 70/5817.
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• C.S.I.L. 70/5817.
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• C.S.I.L. 63/6027 with 70/5817.
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• C.S.I.L. 70/5817.
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• C.S.I.L. 70/6944.
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• C.S.I.L. 73/5201; see also 72/6566 with 72/9520 and 73/8499 with 74/14.
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• C.S.I.L. 70/5547, 70/5712, 74/14.
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• C.S.I.L. 70/806, 70/1557, 70/3422, 70/6689, 70/9504.
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• C.S.I.L. 70/1725, 70/1985, 70/4001.
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• C.S.I.L. 70/183, 70/7227, 70/9880.
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• C.S.I.L. 70/9052.
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• C.S.I.L. 70/8639 with 71/7324.
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• Papers with C.S.I.L. 71/7324.
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• Papers with C.S.I.L. 70/3251.
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• C.S.I.L. 69/3132 with 70/3251.
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• Progress Report of Select Committee on the general management of the Training-ship Vernon . V. & P.L.A. 1868 /9 , Vol. 3 , pp. 865 – 893 . For a report on similar problems at I.S.N. see C.S.I.L. 70/6724 .
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• Papers with C.S.I.L. 70/8443.
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• C.S.I.L. 70/4506 with 70/8443.
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• C.S.I.L. 70/8443.
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• C.S.I.L. 70/7088 with 70/9198.
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• C.S.I.L. 70/7167 with 70/9198.
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• C.S.I.L. 70/8754 with 70/9198.
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• 5 Wm IV, No. 3. Similar powers were conferred on the Randwick Asylum by 20 Vic., No. 19, and the Sydney Female School of Industry by 10 Geo. IV, No. 4.
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• New South Wales Government Gazette , No. 126, Wednesday, July 20 , 1834 , p. 555 .
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• Some forms are attached to C.S.I.L. 70/4150.
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• C.S.I.L. 70/6197.
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• C.S.I.L. 70/5072.
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• S.C.I.L. 70/6686.
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• C.S.I.L. 70/7950.
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• C.S.I.L. 70/8691. He repeated the comment several days later, see 70/8862.
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• C.S.I.L. 70/1788, 70/1789.
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• C.S.I.L. 70/584.
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• C.S.I.L. 69/9667 with 70/3378.
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• C.S.I.L. 70/805.
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• C.S.I.L. 70/10163 with 71/5635.
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• C.S.I.L. 70/9244 with 71/128.
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• C.S.I.L. 71/128, also 70/6197, 70/3185.
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• C.S.I.L. 70/2116.
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• C.S.I.L. 70/2116, 70/7161.
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• Royal Commission, loc. cit., 2nd Report, p. 213 , evidence of James Cavill.
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• C.S.I.L. 70/6197.
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• C.S.I.L. 70/7728, 70/5404 with 72/6237.
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• C.S.I.L. 70/6503 with 70/8691.
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• C.S.I.L. 70/8691.
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• ibid.
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• Royal Commission, loc. cit., 2nd Report, pp. 88, 91, 93. This criticism was also levelled at the Randwick Asylum, pp. 107–108 .
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• Correspondence re R.C.O.S., Parramatta, V. & P.L.A. , 1870 , Vol. 2 , p. 581 .
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• ibid.
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• C.S.I.L. 70/1339.
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• C.S.I.L. 70/179 with 71/3061.
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• C.S.I.L. 70/1379 with 70/7558.
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• C.S.I.L. 70/7558.
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• C.S.I.L. 70/9486 with 71/4399.
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• C.S.I.L. 70/184 with 70/1875.
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• C.S.I.L. 70/2116 and 70/1875.
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• C.S.I.L. 70/3394 with 71/6185.
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• C.S.I.L. 71/4484 with 71/6185.
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• C.S.I.L. 71/4609 with 71/6185.
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• C.S.I.L. 70/6197.
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• C.S.I.L. 70/89 with 70/1220.
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• C.S.I.L. 70/1220.
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• C.S.I.L. 70/1355 with 70/2430.
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• C.S.I.L. 71/47.
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• ibid.
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• C.S.I.L. 70/7929 with 71/2432.
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• C.S.I.L. 72/3640.
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• C.S.I.L. 70/8433 with 72/4958.
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• C.S.I.L. 70/8431.
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• C.S.I.L. 71/251 with 72/4958.
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• C.S.I.L. 72/4958.
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• C.S.I.L. 70/3378.
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• C.S.I.L. 73/724 with 73/7406.
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• Papers with C.S.I.L. 72/5513.
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• See C.S.I.L. 70/4014, 70/4784, 70/5144.
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• C.S.I.L. 70/5144. Orphan School Statistics, loc. cit., p. 453 , entry for George Spicer.
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• C.S.I.L. 70/1359.
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• Papers with C.S.I.L. 70/2018.
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• C.S.I.L. 69/1581 with 70/2018.
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• C.S.I.L. 69/7090 with 70/2018.
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• C.S.I.L. 70/591 with 70/2018.
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• ibid.
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• ibid.
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• C.S.I.L. 70/2018.
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• Papers with C.S.I.L. 70/9805.
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• C.S.I.L. 70/9598.
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• C.S.I.L. 70/6704.
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• C.S.I.L. 70/7302, 70/7818.
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• C.S.I.L. 70/9233; see also 69/8037, 70/3083, 70/6132, Royal Commission, loc. cit., 2nd Report, p. 173 , evidence of John Robertson.
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• C.S.I.L. 70/6477. I have been unable to locate any reference to the criticism itself.
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• C.S.I.L. 70/7900 with 71/4940.
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• C.S.I.L. 71/2218 with 71/4940.
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• C.S.I.L. 71/5136 with 73/6006.
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• C.S.I.L. 73/6006.
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• 44 Vic., No. 24. See John Ramsland, The development of boarding-out systems in Australia, 1860–1910 , Journal of the Royal Australian Historical Society , Vol. 60 , 3 , September , 1974 , pp. 186 – 198 .
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• Royal Commission, loc. cit., 2nd Report, p. 57 .
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